"What is life like everywhere? It should be like Feihong stepping through the snow." Su Shi, who has extraordinary literary talent, was frustrated in officialdom and had a bad career all his life. On the way to being demoted from office, at the bottom of a rough and gloomy life, Su Shi used poetry to constantly resolve his inner worries and anger. Originally, he didn't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but he was only in this mountain. Professor Kang Zhen from the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University tells you about the twelfth episode of the series Su Shi of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, so please pay attention.
Voice-over:
Su Shi was one of the greatest writers in ancient China, and he was proficient in all his poems and songs, especially his ci, which became the highest level representative of Song Ci. Compared with the great achievements in lyrics, Su Shi's poems also have a high standard, "Peach blossoms outside the bamboo, duck prophets warming the spring river"; Famous works such as "I want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, and it is always appropriate to make light makeup and heavy makeup" are well-known and widely circulated, and have been included in contemporary Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for popularization. Among Su Shi's poems, the most well-known one for later generations is "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain". With the spread of this poem, "the true face of Lushan Mountain" has become a common saying. So how was this poem "Title of Xilin Wall" created? What kind of feelings are contained in Su Shi's poems? Professor Kang Zhen from the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University tells you about the twelfth episode of the series Su Shi of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, so please pay attention.
Kang Zhen:
Su Shi is a writer. What we are familiar with is his ci. In fact, we also know that he is a great poet. Su Shi's poem has a great feature, that is, it is always full of strangeness. What is strangeness? Strange is strange, it always has novelty; Interest means that it has great interest and interest, so this strangeness is a very prominent feature of Su Shi's poems.
However, if a strange poem is to be written, it should be rather rugged, not so easy, and it can't be written casually. Therefore, his famous poem about Lushan actually took a lot of trouble, which everyone doesn't know. There is a little history in writing this poem of Lushan Mountain. In the first month of the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong, Su Shi was demoted in Huangzhou for the fifth year. For various reasons, we have already talked about these reasons before. Song Shenzong is such a difficult figure for Su Shi, and his views are a little loose. He just wants to say, don't let him stay in Huangzhou, move him a place, move a place, and be closer to Beijing. In April, Su Shi left Huangzhou after receiving the imperial edict. After he left Huangzhou, because his younger brother Su Zhe was banished to Yunzhou at that time, he discussed with his family at that time. He went to Yunzhou to meet his younger brother after passing through Lushan Mountain, and then turned back to meet his family in Lushan Mountain and Jiujiang, and then went to Ruzhou together.
This time he came to Lushan Mountain, he wanted to have a good tour on the mountain. His good friend Fo Yin and the Taoist Qian, both monks, accompanied him around the mountain. After he went to Lushan Mountain, he found it particularly beautiful, and as we know, Lushan Mountain is not as famous as these mountains in Shi Zhongshan. Lushan Mountain is already famous, and there are many literati in natural dynasties. Poets in the Tang Dynasty and poets before the Tang Dynasty all sang about Lushan Mountain, and Lushan Mountain itself is beautiful, so Su Shi feels that it is necessary for me to write something for Lushan Mountain. He told his friends that I didn't write a poem when I came to Lushan this time. You see, when he came to Lushan, his original plan was not to write anything. However, Su Shi's fame is too great. As soon as he got to the mountain, all the monks in the middle of the mountain knew that the famous Su Zizhan was coming, and then they told each other that Su Zizhan was coming and Su Zizhan was coming. Of course, we haven't seen what the reality is. When Su Shi was excited, he wrote a poem, saying,
A bamboo stick with a pair of shoes hangs a hundred dollars.
it's strange that in the deep mountains, everyone knows the past. -one of Su Shi's
Three Poems about First Entering Lushan Mountain. Oh, everyone in this remote mountain and forest knows me. Going further into the mountains, I was excited and remembered. Hey, didn't I tell my friends not to write at first? Now that we have broken the precepts, let's have another poem. He wrote another poem:
If there is no element in the green hills, we will never meet each other.
if you want to know Lushan Mountain, he was an old friend. -Su Shi's "Three Poems for the First Time in Lushan Mountain" (part 2)
added:
I have been enjoying myself since the past, and I am wandering in the misty room.
Now it's not a dream, it's really in Lushan Mountain. -Su Shi's Three Poems for the First Time in Lushan Mountain
Lushan Mountain is beautiful and colorful. If you want to recognize it all over, unless you are an old friend of it, I have been longing for Lushan Mountain for a long time. Today, when I come here, I feel like traveling in my dream. You see, his understanding of Lushan Mountain went through a process. From the very beginning, he said that he wanted to see the true face of Lushan Mountain, unless he was an old friend who had been friends with it for a long time and had been here many times. It's my first time here, and I still feel like I'm in a dream.
