It is characterized by vividly expressing the sorrow of a wandering wanderer for a long time. It uses the writing method of scene contrast very well, puts the lyric hero in a specific atmosphere, and achieves a high degree of unity between subjective feelings and objective environment.
It expresses the bitterness and sadness of a wandering wanderer who misses his hometown in autumn and is tired of wandering.
Tianjingsha Qiu Si was written by Ma Zhiyuan, a writer in Yuan Dynasty.
Original: the old vines are faint, the bridges are flowing, and the old roads are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
At dusk, a group of crows landed on an old tree with withered vines and made a piercing cry. Under the small bridge, the running water tinkled, and a thin horse on the ancient road struggled against the west wind. The sunset gradually lost its luster and set from the west. On a cold night, only lonely travelers wander in the distance.
This song combines a variety of scenery to form a picture of sunset in the autumn suburbs, which makes a wanderer ride a thin horse on a bleak background, revealing his sad mood and expressing the sadness that a wanderer misses his hometown and is tired of wandering in autumn.
This poem is unique, the first three sentences are all composed of noun phrases, and one * * * lists nine kinds of scenery, which is concise and meaningful. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole song. The language is extremely concise but huge, with profound meaning, exquisite structure and ups and downs. It is praised as "the ancestor of Qiu Si" by later generations.
Creative background: Ma Zhiyuan was keen on fame when he was young, but he never succeeded because of the high-handed policy of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. He lived a wandering life almost all his life, and was depressed and embarrassed because of it. So on the journey of wandering alone, he wrote this song "Tianjingsha Qiu Si".
Ma Zhiyuan was undoubtedly influenced and inspired by Dong Qu when he wrote Tianjingsha Qiu Si, but he did not blindly imitate it, but recreated it according to his own life experience and aesthetic vision. In the choice of scenery, in order to highlight and strengthen the sad feelings, he chose the scenery that best reflects the bleak depression in autumn.
Put ten images that can best express travelers' lonely and melancholy feelings into the song, concentrate their feelings in these ten images, and finally reveal the theme of the whole song with a touch of sunshine. He deleted some beautiful scenery, but it was not consistent with the feelings expressed. For example, the thatched cottage reflects flowers, the sunset glow reflects the sunset, and the area is picturesque, which makes the image of the whole song unified in expressing emotions.
On the tempering of words and phrases, Ma Zhiyuan fully demonstrated his talent. The first three sentences are eighteen words, all nouns and adjectives, without verbs. The relationship between various scenes and their respective dynamics and forms depends on the reader's understanding according to the organization and arrangement order of images and his own life experience.
This wonderful way of using words was really rare in ancient times. In Wen's "A Day's Tour on a Good Day", "The cock crows and the moon crows, and the bridge frost is cold and cheerless" is similar to the way of using words in Maqu, but its capacity is still not as large as that in Maqu. The conciseness of the words used in Marqu can't be further reduced. One of the reasons for Jing Tian Sha Qiu Si's artistic success is to express rich emotions with the least language.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tianjingsha Qiu Si