Wang Anshi's The Wall of Mr. Yin in the Book Lake
Grass eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
Two Poems on Mr. Hu Yin's Wall is a set of poems by Wang Anshi, a writer in Song Dynasty. These two poems are poems on the wall, and the first one is widely circulated. The first two sentences of this poem describe the environment of his home, which is clean and quiet, suggesting the elegance of the owner's life interest; The last two sentences go outside the courtyard, writing about the deep affection of mountains and rivers for Mr. Hu Yin, and using the two allusions of "protecting the fields" and "driving away the wind", turning mountains and rivers into vivid and emotional images. Mountains and rivers take the initiative to meet people, which is a manifestation of people's nobility. The whole poem not only praises the simplicity and hard work of the host, but also expresses the poet's quiet state of mind of retiring and seclusion, and enjoys endless fun from the pastoral landscape and contact with civilians. Although there is no positive description of people in the poem, writing about mountains and rivers means writing about people. The scenery and people care for each other everywhere, and every sentence is closed and melted without trace.
Sentence annotation
(1) book: writing and writing poetry. Mr. Hu Yin: Yang Defeng, a hermit, was a neighbor of Wang Anshi when he lived in Zijinshan, Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) in his later years.
(2) Mao Yan: Mao Yan, which refers to the courtyard. No moss: No moss.
⑶ Ridge shape (qí): Ridge shape and row shape. Border: A field that has been trimmed.
(4) Field protection: This refers to the guards around the garden. "A Brief History of the Western Regions" says: "From Dunhuang to Yanze in the west, there are permanent pavilions and terraces, and there are hundreds of people plowing in Luntai Ditch, guarded by messengers and captains."
5] (tà): Open the door. The biography of Han Fan Kuai said: "Emperor Gao suffers from illness, hates people, forbids sleeping, hates people, forbids sleeping, and petitions households, and does not enter courtiers. Straight into the row. " Lu: Xiaomen. Green: green.
Translation:
The courtyard of the thatched cottage is often cleaned, so clean that there is no moss.
Flowers, trees, rows and ridges are all planted by the owner himself.
A small river outside the courtyard protects the farmland and surrounds it;
Two big mountains open doors to give people green.
The allusion used in this poem is very subtle, and readers don't know the content of the allusion, which doesn't prevent them from understanding the main idea of the poem; The profound and interesting meaning of poetry needs to know the source of allusions in order to understand it more deeply.
The first two sentences praise the tranquility of Yang's compound. "Mao Yan" refers to the courtyard. "Quiet" means clean. How to write it clean? The poet rejects all plain descriptions and only uses the word "no moss", which is really unique. Why do you see it? It is rainy in the south of the Yangtze River and rainy in early summer, which is more conducive to the growth of moss than other seasons. Moreover, moss likes darkness, always grows in secluded places, and is more difficult to sweep than other weeds. Now there is no moss in the yard, doesn't it mean it is everywhere, all the time? Here, the humble image, because of the proper use of words, has an unusually rich expressive force. "Flowers and trees" are the most striking scenery in the courtyard. Because there are many varieties, we should plant them in separate beds. In this way, the word "Chengqi" not only shows the neatness of flower beds, but also strongly implies the richness of flowers and trees, which are both neat and not monotonous.
This quiet environment is intoxicating, so when the poet's eyes move from the flowers and trees in the courtyard to the mountains and rivers outside the courtyard, his thoughts will be so distant and elegant, so the following epigram was born. The scenery in front of the door is a river, a farmland and two green hills. In the poet's eyes, mountains and rivers also have feelings for this noble master. The poet personifies "one water" and "two mountains" into intimate images full of human feelings. Curved rivers surround lush farmland, just like a mother protecting her children with her hands. The words "protection" and "around" seem so affectionate. The castle peak in front of the door saw that the yard was so neat and tidy, and the owner loved beauty so much, and they also rushed to the owner's yard to add color: pushing the door and pushing in, offering a piece of green. The poet left a famous sentence with a stroke of genius.
"One Water" and "Two Mountains" have been transformed into kind images full of life and feelings, which will be told through the ages. But the last two sentences are widely read, mainly because of the following two points: first, personification and description are integrated into one, seamless. The word "one water to protect the field" is "around", and you can see the winding stream and the green farmland around it. Isn't this like a scene where a mother protects her child with both hands? With the word "protection", the expression of "surrounding" is very clear. As for the word "Pailu" before "Song Qing", it is even more ingenious. It not only wrote that the mountain was not only dark green, but also fascinating, but it seemed to pounce on the courtyard! This description gives readers a fresh and vivid aesthetic feeling. It also shows that the distance of the mountain is not far, just in front of Yang's compound, so it looks within reach. What is particularly touching is that the mountains are rushing, as if they had just rushed from a distance, excited and enthusiastic. These all capture the characteristics of the scenery, and all these descriptions are combined with full personification. The mood and purpose are exactly like the scene of "friends coming from afar": I was so anxious that I rushed into the yard to give gifts without knocking at the door. The two blend seamlessly, setting each other off into interest, both strange and natural. It is both tempered and carved, fresh and meaningful, and has a long charm. Second, these two poems also conform to the image of Yang Defeng. In Qianlian, you can already see Mr. Hu Yin who is noble in character and full of interest in life. Living only under the eaves of thatched roofs, he not only "sweeps", but also "sweeps for a long time" (that is, sweeps frequently), so that he is "quiet and without moss"; "Flowers and trees grow beds", not by others, but by self-cultivation. It can be seen that he is quiet and refined, simple and hardworking. Such a noble literati, wandering between mountains and rivers, can certainly appreciate their beauty better than others and feel the closeness of "one water" and "two mountains"; The poet imagines that the mountains and rivers have feelings, and has already forged a profound friendship with Mr. Hu Yin. The theme of the poem is "Mr. Hu Yin's Wall", which is closely linked and cared for everywhere, and also shows the depth of the poet's thought.
The personification of "one water" and "two mountains" in this poem is based on the characteristics of natural scenery and coincides with the specific content of life, so it is full of vitality and has become a famous sentence in ancient and modern times.