The Book of Songs? Guan Yu? Pre-Qin era
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Shepherd's purse is uneven, left and right [1].
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
Note: From The Book of Songs? National wind? Nan Zhou.
Crown dove: the name of the waterfowl, namely the osprey. Legend has it that they are single-minded
Autumn: (Qi) is a foreign word, (Qi), which means kill two birds with one stone.
Shepherd's purse: the name of aquatic plants
Wake up, sleep, sleep.
[1]: Tone cap, indicating selection.
Xingya. Customs clearance, the sum of men and women is also corresponding. Guanluo, a waterfowl, is Wang Ju, a flying heron. Today, it exists between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. There are fixed couples who don't make trouble with each other and sometimes swim together without fighting. Therefore, Mao Chuan thinks it is sincere and unique, while Lienv Chuan thinks that people have never seen him ride a horse, which hides his nature. River, the floorboard of flowing water in the north. The mainland, a habitable place in the water. Gentle and graceful, carefree. Shu, people. A woman, called an unmarried woman, refers to the fact that Princess Wang Wen is a virgin. Gentleman refers to wang wen also. Good is also good. Yi, Pi also. Mao: Express deep affection for harmony. -Zhu note
translate
Turn off the singing waterfowl,
Living on a sandbar in the river.
Kind and beautiful girl,
My hero's good spouse.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went to pick around.
Kind and beautiful girl,
I woke up and dreamed of her.
Missing and pursuing are unattainable,
Wake up and dream of Sauvignon Blanc.
I miss you very much,
Tossing and turning is hard to sleep.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went to pick around.
Kind and beautiful girl,
Play the harp and get close to her.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went around to pick it up.
Kind and beautiful girl,
Ring the bell and drum to please her.
Jianjia
The Millennium is frost.
The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.
Tracing back from it, the road resistance is long;
Swim back from it, in the middle of the water
Sadly, the Millennium is still there.
The so-called Iraqis are in the water.
Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and embarrassing;
Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.
When harvesting, the Millennium is not finished,
The so-called Iraqis are in the water.
Tracing back from it, the road is blocked and right;
Swim back from the inside and swim in the water.
Acacia was written in ancient times, but there was no Jia Jian.
The so-called acacia, hope but not, see but not; Although you work hard and give everything you want, you will never get it. So the faint feelings are beyond words. I smell string songs, and the string stops and the sound is in my ears; After reading "Jia Jian" today, the article stops here, and the rest of my feelings never leave.
A reed, a reed, a wandering thing, swaying with the wind, stops at its roots, if it floats, if it stops, if it has nothing. Infinite thoughts, wandering in a trance, worrying about the roots. Roots, love also. Acacia is not as good as acacia Exposed to things, disappeared in an instant. Buddha said: Everything has its own way, like a dream. If dew is like electricity, it should be seen this way; Love is a thing, illusory and shapeless. Zhuangzi said: "Happiness comes from the air and steam it into bacteria." . That makes sense. Dew condenses into frost. Earth, air and body fluid are born from the ground, and thin and cold are frost. Beauty is not available, so lovesickness is very beneficial and affectionate. So it is called "not yet" and "not yet". Although you can't get it, you will suffer. Don't ask for it, love never leaves! This lovesickness is the most bitter!
Love is tied to the so-called Iraqi people. However, on the water side, I don't know where it is. Jia Changjiang has a poem: "But which corner of the mountain, how do I know, through all these clouds?" "If a husband is happy, he will ask for something, so he waded through the water though he didn't know where he was. It is called "back to back" and "back to back", which is also up and down. Moreover, the road twists and turns are hard to find, which is really a "up, he looks for green vanity, down, and the grave." But in the end, "but he failed, and in two places, he didn't find the person he was looking for", but the pursuer was a phantom cloud, hidden from the mirror and would not be available.
Acacia is beneficial, just like the shadow in front, within reach, but out of reach. The phrase "everything is in the middle of the water" is as long as the sound of a broken string. Idiot? Dream? Every time I read this, I can't help but rejoice, sigh, complain and cry!
Writing background
Jia Jian is selected from The Book of Songs? Qin Feng is a kind of folk song, which originated in Qin Dynasty about 255 years ago.
There have always been different opinions about the content of this poem. To sum up, there are three main arguments: one is the theory of "stabbing Xianggong". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Jia Xu, stab Xiang Gong also. If Zhou Li cannot be used, the country cannot be consolidated. " Su, a modern man, explained this meaning in the Book of Songs: "The so-called sage on the water side is a metaphor for the ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty. If you run the country against the etiquette, it will be "resistance and long", "umbilical" and "power", that is, there is no way to go and no medicine to cure. If you follow the etiquette, you will be in the water and below the water. " "Water gives way" means that there is hope for governing the country. The second is "recruiting talents". Both Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs and Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs are poems that introduce sages. "Yiren" means "sages": "sages live in seclusion on the waterfront, but people want to see them." Or, saying, "You don't follow the path of seeking seclusion, and hermits avoid it." The third is the theory of "love". Today, Lan Juyou, Fan, Gao Ting, Lu Huiwen and others all hold "love songs". For example, Zi Huiwen said: "This is a love song, and the poet is in trouble because the lover he is pursuing is within reach. It is an implicit metaphor to say that the river is impassable. "
Because the skill of this poem cannot be verified, and the reference to "Iraqis" in the poem is also difficult to win the trust, it is difficult to draw a conclusion on the above three theories. Here, let's take it as a love poem.