Su Shi was deeply attracted by the beauty of Lushan Mountain, which made him say that he would not write, but at this time, you notice that the poem has not been written yet. Why? You have to walk, and you can only walk with that poem. Isn't this in line with the law of literary creation? Write that without coming. Well, as he walked, it happened that he had a good friend who had passed away. There was a book called Lushan Mountain, which must be the same as now. Su Shi walked with a "travel guide", huh? We have to walk around In this "Lushan Mountain", two poems of the previous generation of poets were recorded. Of course, one is indispensable. "The incense burner in Rizhao gives birth to purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in Qianchuan from a distance. Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days. " This child can recite it, so Su Shi naturally has no problem with this poem. But Su Shi looked down on the second poem, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty named Xu Ning. He wrote this poem called Lushan Waterfall, which specializes in waterfalls. Like Li Bai, they all wrote waterfalls. How do you say this poem?
There is no rest when thunder rushes into the river.
today's ancient times are as long as Bai lianfei, and a boundary is broken by green hills.
—— Xu Ning's "Lushan Waterfall"
It means that this waterfall on Lushan Mountain seems to have been falling from mid-air and thundered into the river. That is to say, this waterfall is very powerful. I feel that as soon as it falls, it splits the green hills in half. Actually, it's quite well written. Bai Juyi also said that the poem was too good to win. What do you mean, it can't be written by him? But in Su Shi's eyes, this poem is not very good. The monk who accompanied him said, Su Xueshi, why don't you sing one? Su Shi said that there was no problem, so he immediately wrote:
The emperor sent the Yinhe Sect to mourn, and in ancient times, there were only immortal words.
I don't want to wash away evil poems with Xu Ning.
—— What does Su Shi mean by
Poem of Playing Xuning Waterfall? It is said that there have been many poems written on Lushan Mountain since ancient times, which was sent to the world by God, but only Li Bai's poems are the best. The waterfall in Lushan Mountain flies down, and its task is not to wash Xu Ning's broken poem clean, but to say that Lushan Waterfall is to take a bath for Xu Ning's poem and turn it into a good poem. Make fun of Xu Ning's poems.
You see, it's nothing yet. I'm already struggling, first with my promise, and then with Xu Ning's poems.
When we went inside, because there were many stone carvings on Lushan Mountain, he, Daoqian and Fo Yin saw an inscription on a big stone during their walk. This inscription was a passage from the Buddhist scriptures. Everyone stood here and looked at it. After reading it, they left. As a result, when he came back, Su Shi asked the people around him, can you still remember what the inscription just wrote? There was a monk named Zishun, whose dharma name was Zishun, and he recited it by heart, 67/1. Everyone is very shocked. This memory is too good and you study so well. What did Su Shi say your law number was? Say my name is Zishun. Su Shi blurted out that "adversity leads to trouble, and shun leads to bodhi". What do you mean? If people are in a bad mood and are not smooth, they will have troubles. If people are in a good mood, bodhi will be born. Bodhi means enlightenment wisdom. Since then, this self-obedience has been called "Shun Bodhi" by his disciples and monks, which is a respectful title for him. What does this mean? In Lushan Mountain, there are not only scenery, but also people, and this person is still a man of understanding.
Further on, I saw a poem carved on a stone. Su Shi thought the poem was well written. At first glance, it was signed by a monk on this mountain, whose name was Kezun. Finally, after Su Shi read it, he didn't know this, so he reconciled the poem. We don't need to read this poem, and we don't need to know this poem by Su Shihe. The problem is that Kezun happened to be on the mountain at that time, and this Kezun monk was quite talented in poetry, but because of this talent, he felt a little arrogant and didn't respect others very much. As a result, he was very happy when he heard that Su Shi and Su Xueshi wrote his poems on the mountain, and "Mao Ji Mao Ji" ran down from the mountain and insisted on seeing him. Su Shi didn't know him at first, but he just wrote this poem, but I didn't expect this man to come running in full head and sweat. As soon as he saw him, he said, Su Xueshi, I still have many poems here, and I want to sing with you. Su Shi doesn't like this style. He and Su Shi recited another poem of his own, but Su Shi didn't respond much. He asked someone to carry a sedan chair and left. He felt that this person was particularly vulgar, and he didn't look like a real poet. This family can still say, hum, Su Shi is jealous of me, he left, he can't compare with me, he protects his shortcomings.
You see, there are all kinds of birds in the mountains, including "good birds" like Zishun and "birds" like Kezun. This is the beauty of Lushan Mountain, with poems like Li Bai, poems like Xu Ning, monks like Zishun and monks like Kezun. It's really beautiful inside.
do you think that poem can be written easily? Not necessarily. Well, come to Lushan Mountain, and everyone has seen it; I also saw the mountain; I also saw the waterfall; Poems were also written, which damaged Xu Ning's poems. There are two places that must be visited, one is Torinji in Lushan Mountain, and the other is sairinji in Lushan Mountain. After seeing Torinji, I will look at sairinji, sairinji, and then I will stop in front of a wall. Su Shi thinks it's time to write something, and then he will dip in thick ink and write a question on the wall:?
when viewed horizontally, the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different.
