The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China, which can be said to be the oldest encyclopedia of folk songs in China. Among them, there is an exquisite collection of works-Zhao Nan Zhuomeiyou, which vividly describes the girl's desire and pursuit of love. This is where the idiom "scored twice" comes from. At that time, plum trees were mostly cultivated for practical purposes, not for flower appreciation. It was not until the early Han Dynasty that plum blossoms were planted in the palace gardens, and variety differences began to appear. "Miscellanies of Xijing" says: "In the distance, trees have different names, including Zhu Mei and Rouge Plum. In the Jin Dynasty, plum blossom has become a symbol of happiness and auspiciousness. The Taiji Hall of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty uses plum trees as beams, and plum blossoms are painted on the beams to show good luck, hence the name "Meiliang Hall". Since this period, plum blossom has become a symbol of friendship. According to "Jingzhou Ji", "Lu Kai made friends and sent plum branches from Jiangnan to Chang 'an and Ye, and presented a poem,' Fold flowers to welcome messengers and send them to leading people. There is nothing in the south of the Yangtze River, so why give it a spring? "Since then," Yizhichun "has become another name for plum blossom, and the friendship between plum blossom and plum blossom has prevailed since then.
He Xun, a poet in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, loved plum blossoms. According to Du Fu's Poems, "He Xun is a fat Cao in Yangzhou, and there are plum trees in the school. When he sang it, he lived in Los Angeles. Please go there again to celebrate the flowers in Fang Shengkai. " The poems he recited were exquisite and fresh, which caused a sensation at that time and was honored as the father of Yongmei, a scholar. But most of his themes are always in my heart, with sighs coming and going, and the tone is sad and lingering. At that time, plum blossoms were also used as decorations for women. For example, in Chen Houzhu's Plum Blossom Fall, there is a saying that "beauty bun early". "Records of Jinling" reads: "Princess Shouyang, female, from Song Wudi, lies under the eaves of the Hall with Chapters on the seventh day of the first month. Plum blossoms fell on her forehead and became five flowers. If she can't get rid of them, she will be labeled as' plum makeup'. " This matter is often mentioned in Yongmei's poems in the future.
Liu Zongyuan's "Dragon City Story" in Tang Dynasty has a beautiful fairy story: Cho Se Ung was from Sui Dynasty and was banished to Luofu. One evening, I got drunk under the big plum tree in Luofu Mountain. At this time, the residual snow is still there, and the moonlight is hazy. Suddenly I saw a woman, wearing light makeup, plain clothes and smelling fragrant. They drank and danced, and when they woke up, they realized it was a dream. Later, in poetry and prose, the metaphor of "Luo Fu Meng" was used to refer to plum blossoms, and language became a code word. By the Tang Dynasty, plum blossom had become the best among flowers, and Yongmei's works had been greatly improved in quantity and quality. Li Bai's "When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood" leads to the idiom "childhood friends". Bai Juyi's "Three Years in Yuhang, Several Drunk Plum Blossoms" takes Mei as his confidant. At this time, Yongmei's poems changed from the sad and touching tone in the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the praise of plum blossom. For example, what are the benefits of Lai Peng's "early occupation"? Cheering with his frost and snow, Miracle's "ten thousand trees are frozen to break, and solitary roots are warm and solitary" are praising the charm of plum blossoms. According to legend, Song Jing, the sage of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, failed in the exam twice as a teenager and was once depressed. One day, I saw a corner of the wall in Gumei. I let go in the cold, inspired me to work hard and finally became famous all over the world.
The Song Dynasty was the heyday of plum blossom cultivation in China. Yongmei's poems are numerous and rich in content, and Meiyuan Collection appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. Chen Xiyan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, collected as many as 800 poems by Yongmei and compiled them into a book. There are more than 130 plum blossom poems sung by patriotic poet Lu You. He is crazy about plum blossoms, and once sighed, "How can it be transformed into hundreds of billions, and a plum flower is in full bloom?" . But there is a poet Lin Bu who is more obsessed with plum blossoms than Lu You. He is willing to be indifferent all his life, living in seclusion in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou, not being an official or marrying, and entertaining himself by planting plums and raising cranes all day long. He is called "Mei Wife Crane". In his poem "Yongmei", people praised "the thin shadow is horizontal and oblique, the water is shallow, and the fragrance wafts at dusk", which is a swan song throughout the ages.
As far as the varieties of plum blossoms are concerned, there were more Jiang Mei and fewer red plums in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, there were not only red plums and green plums, but also apricot plums and Bai Mei, which increased the interest of enjoying plum blossoms. Scenes such as light shadow, drizzle, light smoke, thin cold and light snow will be more charming. For example, Du Xiaoshan's "Plum Blossoms in the Window and Moon are Different" combines the three together to form a beautiful picture, which is particularly memorable to read.
Although the Yuan Dynasty was in turmoil, the trend of Iraq, the United States and Yongmei did not decline. Wang Mian lived in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain, planted thousands of plums, and was famous for painting plums and Yongmei. Yang Weizhen's phrase "Xiang Xuehai dares to produce thousands of flowers, and a tree in the world springs first" has always been popular. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Iraq and the United States had made great progress. At that time, the works such as Qunfangpu, Nongzheng Quanshu and Huajing all discussed the cultivation of plum in detail. Of course, there are many poems by Yongmei. Tang Bohu, known as the "southern wizard", once wrote: "I won't go aboard the imperial boat and stay up for a long time. There are huts outside Gusu, with thousands of trees and plum blossoms. " It is better to enjoy plums than to be an emperor. Jin Nong, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou, also has a special liking for painting plum blossoms. If he is not interested in plum blossoms, he will flatly "don't like flowers, people don't look at them."
Throughout the history of Yongmei's poems, most of them are closely related to the society, culture and poet's accomplishment at that time. Although their connotations are different, they all directly or indirectly reflect the elegance of color, fragrance, wind and rhyme and the noble temperament of iron. Qiu Jin, the heroine of modern women's school, sang the words, "I am a good example, and I have taught wealth and negative feelings", especially on the floor. 196165438+In February, Chairman Mao's "Reading Lu You's Ci, Doing the opposite with it" sang the swan song of "divination operator" and pushed his poetry to a new height. He not only expressed the revolutionary's broad feelings, but also gave great encouragement to future generations. He really never tires of reading, and he will keep reading.