catalogue
Answering skills in Chinese reading comprehension
Classification of Chinese reading questions
How to improve Chinese reading comprehension?
Chinese reading comprehension skills 1, the function of one sentence in the first paragraph, the function of one sentence in the middle paragraph and the function of one sentence in the last paragraph.
We can answer this question from two aspects:
As for the question in the first paragraph, structurally speaking, it is to get to the point, point out the center of the article, get to the point, and get to the point. Or play a role in causing the following situations; In terms of content, it is the foreshadowing and foil for the following, paving the way for the description of the following content.
The problem in the middle part plays a bridge role in the structure.
The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people remember deeply and take care of the theme.
2. What thoughts and feelings does the article express?
This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, loving, admiring, moving, happy, longing, shock, missing, melancholy, faint sadness, regret, missing relatives at home, or boredom, hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret and so on. Between the lines of the article, we can see the feelings of the general author, some of them may be written more implicitly, and some of them are directly expressed.
3. Summarize the main idea of the article.
For this kind of topic, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer with such key words: "The story of crossing ..., you praised (praised) the author's thoughts and feelings and revealed profound truth ...". We can also find from the article that in every paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often the theme that the author wants to express.
4. What expressions are used in underlined sentences? What's the role?
When we see this type of topic, we must first look at the expression used in this sentence, which is narrative, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Specifically, description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scene description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description. The function of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest.
5. What rhetorical devices are used in a sentence in the text? What's the role?
There are many kinds of rhetoric, and eight kinds are commonly used: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question. Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration and parallelism are the most frequently tested, and metaphor has three functions:
First, make the profound truth simple and help people deepen their body odor;
The second is to make abstract things concrete and easy to accept;
The third is to visualize the summary and give a vivid impression.
The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about things. Using personification to express things you like can make them vivid and make people feel more intimate and natural. Things that show hatred can be ugly and give people a strong sense of disgust.
The function of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things.
The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect. There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful rhyme and catchy to read.
Another rhetoric is quotation. Sometimes, in reading comprehension, poems, celebrity stories and related contents in celebrity language or celebrity works will be quoted. The question will be "What is the function of the quoted content in the article?" When answering this question, we should pay attention to two key words. One is "to contrast the quality of the narrative object and highlight the spirit of the protagonist".
The above questions must be answered in combination with the specific content of the article.
6. What does a sentence in the text mean? Or tell us something profound? Please tell me your understanding.
The answer to this kind of question is not simply to find ready-made sentences from the text. This requires our students to read more and accumulate more at ordinary times, read more and remember some philosophical quotes, so as to truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the answers and accurately express their understanding of the article in their own language.
7. Compare reading comprehension.
Sometimes exams compare articles in class with articles with similar content outside class. For this kind of topic, we can compare the content, writing characteristics and emotional tone of the article.
The above is the answer of the standard question to the narrative. Let's look at the reading comprehension of narrative.
8. Reading comprehension of explanatory texts.
For the reading comprehension of expository texts, we can grasp three points: the explanatory object, the explanatory sequence and the explanatory method. There are three kinds of instructions: including.
Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
The most important thing is to explain the method and its function.
Commonly used interpretation methods include classification, example, analogy, enumeration of data, comparison, definition, interpretation, drawing charts, citing data and so on. Among them, classification, example, analogy, data list, comparison and so on are involved.
The function of classification is to clarify complex things.
Examples can make the content concrete and convincing.
The explanation of analogy is consistent with the metaphor in figures of speech. This method can highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation.
Column data can make what is explained more specific and make it easier for readers to understand the relevant content.
Comparison is similar to rhetorical comparison. When explaining some abstract or unfamiliar things, we can compare them with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression in comparison, and the characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When answering questions about expository language, we should pay attention to the accuracy of the language, and the language style can be divided into plain and vivid.
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Classification of Chinese reading questions 1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
Second, the expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).
Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy and irony.
Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.
5. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.
Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.
Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.
Nine, the method of describing the scenery: the combination of static and dynamic (writing static and moving), the combination of generalization and concrete, from far and near (or by
From near to far)
X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).
XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.
Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.
Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.
Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.
17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.
Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.
20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)
Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.
Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony
Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection.
Twenty-four, others:
(A) the role of sentences in the text:
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(B) the role of rhetoric:
(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: Give a clear answer (when and where) to who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?