I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am in this mountain. ?
After writing, Su Shi said, "It's enough to compose Lushan poems". What? I'm done talking about Lushan Mountain. Do you know? This sentence is very important. It will be the final summary about Lushan Mountain, and this is the biggest feeling of my visit to Lushan Mountain this time. We say that Su Shi's poems are interesting. In fact, the first two sentences are very general, which are similar to vernacular poems. "Looking at the side of the mountain horizontally, the heights are different." We can write them, but you can't write the last two sentences. Otherwise, he is Su Shi, and you are not Su Shi. Its strangeness and interest are all behind. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain" is the feeling he had at the beginning of his trip to the mountain. He began to feel like sleepwalking, and he began to feel that it was difficult for people who were familiar with it to fully understand Lushan Mountain, and he didn't know that there were so many different monks in Lushan Mountain, with different understandings, different opinions and different poems. All this made him feel a profound feeling, and it was too difficult to understand the truth. This poem has this advantage. Do you know classical poetry? The first two sentences seem unremarkable. At the third sentence, he jumped up. At this jump, his height was different from yours. You fell down at the third sentence, and he jumped up at the third sentence. Not only did he jump up, but his eyes were wide open. It was very wonderful to see this matter.
Voice-over:
For Su Shi, "the true face of Lushan Mountain" is not only a sensory proposition, but also a philosophical proposition of life. Su Shi should not only explore the true face of Lushan Mountain, but also express his will and explore the true face of life with his poems. The idiom "Snow Mud Claws" that we use from time to time today comes from Su Shi's questioning about the truth of life and from a poem written by Su Shi when he was only twenty years old. So, what kind of poem is this? How did "Snow Mud" and "Red Claw" touch Su Shi's heart?
Kang Zhen:
In fact, Su Shi's poems have a great feature, and he has been exploring the truth and asking for the truth. What truth? That's always trying to figure out what's going on with this guy. Why is he alive? What's so exciting about being alive? What does he mean by this effort? What is the difference between his strength and his lack of strength in the end? I have been pursuing this thing since I was young.
For example, as we all know, he and Su Zhe did very well in the imperial examination, and their scores were very high. Later, both of them did well in the system examination. Then there will be a problem after the system examination. You have to be an official. The court did not stipulate that because you are two brothers, you can be an official in one room. If there is no such thing, the two will have to break up. But Su Xun was in Beijing at that time, so Su Zhe didn't go to be an official for the time being. When he was with his father in Beijing, Su Shi went to be an official, and Su Zhe went to see him off. This was the first time that the two brothers were going to part, and Su Shi felt a lot of emotion in his heart. When he came to Mianchi, Henan, his emotion was even deeper. Why? Because Mianchi was a place that his father passed by when he led his two brothers to Beijing to take the exam from Sichuan to Kaifeng, there was a temple in Mianchi at that time, and they lived here. The abbot's monk was called Master Fengxian, and they also wrote a poem on the wall in the temple. This time, Master Fengxian died, was buried under the tower, and the wall was broken, and the poem was no longer readable. Su Shi wrote a poem:
What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying through the snow.
If fingers and claws are accidentally left on the mud, Hongfei can't count things.
The old monk died and became a new tower, so there is no reason to see the old topic.
remember the rugged past, when the road was long and the donkey hissed.
—— What does Su Shi's
Nostalgia from Mianchi with a Son? "What is life like everywhere?" What is life like? I'll tell you what's going on in life. It's snowing, it's snowing heavily, and it's snowing all over the floor. At this time, a bird flew to the edge and stopped in the snow. I don't know what it was doing. It doesn't matter. The bird stopped in the snow for a while and flew away again. "What is life like everywhere? It should be like flying through the snow." A bird left a few paw prints on this tree, "accidentally left a finger paw print on the mud", because the bird may fly from the east or the west, and you don't know where it came from. Anyway, a bird came, and then left a paw print and flew away. "Hongfei didn't count on anything." The bird flew away, and it was true. After a while, the snow kept falling, and it kept falling. Is there any paw print left? It's gone. It's covered. Has this bird been here? I don't know Yes, you have? Where are the birds? "Hongfei doesn't count things", it's gone, it's gone. Where are the claws? Has it ever stopped? Paws? Paw prints are gone. Has this man been here? Have you been here once? I don't know There is a sense of emptiness and uncertainty, you know? "The old monk is dead and becomes a new tower". Come and see the old monk. Has the old monk come yet? There is only one tower left. What about the poem? It's all gone Do you remember the past? I don't even remember. Life is a process, and you are just a passer-by in this process, so don't be too present.