First, pay attention to the accumulation of background knowledge of ancient poetry.
This background knowledge mainly includes the poet's life experience, thoughts and feelings, artistic style and so on. Mastering these contents, we can make a different analysis of poetry when we appreciate it. Such as: Li Bai's cynical life, fresh and elegant style; Du Fu's life of worrying about the country and the people, his depressed and frustrated style; Xin Qiji's "The Great Cause Against Song Jinfu" is not only magnificent in theme, but also tactful in technique. Wang Wei's poems are subtle and vivid, Bai Juyi's poems are elegant and vulgar, Li Shangyin's poems are beautiful and elegant, Li Yu's poems are decadent and sad but delicate and touching, Ouyang Xiu's poems are sad and beautiful, Liu Yong's poems are sad and sad, Su Shi's poems are bold and unrestrained, Li Qingzhao's poems are graceful and sad, and Lu You's poems are unrestrained, beautiful and smooth. ...
Second, master several commonly used appreciation terms
1, the common artistic conception: quiet and beautiful, quiet and bright, bright and fresh, magnificent and magnificent, magnificent and desolate, bleak and desolate, lonely and deserted, and so on.
2. Common performance skills:
(1) Rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, contrast, pun, rhetorical question, etc.
(2) Descriptive techniques mainly include: expressing the ambition with things, seeing the big from the small, combining the dynamic with the static, combining the virtual with the real, associating with the imagination, combining the positive with the negative, contrasting and setting off, expressing emotion by liking the scenery, restraining first and then promoting, symbolizing, rendering, sketching and using allusions.
(3) Lyric way: direct (make it clear at the beginning, cut to the chase, make the finishing point) and indirect (lyric in the scene, lyric by borrowing scenery and things).
(4) Language style: To taste the language style of the whole poem, the words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, clear and fluent, multi-purpose spoken language, gorgeous euphemism and implicit, concise and vivid, bold and frustrated ... It needs to be emphasized that when appreciating poetry with these terms, you can't be empty, let alone generalize, and you should "vary from poem to poem".
Third, accumulate different poetic themes.
According to the different themes of poetry, ancient poetry can be divided into scenery-writing (lyric) poetry, chronicle (nostalgia) poetry, pastoral (landscape) poetry, frontier fortress (war) poetry and so on.
1, landscape poetry: lyrical scenery, emotional attachment to scenery, often used to describe the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, express love for the motherland's rivers and mountains, or express leisure mood and express their noble character.
2. Homesickness poems: Narrative lyrical, expressing personal feelings such as farewell, homesickness, sadness and sense of time through the narration of specific events.
3. Poetry: The poet's chanting of a historical event or historical figure has generally been integrated into the poet's unique views, praising people with history, governing history with history, and comparing history with today.
4. Poetry about things: The main feature is to express one's ambition by supporting things. The "things" in this kind of ancient poems all have specific meanings. For example, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony is precious, sunny flowers mean autumn, and so on. Different images have different connotations.
5. Landscape pastoral poetry: writing about rural life and landscapes, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the pioneer of landscape pastoral poetry, Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty was the originator of landscape pastoral poetry, and the school of landscape pastoral poetry was formed in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Chu Guangxi.
6. Frontier poems: describing frontier life and ethnic contradictions. Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan are the representatives of this kind of poems.
Fourth, master the commonly used allusions and images.
The frequent use of allusions in ancient poetry can not only make the language of poetry concise, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, and achieve concise and thought-provoking results. You must master as much as possible after contact and common sense. For example, Wu Lingren, Rotten Ke Man and Lian Po is Old. Some common images in ancient poems have specific uses, such as willow and moon in farewell poems, running water and spring rain expressing sorrow, geese and red beans expressing yearning, and bamboo, orchids, plums and chrysanthemums expressing festivals.