Third, the answering skills
First, the overall perception, fast reading skills:
(1) Browse the headlines to understand the basic content: sometimes the headlines imply the main idea, which can inspire the thinking of the article and provide directions for answering questions.
(2) Determine the style (narrative, argumentative, expository and prose) and analyze the key meaning.
(3) Read the beginning and the end carefully and try to figure out the theme: The beginning and the end can often find the center of the author's expression.
Second, the answer source:
A. Select the original text, keywords or sentences in the materials (such as grasping argumentative sentences, lyrical sentences and special rhetorical sentences, key adjectives and verbs in paragraphs).
B. select the main and eliminate the secondary. In other words, summarize the sentences in your own words or materials first, and then merge and condense them, leaving key sentences.
Third, friendly tips:
1 Pay attention to the examination of the questions, understand the intention of the questioner, and answer around the requirements of the questions to prevent irrelevant answers.
(2) Identify the style and answer according to the style knowledge; Answers should be organized and standardized.
3 When opening a topic or talking about opinions and feelings, we must combine the central intention (central argument) of the article to diverge. We can appropriately extract the key sentences in the article to answer, and try our best to sum up the actual feelings and quote relevant famous sayings and aphorisms or American prose.
Fourth, the style of knowledge memorandum:
Explanatory reading
1. Clear explanation object: the explanation object can be:
A. look at the title of the article;
B. Analyze and summarize according to the contents of the explanatory paragraphs.
2. General explanation content: The explanation content of the explanation article can generally be summarized as follows: This article mainly explains the structure, shape, nature, characteristics, changes, reasons, working principles and functions of objects. (depending on what is specified for the object)
3. Make the order clear: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The common logical sequence is:
A. from generalization to concreteness;
B. from the whole to the part;
C. from primary school to secondary school;
D. from phenomenon to essence;
E. from cause to effect;
F. from characteristics to uses.
Generally speaking, the explanation of things adopts the logical order of explanation.
4, clear explanation method:
(1) Description method: a. Definition (mode: what is what); B. examples; C. comparison; D. column number; E. analogy; F. classification; G. column chart
(2) Analyze the function of interpretation methods: a, first indicate the interpretation methods used; B, then contact the description content analysis. What characteristics does this description show?
5. Accuracy of the explanatory language answer specification: A: It cannot be deleted. "_ _" means …, and after it is removed, it becomes …, which affects the accuracy of the explanatory language. (Not in line with the actual situation or too absolute)
6. Clearly explain the structure of the text (as the basis for dividing levels): Common structural modes: total-sub, sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-sub.
Argumentative reading
1, find the right argument: title, beginning, end of the article, obviously need to be concise and summarized. You can also find an argument by analyzing it. Because an argument proves an argument, analyze this argument and see what it proves. This question is an argument. Or analysis of topics, some topics are not arguments, but argumentative topics, and the author's view on the topic is the central argument.
2. Analysis of argument types: factual argument and rational argument. Test center: add an independent variable; (Stick to the argument and choose real and typical examples)
3. Clear demonstration methods: examples, truthfulness, metaphor, comparison and reference.
Use famous sayings as arguments. Metaphorical argumentation refers to the metaphorical rhetorical devices used in argumentation statements. Comparative argument generally needs to find out both positive and negative arguments. Test center: the role of analysis and argumentation: 1. Point out the demonstration methods used; 2. Analyze which viewpoint of the author is proved by this argument method. (Generally, it is the central sentence of this paragraph (the beginning of the paragraph) or the previous sentence of the argument method adopted)
4. Argumentation structure: general structure: asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems (i.e. introduction-theory-conclusion).
5. Analyze the linguistic features (accuracy and generality) of argumentative writing.
6. Argumentative essays generally start with something, a famous saying, a fable, etc. So their role is: as an introduction, lead to the topic.
7. In argumentative writing, rhetorical questions are often used as transitions and rhetorical questions are used to express emphasis.
(1) The function of rhetorical questions is to attract readers' attention, inspire readers to think and make them think.
(2) The function of rhetorical questions (rhetorical sentences): strengthen the tone, emphasize the author's point of view and make people think.
(C) Narrative reading
1, narrative order: direct narrative, flashback and interpolation. Flashback: Write down the ending or the most prominent segment of an event first, and then write down what happened and what happened. Flashback function: Flashback is generally to highlight the center, make the content centralized and sharp contrast, or make the narrative vacillate, or cause structural suspense and myth.
