writing
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing, and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
Xiao Jing, but the clouds change, but she dares to sing with the cold moonlight in her evening.
There is no way to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .
The sentence of scene blending is to rise with the east wind and let a hundred flowers blossom.
Four Untitled Poems by Li Shangyin
-poetry reading notes
Tian Huidong
China's classical poems often rely on the juxtaposition and superposition of imagination to express the relationship and modality. Li Shangyin's lyric poems take this to the extreme. Some of his untitled poems often completely abandon the superficial logical relationship between images. If you don't read his poems deeply, you are really a king kong, and you will encounter obstacles at any time. However, these enigmatic poems, with their beautiful language, complex structure and burning feelings, exude the charm of enigmatic people, which has been passed down through the ages. Poetry critics in past dynasties have been arguing endlessly about untitled poems, either thinking that they are full of charm, or that they are "half full of incense to express anger", or that they have no moral significance and simply write about love. Mr. Liang Qichao said: "I can't understand the words of a mountain poem such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Saint Temple. Take it apart and let me explain it sentence by sentence. I can't even say what it means. But I think it is beautiful, and it gives me a fresh pleasure in reading. " He advised people to respect the mystery of beauty. "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing." This is a kind of everyone's demeanor. Critics have different opinions, and the more debate, the more favorable it is for the spread of Yishan's poems. Let's talk about his feelings about his four "untitled" poems in order to teach Fang Jia.
Four untitled poems look no different from other single and double untitled poems. In fact, these four poems are quite rigorous combinations. It is like a symphony, divided into four movements, which can be independent and interrelated under the same theme.
one
You said you would come, but you didn't come, you didn't leave me any clues,
Better than the moonlight on your tower at five o'clock.
I cry for you to leave forever, I can't wake up yet,
I tried to read your hasty note, but I found the ink was too weak.
Blue burns your candle in its kingfisher feather lantern,
Slightly embroidered with musk deer and hibiscus.
But what I can't reach is the magic mountain,
And you're on the other side, 10 thousand peaks away
This is a smooth and moving lyric poem, with almost no allusions and almost no melody. Because of fluency, it is easy for people to look at the problem literally. Many commentators think this is a story about a lovesick woman who misses her lover. But it doesn't make sense to think about the seventh sentence, so I have to have a sex change operation and compare myself with Liu Lang. In fact, this poem is about the protagonist's lovesickness, and he suffers from loneliness and hopelessness waiting for himself.
One or two words about dreams and promises are just empty talk; When I said go, there was no trace. At this time, it is the time when the moon is slanting and the five-watch bell rings. He blames himself as a lover.
Three or four sentences, still in the dream, the lover drifted in, but was told to leave. The sadness of parting makes the lover choke and struggle to call; A letter written in a hurry cannot be sharpened with ink. Pale as tears, deep as tears.
Five or six sentences, I woke up from my dream, and saw the candlelight inlaid with a golden emerald painting screen, and I smelled musk slightly through the lotus curtain; This kind of light, shadow and stuffy fragrance makes people suffocate and melancholy. Although the dream is sad, it seems to have more room for activities than this lonely and suffocating boudoir. In the dream, maybe he will float in the air.
In seven or eight sentences, the hero sends his heart to the once-in-a-lifetime lover: "Liulang hates Pengshan too far, and I am 10 thousand heavier than Pengshan." The story of Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, who sent people to Penglai to ask for immortals was used to set off his love, showing a noble style and poetry.
The first is the first movement, writing dreams, which symbolizes that life love is like a dream, empty, changing and wandering, but the pain of love is decorated with dreams and more poetic than reality. When I wake up, I'm just some luxurious and heavy vulgar things that make people breathless. Because the hero can't keep the appointment, in addition to his own pain, he is still savoring his lover's situation and pain, and he is even more guilty when he thinks of her sadness.
Although the first poem is written smoothly and naturally, its structure is still tortuous. The melody of the poem is as simple and beautiful as a dream and as changeable as a dream.
Behind the curtain of a deep house, the boudoir is wrapped in gold and jade, and the suffering of lovesickness should be reflected through dreams. Men are relatively free and close to nature, but they miss each other by imagination when they are awake. This is the keynote of the second Untitled Book.
