Small question 1: ① Use a variety of rhetorical techniques (you can also answer one of the three rhetorical techniques of "metaphor," "personification," and "metonymy"); ② Far and near Combination (or "from far to near"); ③ Combination of movement and stillness (or "movement in stillness"); ④ Pay attention to the color of the scene.
Sub-topic 1: ① Lamented the history of the Six Dynasties’ ruling group’s extravagance and dissoluteness that led to their downfall; ② Criticized people for forgetting the lessons of the Six Dynasties’ fall; ③ Revealed dissatisfaction with the Northern Song Dynasty’s inability to work hard to govern.
Small question 1: "Thousands of miles of clear river seems to be practicing, and green peaks are like clusters. I went to sail in the setting sun, with the west wind at my back, and the wine flag stood tilted." A few sentences in the description of the scenery In addition to the rhetorical techniques of answering, we also need to pay attention to the combination of far and near. Far away is "A thousand miles of clear river is like training, sailing to sail in the setting sun", near is "Back to the west wind, wine flags are leaning", as well as the combination of movement and stillness, and the color changes of the scenery. etc., 1 point for each point.
Title 1: This is a nostalgic poem. The technique is to use the past to satirize the present, and the same is true for emotion. Each key point is worth 2 points, and you will get full points if you answer two key points.
Attached is a brief analysis of "Guizhixiang·Jinling Nostalgia":
The first film depicts the scenery of Jinling, and the second film expresses emotion through nostalgia.
The top line of the poem mainly describes the scenery. The author climbed up to the distance in the solemn late autumn atmosphere and saw the most characteristic scenery of Jinling: the thousand-mile Yangtze River is as clear as a piece of plain white silk and satin. The green peaks seemed to be vying to gather together; the sails in the river came and went in the sunset, and the slanting flags of the restaurants on the shore were fluttering in the west wind. Looking far into the distance, various boats and boats appear and disappear in the light clouds where the water and sky are the same color; a group of egrets rise in the sky of Zhouzhu like the Milky Way. Such magnificent scenery is really "hard to draw"!
At the end of the poem, the author's writing style changed and he cut into the theme of nostalgia, lamenting the historical fact that the six dynasties all followed the same mistakes in pursuit of prosperity. The use of the three words "thinking about the past" widens the contrast between time and space, pointing out that the rulers of the Six Dynasties lived a luxurious and dissolute life, so that like Empress Chen, the enemy troops were already approaching the city, and he still had a group of concubines enjoying themselves. (Here "the building outside the door" is an adaptation of Du Mu's "Taicheng Song": "Han outside the door captures the tiger, and Zhang Lihua at the head of the building"). In the end, the monarchs of the Six Dynasties were like a revolving lantern, one after another, their countries were destroyed and their families were destroyed, and their sorrow and hatred continued one after another. The author expressed a deep sigh: For thousands of years, people have climbed high to pay their respects, but they have only lamented the rise and fall in vain. The old events of the Six Dynasties are gone with the passing of the river to the east, leaving only a few wisps of cold smoke and a piece of water. Green withered grass. Finally, the author borrows the poetic meaning of "Business girls don't know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but still sing the flowers in the backyard across the river" in Du Mu's "Po Qinhuai", pointing out that the lessons of the six dynasties' country's subjugation have been forgotten by people. The three sentences at the end refer to the past to satirize the present, and have profound meaning.
This poem is believed to date from the period when Wang Anshi was the prefect of Jiangning. As a great reformer and thinker, he stood high and saw far. This poem expresses his dissatisfaction with the social reality of the Northern Song Dynasty through his understanding of the historical lessons of the Six Dynasties, and reveals his sense of worry in times of peace. At the same time, this poem also has artistic achievements. It embodies the author's literary proposition of "washing away the old habits of the five generations." Although there were a number of famous writers such as Yan Shu and Liu Yong in the Ci world in the Northern Song Dynasty, they did not break through the barrier of "ci is a Yanke", and the style of Ci was weak and weak. Wang Anshi's poem has a broad artistic conception, harmoniously integrating the magnificent scenery and historical content, making it unique. "Remaining Poems of All Dynasties" quoted from "Ancient and Modern Ci": "Jinling nostalgic for the past, more than thirty families sent "Guizhixiang" to the tune, but Wang Jiefu was the last one." Although Wang Anshi wrote few lyrics in his life, this poem is It can be sung through the ages.