Jia Jian belongs to Qin Feng. When Wang Xiaoshi was in Zhou Dynasty, Fei Zi, the ancestor of Qin State, was sealed in Qin Valley (now Tianshui, Gansu). When Wang Ping moved eastward, Qin Xianggong was escorted by troops and got a large fief in the west of Qishan. Later, Qin gradually moved eastward, all in Yong (now Xingping, Shaanxi). The Qin area includes the area from Guanzhong of Shaanxi to southeastern Gansu. Qin Feng * * * ten articles, mostly folk songs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
hierarchy configuration
This poem has three overlapping chapters, and each chapter can be divided into four levels:
The first two sentences show a picture of the autumn river: in the early morning of late autumn, autumn water is dense, reeds are green, dewdrops are bright and crystal clear as frost. This state is slightly sad in emptiness and loneliness, so it plays a good role in rendering the atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of the persistent pursuit and elusive love expressed in the poem.
Three or four sentences tell the central image of the poem: the lyric hero lingers by the river and stares at the pursuit of the "Iraqi people" on the other side of the river. This "Iraqi" is the one he misses day and night. "Being on the water side" is isolated from the world, which means to pursue difficulties and produce an unattainable realm. Although the lyric hero looks forward to autumn water and pursues it persistently, "Iraqis" are separated from each other. It's hard to see, so there are helpless feelings and empty and melancholy feelings in the poem.
The following four sentences are two levels of juxtaposition, describing two different scenes on the water side. "Follow the hole, the road is long." This is the dilemma of sailing against the current: endless difficulties and obstacles, endless roads, and inaccessible road signs. "Swim downstream in the middle of the water" is the illusion of tracing downstream: the journey is smooth everywhere, the Iraqis are always there, but in the end they can't get close. There are both upstream and downstream, and the significance of pursuing and persisting can be seen; Either the dilemma is difficult to reach, or the illusion is difficult to approach. After all, it is impossible, and the deeper the feeling of fear. At this point, the situation that Iraqis never dreamed of has been concretely and fully demonstrated.
There are three chapters in the whole poem, and only a few words are changed in each chapter, which not only plays the artistic effect of repeating chapters and sentences, chanting repeatedly, singing three times and sighing three times, but also plays the role of constantly promoting poetry. From "white dew is frost" to "white dew is limonene" and then to "endless white dew", this is the passage of time, symbolizing the long-term gaze and pursuit of the lyric hero; From "on the water side" to "in tears", to "in water", from "in water", to "in water" and then to "in water", this is a change of position, symbolizing the elusive Iraqi people; From "road resistance and long" to "road resistance and economy" and then to "value resistance and power", it is the difficulty of repeatedly rendering the pursuit process that highlights the indomitable spirit of the lyric hero. Repeating chapter by chapter and advancing layer by layer is a common form of folk songs in The Book of Songs.
Content review
If the "Iraqi" in the poem is regarded as a lover, then this poem shows the melancholy mood of the lyric hero's persistent pursuit of good love. The spirit is precious and the feelings are sincere, but the result is slim and the situation is sad.
But the most valuable and striking thing about this poem is not the pursuit and loss of the lyric hero, but the artistic conception of "being on the water side" created by him, which has universal significance. Good poetry can create artistic conception. Artistic conception is a pattern and a structure, which has the performance of containing all heterogeneous things with similar patterns and structures. The structure of On the Water is: chasing troops-rivers-Iraqis. Because the "Iraqi people" in the poem has no specific reference, and the meaning of the river lies in the barrier, all the pursuits that are difficult to achieve because of being blocked in the world can be isomorphic and resonate here.
From this point of view, we might as well understand the poetry of the novel as a symbol and take On the Water as an artistic paradigm to express all the difficulties in social life. The "Iraqis" here can be talents, friends, lovers, achievements, ideals, prospects, and even blessed land, holy land and heaven; The "river" here can be high mountains and deep valleys, patriarchal clan system and ethics, or any other obstacles that may be encountered in real life. As long as there are pursuits, obstacles and disappointments, it is the world that it reproduces and expresses. In this way, the ancients interpreted it as persuading people to follow the etiquette, recruiting talents and cherishing talents. Today, people regard it as a love poem, and some even regard it as an ancestor worship ceremony of ancient water gods. I'm afraid there is some truth. It seems inappropriate to stick to one family and exclude others, because they are all included in the symbolic meaning of "on the water side"
Naturally, when we are in a situation similar to "on the water side", we should appreciate its keen pursuit, not its pessimistic disappointment.
Artistic feature
Jianjia is one of the best chapters in The Book of Songs. Its main features are embodied in three closely related aspects: the fuzziness of facts, the emptiness of images and the symbolism of the whole.