Secondly,
The wind is blowing from the east, misty and rainy,
There was a faint thunder from the wheels on the hibiscus pool.
When the hero (or the poet himself) is alone, he hears the east wind and drizzle outside the window and the light thunder outside the lotus pond. Although the sound of wheels in the rain is no longer like thunder, and nobles rarely go out in the rain, poets can imagine that it is the sound of wheels in the distance. Sitting in this luxurious carriage, it may be a noble lady, or even more likely, "Your voice drowned out the rattle of my carriage?" Prince charming. Hearing and imagination, the east wind, the drizzle and the light thunder outside the lotus pond are connected together, forming a lyrical melancholy and aesthetic artistic conception. At this time, it is best to miss you.
Jin Chan locked the lock and burned incense.
The jade tiger tells the story of the water it is drawing on its rope.
On the surface, the golden toad and the jade tiger have nothing to do with the drizzle, but they present a sense of mystery. Smart readers can be attracted by them, hoping to get hints from the messy collocation. Recite it repeatedly, and you will naturally understand two homophonic words; The "fragrance" in incense burning, the "silk" in the thread, homophonic meaning "acacia". The poet's unspeakable secrets are first hidden from the people he wants to hide, but he can't help but confide them to smart readers. Further down, naturally think this is a matter of lovesickness. The golden toad biting the lock (nose buckle) burns incense in Dantian, which is not the sweet boudoir of ordinary people. At this time, the hero went on a tryst. It was early in the morning, and the maids or housewives were digging wells. He came back safely. This is a secret that can be witnessed by all the people. He and his lover had a heavenly happiness. Now only the bitterness of acacia is left.
There was once a great lady who, behind the screen, preferred a poor young man.
Princess Bi left the pillow to Wei again.
His love can be compared to two historical stories. Jia's daughter caught a glimpse of the handsome man Han Shou behind the curtain, and later developed into an affair; After the princess died, she left a pillow for Cao Zhi to show her loyalty and remorse. This is the first meaning. On the second level, the poet thinks that his youth (named Yishan Shao Jun) and unparalleled talent can be compared with Han Shou and Cao Zhi. The third layer, judging from the sad and melancholy mood of the poem, this is self-injury; Han Shou cheated on Jia's daughter and became the head of the family. He is not as lucky as Han Shou. There is no noble birth and opportunity like Cao Zhi, which makes Luoshen House a bible of love. The story of Cao Zhi and Yu Ji is famous in history and has become the idol of readers for thousands of years. The world doesn't value his Li Yishan's less handsome and genius, and even casts dust on his love, calling him an "evil prodigal son". Live a cowardly life and love cowardly people.
Acacia does not compete with flowers,
Even this bright flame of love will only have ashes? .
This is an epigram. Acacia can't flourish like spring flowers. Burn more and more, and an inch of acacia will be an inch of ash.
The suffering of lovesickness did not make the yearning disappear, and the poet rekindled new hope. He fell in love again, so he summoned up the courage to meet. The sentence "rustling east wind" naturally transitioned to "sentimental spring night"
third
Affectionate spring night,
Watching the night dry for a while.
When I met the right person, it was already late spring.
The sound of the building will be timid,
The curtains are too hard to dry.
Hearing his footsteps upstairs, I felt timid. Seeing the lights in the room, I was afraid to walk over. The more sincere you love, the more you feel timid. This is the poet's respect for love. On the other hand, the poet's timidity is also reflected in the following two sentences.
What a shame to wear a tuxedo,
It's a shame to be in the mirror.
The right person, Yu Yan, is luckier than him. Being close to her makes the poet both envious and ashamed of fear. Lonely Luan can sing in front of the mirror and say goodbye to it to show his heroic loyalty. The poet is ashamed of his appearance, and thinks that even a mirror is right. He has no courage to die, so he is ashamed of the bird in the mirror.
Late return to Hengtang,
Huaxing sends a treasure saddle.
