On Liu Xie's poem 1. In Ming poetry, what is Liu Xie's unique opinion on poetry creation and evaluation, combined with his works
In Poems of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Xie made a general summary of Jian 'an literature, saying, "At the beginning of Jian 'an, five words carried forward the past and Chen Si, the literary emperor, made great achievements; "Wang Xu should Liu, looking at the road and fighting for it; And pity the wind and moon, pay homage to the pool garden, describe elegance and elegance, tell a hearty banquet, generous, upright and brilliant; Not for subtlety, but for clarity: it's the same. "
"Jian 'an style" has always been a recognized proposition in the history of literature, which generally refers to the bright, hearty and vigorous style of Jian 'an literature (especially five-character poems).
"Wen Xin Diao Long" is devoted to "the character of the wind", which is considered to be the most wonderful and puzzling theoretical proposition of Liu Xie and one of the most outstanding achievements of his theory. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Feng Gu" summarizes "Feng Gu" very succinctly: "To express your feelings, you must start with the wind; Thoughtful words, not before bones. So think of words as bones, such as the skeleton of the body; Love contains wind, and it is still shaped by gas. When the words are straight, the bones become awkward; When the spirit is cool, the style of writing will be clear. " He believes that if rhetoric is too rich and not vivid, then rhetoric is not clear and the tone is weak. "So, people who practice to the bone will be refined in the analysis; Those with deep winds will show their feelings. "
Above, hope to adopt.
2. There is a cloud in Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi": "Ancient poetry is beautiful, or uncle Mei."
Poetry in ancient style
Classical poetry, also known as classical poetry, is opposite to modern poetry. The word "ancient poetry" originated from Liang's Wen Xin Diao Long and Xiao Tong's Zhaoming Wenxuan Wen Xin Diao Long? Ming poem said: "Beauty in ancient poetry, or Uncle Mei." The "ancient poetry" mentioned in this article refers to Nineteen Ancient Poems. Nineteen ancient poems, as beautiful as a beauty, may be said by some people to be the works of Uncle Mei. Uncle Mei, his name is Mei Cheng, which is Mei Cheng's word. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, his colleagues died in Harmony, leaving this garden behind. His son, Mei Bin, is also a poet and lyricist, and his colleague is from Sima Xiangru, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Secondly, there are thirty-seven categories in the Selected Works of Zhaoming, among which "Poetry" is one category, and "Miscellaneous Poems" records nineteen ancient poems, and its name begins here.
3. Liu Xie's view of China's poetry.
First, Liu Xie said in the article "Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming": "Four words in the early Han Dynasty, the first song, the meaning of remonstration, follow the trace of Zhou people. Xiao Wu loves Wen, and "Bailiang" rhymes. He who is strict with horses speaks badly. To the emperor's catalogue, there are more than 300 articles, which are collected by the state and the state. But when they resigned, they couldn't see five words, so Li Ling and Ban Jieyu had doubts about future generations. ..... and the beauty of ancient poetry, or uncle, whose "solitary bamboo" is Fu Yi's word. By analogy, what about the works of the Han Dynasty? Look at his prose, straight but not wild, tactfully attached to things, is the highest of five words. As for Zhang Heng's complaint, the Qing Dynasty was delicious; Fairy poems slow down songs, and elegance has a new voice. " This passage is a simple description of Liu Xie's evaluation and development of literati poetry in Han Dynasty.
Second, Wen Xin Diao Long emphasizes the role of emotion in the whole process of literary creation. It is required that literary creation should "gather together feelings" and advocate "writing for feelings"; Oppose "creating feelings for writing" ("Love"). It is believed that the conception of creation is "feeling" (thinking), the structure is "storing things to respond to feelings" (general art), and tailoring needs "putting feelings in place" (Rong Jian), and even the genre and style of works play an important role. This understanding is quite profound and conforms to the characteristics and laws of literature. Wen Xin Diao Long also has an in-depth discussion and discussion on style and character. In the chapter "Style", Liu Xie inherited and developed Cao Pi's views on style. He believes that the reason for the formation of writer's style is the difference of innate endowment and temperament: "emotion wins"; There is also a difference between acquired learning and dyeing: "Tao dyeing is concise." And various articles are divided into four groups of eight-body, each group has its own positive and negative: "elegance and strangeness, Austria and specificity, complexity and combination;" Strong and light "; However, they are interrelated. "Eight-body is not the same, but it will integrate numbers. If they are in the ring, they will converge. "The author's unbalanced evolution in these eight forms will form his own unique style. Liu Xie's style research had a direct impact on later poems and Twenty-four Poems. On the basis of style theory, Liu Xie especially praised "the character of wind". The word "style" was originally a special term to evaluate the spiritual outlook of characters in the Southern Dynasties. The word "style" in literary theory criticism is derived from here. " "Wind" means that literary works should have strong ideological and artistic appeal, that is, "wind movement" in Preface to Poetry. "Bone" is required to be vigorous and fresh. The theory of "style of character" is not only aimed at the floating style of writing in the Southern Dynasties, but also summarized from the traditional literary theory. The theory of "style of character" had a great influence on the development of poetry in Tang Dynasty. The artistic imagination theory of Wen Xin Diao Long is also incisive. This paper inherits Wen Fu's point of view on this issue, and makes further discussion and development. The idiom "The shape is above the river and the sea, and the heart is below Wei Que" is used to discuss