First of all, the fact is vague.
Generally speaking, the creation of lyric poetry stems from the feeling of specific things, so there are always some real personnel scenes in its artistic conception. However, the author seems to have deliberately blurred all the main events. Who is the seeker? What is he after? We don't know; What is the identity of the hunted "Iraqi"? Why is he so hard to catch? We don't know; Even if it is male or female, it is impossible to confirm. In particular, "Iraqis" have no voice, no appearance and no physical appearance. After a while, he was in the upper reaches of the river, the lower reaches of the river, the middle of the water, and the grass by the water. He is erratic and unpredictable, which makes people wonder if he really exists. Undoubtedly, because the pursuer, especially the pursued, is vague, the whole pursuit of characters, events and contents becomes illusory. But it is precisely because of this fact that the artistic conception of poetry is so ethereal and symbolic.
Second, the ethereal image
In fact, the scene described in the poem is not a real person, but a kind of mind. This psychological image is not the memory of a real thing I have experienced, but a typical psychological situation which is synthesized, condensed and blurred by many similar events and feelings. The biggest feature of this psychological situation is that it is not sticky or greasy, and it is ethereal and rich. On the Water is the artistic expression of this ethereal psychological situation. Here, the "water center" where Yiren is located has also become a virtual symbolic image because of the ambiguity between the pursuer and the pursued, the seemingly real scenic river road and the pursuit route of the upstream and downstream. We can't delve into when, where and what rivers and mountains they are, otherwise Iraqis are contradictory in the upper and lower reaches of the river, and why even two people don't cross the river becomes a problem. The success of Jia Xu lies in the poet's accurate grasp of people's psychological images, which creates a psychological situation that looks like flowers, making the artistic conception of the poem present as a symbol of integrity.
Third, the overall symbol of artistic conception
The symbol of poetry is not the use of symbolic figures of speech or skills in a word or sentence, but the overall symbol of artistic conception. "Being on the water side" is a common situation in life. The dilemma of "going back and forth in the middle, but the road is blocked and long" and the illusion of "going back and forth in the middle of the water" are also common situations in life. People may often be excited by pursuit. The baptism of a complete emotional flow, from blocked troubles to lost melancholy, is more likely to be often affected by how painful it is to go upstream or how happy it is to go downstream; Readers can think of the situation of love and the experience of arousing love from here, and also think of their ideals, careers, future situations and arouse many life experiences from here. The overall symbol of artistic conception makes it truly have an inexhaustible philosophical significance of life. Wang Guowei once compared this poem with Schumann's "Butterfly Lovers", "Last night, the west wind adjusted the trees, climbed the stairs alone, and looked at the horizon", which was considered as "the most popular feeling", obviously focusing on the symbolic significance of life in its artistic conception.
The vagueness of facts, the emptiness of images and the overall symbol of artistic conception are three aspects of a problem. From the fact to the virtual image, and then to the overall symbol, this is roughly the process of constructing the artistic conception of symbolic poetry.
reference data
Different places and different people make people want to die. (Ming? Comments on Zhong Xing's The Book of Songs)
This is naturally a poem of sages living in seclusion by the waterfront, but it makes people yearn for it. "Go with the flow", this sentence has been changed and imitated twice, so it is written in the form of deep admiration. So I added a "ten thousand" prison to the next word "in", which made me feel like I wanted to fly. (Qing? Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs)
If you play with the word "so-called" carefully, it is difficult for the person you want to tell others. "On the water side" is also an imaginary word. If there is a certain way that people can come, why not ask for it? The poet's purpose is far away, and so is his stubbornness for suppression. (Qing Huang's Doubt on Poetry)
The three chapters have only one meaning, especially the change of rhyme. In fact, the first chapter has become a swan song. When the ancients wrote poems, one meaning turned into three folds. As the saying goes, one sings three sighs, and one sings more echoes. (Qing? Fang Yurun (Original Book of Songs)
The poetic scene is symbolic and mysterious. (Chen Zizhan's direct interpretation of The Book of Songs)
"The so-called Iraqis, the water side, go back and follow, the road is long; Swim back from it in the middle of the water. " Curtain: "One side, difficult." Press (Han Guang): "Han has a wandering girl and can't help but consider it; Han is too broad to swim; Jiang Zhiyong, don't think about it. " Chen Qiyuan (Ji Gu Bian? The appendix says: "If the husband is happy, he will seek for himself. If he can only see and cannot seek, he will benefit." Two poems are endowed with the so-called yearning situation of western romanticism (pension 1 1 Shantou t). The ancient Roman poet Huan Jill famously said: "Watching the fire from the other side is within reach", and people who are considerate in later generations think that good deeds are difficult to achieve. Ancient German folk songs praised good deeds and multipolar obstacles, each of which put obstacles in deep water. Dante's Divine Comedy aims to make a beautiful woman smile across the river, three steps apart, such as across the sea. Modern poet Zhiyun: "Joy grows on the other side of the river." ..... (Qian Zhongshu cherishes the cone) "