Too late to go home, the beautiful and lonely starlight, accompanied by his lonely pommel horse, left on impulse. I didn't see what I wanted to see, so it's hard to meet. The greater the hope, the greater the disappointment, and the experience of losing hope is more unforgettable than no hope. No one can blame this loss except himself: his sense of inferiority deprived him of the happiness at his fingertips. Judging from the description of the environment, this is not a deep palace, and he can't get in. It's not a folk, and civilians don't have such a climate. It's a bit like the princess's house outside the palace, taking her to practice. Many princesses in the Tang Dynasty invited themselves to become monks, knowing that cultivating immortals was the pursuit of love freedom. The history books are slightly critical of this. At the same time as a mountain, Princess Hachi became a Taoist. "It should be rewarded for * * * three nights. Lou Yu is a water curtain." A mountain sent a poem to a female Taoist priest, who advised the Song sisters and Shao Jun dressed in plain clothes to enjoy the moon. The poet understood that female Taoist priests were also children of the world of mortals. Recalling the arrival of the right person, how regretful he is, maybe he won't dislike him, but will only feel happy!
Fourth.
Mourning politics is followed by urgent treatment,
Cherry blossoms are always hanging on the banks of Yang.
Whether the old lady in the host is married or not,
That day, March and a half,
Princess Liyang is fourteen years old.
Look at the same wall after Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Back to the exhibition, turn to the fifth watch,
Liang Zhongyan smells a sigh.
The four songs of Untitled, from near-body to Yuefu, from flat rhyme to soft rhyme, from lyrical narration with thick strokes and heavy colors to stick figure, from compassion to sadness, are like variations on the theme of a symphony. There are bones and flesh, flowing water and clouds, mourning for kites and closed long lanes, which can be tied to the shore of the black cone to make people injured in spring excited. Spring will go, women will get old and never get married; 14-year-old princess Liyang, as beautiful as flowers and jade, went to the garden with her husband. This situation makes the old and poor beauty feel like a knife, and she can't sleep until the fifth watch. Only Yan Ziliang heard her sigh. Swallows can still be paired, but they are slightly better than poor women.
This poem, which makes no secret of his grievances, obviously hints at his life experience. This is total despair.
The first few twists and turns of love writing also imply the yearning for happiness and ideals, and vaguely reveal the sigh of life experience. All his lovesickness, his love, his hopes and disappointments, and all his pains are summed up in the fourth Untitled, which holds that everything stems from the frustration of his official career. Hu Ling Mao, who used to be close friends with his classmates, may not be as handsome and talented as a poet, but he was once prosperous in his youth. Why? Because he has a father who is a prime minister. He is a princess, and the poet is just a poor old woman. No one loves him, but sighs under the nest.
These four poems, like all the poet's lyric poems, appeal to both refined and popular tastes, with strong contrast and great contrast. With legends and historical stories, you will be brought into a beautiful cultural atmosphere and refined into a series of dazzling and heavy poems with wonderful structure, real life and psychological details. The surface doesn't matter, but the internal connection is inseparable. Even if you don't understand it, you can still feel its beauty and pluck a string in your heart.
Formally, these four untitled poems are breaking the format of classical poems. Poems in the Tang Dynasty are mostly grouped by poetic style. These four untitled poems have different poetic styles, including two poems with seven laws, one poem with five laws and one poem with Yuefu. Their mutual changes in phonology and skills are both different and harmonious. Simplicity and magnificence, tenderness and strength, stagnation and fluency are all connected by a red emotional string. It is disrespectful to divide these four poems into three parts according to their styles.
Critics in past dynasties thought that Yishan's poems were too bitter, despised and cursed by some people, but they did not die out, and they remained vivid and powerful in people's criticism. Some people say that this is because he put on gorgeous clothes for his pain. This is a superficial statement. In fact, the pain in gorgeous clothes is the wine fermented by a resilient soul. A tragic poet gained the courage to live in the process of brewing. He hopes to use his poems to seek bosom friends and understanding from the world and the future. Anyone who reads his poems can, like him, find a balance between the inner world and the outer world, between the individual and the times, and poeticize his feelings, thus increasing the toughness and strength of life and comforting the loneliness of the poet's "blue sea and blue sky".