the characteristics of artistic imagination beyond the limitation of time and space: "Therefore, it is silent and thoughtful for a thousand years; Quietly, see Wan Li. " However, he went one step further than Luigi's point of view. He believes that artistic imagination is not created out of nothing, and uses the image metaphor of "extensive knowledge is the food for the poor" to explain that the basis of artistic imagination can only be materials or raw materials in objective life. This view is in line with reality. At the same time, it also puts forward the important viewpoint of "God and things move". "God" means "thinking" and is a common vocabulary in the Six Dynasties, which means that the characteristics of thinking are not rapid; Is it easy for the language to come out? On the copula: "God is unique, so he is unhappy and can't do it." "Things" exist objectively. "Wandering between gods and things" means that a writer can't leave concrete and emotional images in the whole process of artistic imagination, and the two are always organically combined, which is the characteristic of image thinking. "Wen Xin Diao Long" also emphasizes that only when the writer's spirit and psychology are in an "empty and quiet" state can he better gallop his artistic imagination without external interference. The theory of "emptiness and quietness" originated from Taoism, which was further developed by Xunzi and creatively applied by Liu Xie to the theory of literary and artistic creation. When discussing artistic imagination, Wen Xin Diao Long also put forward the viewpoints of "accumulating knowledge to preserve treasures, making decisions to enrich talents, and learning to read books to make poor photos", and emphasized that artistic imagination should have a wide accumulation of daily life knowledge, thus laying a solid foundation for its artistic imagination theory. After Wen Xin Diao Long, the discussion on artistic imagination and thinking in images had an important influence on later generations. For example, Wang Changling said that "God is in things" (Tang Yin Gui Qian, Volume II), Su Shi said that "God is connected with all things" (After the Picture of Lishu Bo Shi Villa), and Huang Zongxi said that "ancient human feelings are inseparable" (Preface to Huang Fuxian's Poems) and other viewpoints are immersed in it. In Wen Xin Diao Long? The article Shensi also expounds the relationship between rhetoric, ambition and language. As far as literary creation is concerned, the problems discussed in Wen Xin Diao Long are: literary exaggeration, structure, tailoring, pragmatism, rhetoric, implication and temperament. In the discussion of these issues, there are also many incisive views. For example, in the aspect of exaggeration, Wen Xin Diao Long not only proposed for the first time that literary creation can not be separated from necessary exaggeration to make the author's performance more prominent, but also advocated exaggeration and restraint and opposed exaggeration and inaccuracy.
4. What are Liu Xie's two famous poems about travel?
Mountaineering is full of emotion, while watching the sea is full of meaning.
It can be seen in "Thinking Twenty-six" that the party is beautiful and invisible. Climbing mountains is full of emotion, while watching the sea is full of meaning. How old I am, I go hand in hand with the wind and cloud.
Fang Han Qi, before he left angrily, almost finished writing the article, and his heart began to fold in half. What is this? It's easy to be curious if the meaning is empty, but it's difficult to be proficient if it's true.
It is to give meaning to thinking, to give meaning to words, and secrets are boundless and sparse. Or reasonable, or just close to the mountains and rivers.
It is based on grasping people's hearts and practicing mental methods, and there is no worries; Including the contract seal, don't bother. People's talent, later speed and differences, writing style, the size of the work.
Like a pen, it rotted, dropped out of school and began to dream. Huan Tan was trapped by hard thinking, Wang expanded and exhausted his thoughts. Zhang Heng studied Beijing for ten years and left to practice a subject. Although the article is huge, it is also slow to think.
Huainan worships Tuosao, and it should be ordered. Zi Jian helps like reciting, and the pen is like a structure. Ruan? Yu wrote a book according to the case, and Mi Heng ate and played. Although there are short stories, he is also quick-thinking.
5. What are the similarities and differences between Liu Xie and Zhong Rong's poetic ideas?
In the article Style, Liu Xie put forward a basic requirement for style: "Style should be distinct, chic and brilliant."
In other words, the style of literary works is required to be "strong and powerful", showing the characteristics of "civilized and healthy" and "rich in talents and soldiers"; And the characteristics of this style are fully discussed.
Zhong Rong emphasized that poetry creation must focus on "wind power" and at the same time "moisten with Cai Dan". Wind Power and Cai Dan are both the best works. In essence, the emphasis here is "Jian 'an Wind Power". Judging from his exposition of "Jian 'an Wind Power" and the examples cited, he set such a standard for "Wind Power": it has the characteristics of generosity and sadness, direct pursuit of nature, emphasis on spirit over form, and clear and concise language style. Zhong Rong's wind theory has become one of the theoretical weapons of Chen Ziang's poetry innovation movement, and its symbol is the weak poetic style that later generations oppose moaning without illness.
Chen Ziang's "theory of character" is intended to advocate the beauty of strength and vitality, so as to call for vigorous literature and meet the needs of the new era. The ideal of poetry advocated by Chen Ziang is recognized by his creative practice, and it has a far-reaching influence day by day. There is a Tang dynasty, which has always been the dominant tendency of poetic theory, advocating the beauty of characters.
Therefore, the above has clearly explained their respective personality qualities. It can be seen that the same place is that they all advocate that whether writing poems or articles, they should not only require gorgeous literary talent, but also pay attention to the conception and spirit of the articles. On this basis, decorate it with colors. For reference.