The founder of psychoanalysis: Freud has successively written the Interpretation of Dreams, gladys's Fantasies and Dreams, Da Vinci and One of His Childhood Memories, Dostoevsky and other literary criticism works. Try to find out the relationship between the writer's personality creation from the writer's childhood experience and subconscious.
Psychoanalytic criticism: unconscious theory and depression theory: Freud divided people's spiritual life into two independent parts, namely consciousness and unconsciousness (or subconscious), and a small part between consciousness and unconsciousness is called pre-consciousness. Unconscious content: repressed instinct, the most basic and most important is sexual instinct.
Psychoanalytic criticism: Instinct theory Instinct is an internal psychological need, pursuing satisfaction. The biological instinct of self-preservation and reproduction is stronger than the death instinct of self-destruction Sexual instinct is the most basic instinctive impulse. First, satisfy the principle of happiness, and then consider reproduction. Oedipus complex: children's choice to love their mothers.
Psychoanalytic criticism: dream interpretation theory dreams are psychological phenomena that people seek to satisfy their repressed instinctive desires, including simple dreams and disguised dreams. Trilogy of Structure: Hidden Dream-Dream Works-Dream Manifestation. The work of dreams: concentrating elements-transposing elements-symbolizing vision (sexual symbol)-polishing the whole.
Psychoanalytic criticism: triple personality theory id: true inner psychological reality, following the principle of happiness, eager to find the outlet of instinctive desire. Ego: the social product of rational civilization, following the principle of reality, controlling and suppressing the ego and waiting for the right opportunity. Superego: the morally idealized self, following moral principles and being suppressed by social moral norms.
Psychoanalytic criticism: daydreaming and writer theory Freud believed that literature and art were created by human beings to vent their original desires, so literary works were substitutes for dreams. In his article Writers and Daydreams, he creatively pointed out that the game instinct of human childhood will enter the literary creation activities in adulthood, where he will no longer play, but create fantasies.
Psychoanalytic Criticism: Instinct and Artistic Sublimation Freud said: "Human sexual instinct is the driving force of life, which is extremely active in human life, like underground magma, which is constantly transpiration, impulse and seeking to erupt." The artist's passion is the expression of this subconscious venting motivation. Literary works, like dreams, are only the result of disguised unconscious desires, so we can also interpret literature by interpreting dreams.
The far-reaching influence of psychoanalytic criticism The psychoanalytic theory founded by Freud has had a far-reaching influence on western literature and art since the 20th century. From the stream of consciousness in Irish writer Zhan Mu Joyce's novels to the surrealism of dreams described by Spanish painter Dali, we can see that Freud's research results on "subconscious" and "dream interpretation" are quoted and interpreted in modernist literature and art.
The application of psychoanalytic criticism in film art, so does film. The suspense film Dr. Edward released by Hitchcock 1945 not only directly uses psychoanalysis to interpret the protagonist's psychology, but also allows Dali to draw a background full of eyes for the film. This is the first Hitchcock movie I saw when I was a teenager, which left a deep impression on me.
Psychoanalysis only sees the similarities between literary works and dreams, and the analysis of works only pays attention to psychology, treating artistic works as "real medical records", and it is inevitable to blindly apply psychoanalysis.
The first person to use psychoanalysis in critical practice: Ernst in Britain? Jones (1879— 1958) Ernst? Jones carefully criticized Shakespeare's comments in past dynasties, and then psychoanalyzed the important scenes, dialogues and all the monologues of the protagonist in Hamlet. Make it one of the most important documents to study Shakespeare in the twentieth century.
Analytical Psychology: Jung's explanation of Libido (1875-1961) corrected the shortcomings of Freud's sexualism. He believes that libido is a kind of vitality with broad significance, and sexual desire is only a part of it. Jung denied the existence of baby sexual desire and Oedipus complex. Jung put forward a theory of personality structure different from Freud's. Divide three levels of personality into consciousness, individual unconsciousness and collective unconsciousness.
Psychoanalytic critic of the Freedom Association: Kenneth? Burke, the famous American critic Kenneth? Inspired by Freud, Burke believes that critics can also adopt "variants of free association" in poetry analysis. Burke also made a psychoanalysis of Coleridge's poems according to his revised method.
Critic of structuralist psychoanalysis: French structuralist psychoanalyst Lacan (1901—1981) used the theories of structuralism and post-structuralist linguistics to transform and reinterpret Freudianism in various aspects related to human themes, especially the relationship between unconsciousness and language, and put forward his own.
Fantasy projection psychoanalysis critic: Norman? Holland Holland's psychoanalysis and Shakespeare, The Motive of Literary Reaction, My Poetry: An Introduction to Literary Psychoanalysis, Reading by Five Readers, etc. It is the core work of his critical theory on establishing the relationship between human personality and literary experience. He believes that the content of literary works is the projection of the writer's fantasy.
Since the May 4th Movement, the marriage between literary creation and psychoanalysis has been synchronized with the introduction of theory. For example, some works by Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu. All bear the imprint of psychoanalysis.