2. Narrative clues are based on time and events (something, change of place, change of feelings, feeling of "me").
3. Narrator: (1) The role of the first person (narrated in the tone of' I') Writing method: Narrating as a party makes the story appear true (as a witness of the story), natural and intimate. (2) Third-person writing is open and full without any restrictions. (3) The second person narration is closest to the reader and makes people feel particularly cordial.
4. Expression: narration, lyricism, description, explanation and discussion.
5. Description methods: there are two categories: character description and environmental description. (1) Detail description of character description (2) Function of environmental description (3) Description of character profile: using other people's reactions and comparison with other characters to express characters.
6. In the narrative with lyrical scenery, it is necessary to sort out the order of scenery writing and find out the observation points (fixed-point observation or changing scenery). (1) Observation angle: look up (hyperopia), look up, look down. (2) Means of observation: sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing. (3) the form of feeling: shape, color, sound, fragrance, taste, light and feeling.
7. Lyric way: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Indirect lyricism generally refers to borrowing scenery to express emotion, embodying feelings in scenery and blending scenes.
8. Artistic features of sex appeal: generally refers to the conception, layout, expression and language features of sex appeal articles (including sex appeal novels). When answering, see if its idea is novel and ingenious; Whether the plot is ups and downs; Whether to use contrast, satire, exaggeration, contrast, seeing the big from the small, trying to promote before suppressing, symbolizing, and making excuses;
9. Prose features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit. Form refers to the structure, god refers to the central means of writing: borrowing scenery to express feelings, embodying feelings in the scenery, and supporting objects to express their aspirations as symbolic means.
10, when answering what is the function of something in the article, you can consider it from three aspects. (1) content, such as deepening the theme and emphasizing feelings; (2) Structure, such as transition and echo; (3) Language, if fascinating and lively.
1 1, the function of punctuation marks: quotation marks: (1) table quotation (2) irony, irony, negation (3) table emphasis (4) dash-only: (1) table explanation (2) table meaning progressive or turning (3) Ellipsis: (1) Omission of table contents (2) Silence or reflection (3) Interruption of predicative words (4) Intermittence of predicative words (5) Incomplete predicative words and meanings.
12. Three elements of a novel: plot, characters and environment. Novel structure: beginning, development, climax and ending (some have behind-the-scenes endings).
13, language characteristics evaluation words: accurate, vivid, vivid, easy to understand, concise, concise, euphemistic, meaningful, infectious and so on.
14. Talk about your opinions or feelings around the article: Answer mode: summarize your opinions or feelings in 1 sentence first, and then talk about the reasons in 2-3 sentences. You can put facts and reason. If the topic has relevant requirements, it should also be combined with personal experience.
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How to improve Chinese reading comprehension? It is best to read widely, be interest-oriented, and combine the bibliography of famous books in Chinese textbooks. Extensive reading, just to understand the general idea, get some understanding, let us think. Thinking is indispensable. Only after thinking about the contents of these books can we internalize our own things. If you don't have this habit, you can cultivate it slowly, such as writing after reading, reading notes, learning and so on.
On the basis of extensive reading, intensive reading can be targeted, and the content of intensive reading should be carefully selected, preferably those recognized masterpieces or articles that readers like very much. Intensive reading is not reading slowly, but reading carefully and thinking deeply, including content, theme, conception, uniqueness, characteristics and techniques.
Summarize the rules and ask why, what content, theme, technique, characteristics, structure, ideas and so on. Mainly use these questions to arouse our thinking. At the same time, it is also necessary to compare with works with the same theme and similar style, sum up similarities and differences, and grasp the law. Sharing one's reading achievements with others, discussing with each other, asking teachers for advice from their elders, etc., will all improve one's reading level. Reading is a long-term process, and only long-term persistence can have obvious effects. I believe that as long as we are full of confidence and enthusiasm, we will certainly make great progress.
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Classification of answering skills and methods in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension;
★ Junior high school Chinese reading comprehension answering skills, teaching you how to get high marks.
★ Summary of the latest methods of junior middle school Chinese reading.
★ Arrangement of problem-solving skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
★ Latest arrangement of answering skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
★ Special review at the end of junior middle school Chinese: classification of modern Chinese reading problem-solving methods
★ Classification of Chinese answering skills in senior one.
★ Summary of answering skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension.
★ A complete book of problem-solving skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension.
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