At the end of Ming Dynasty, Yuan Hongdao's Miscellaneous Notes on the West Lake include The First Visit to the West Lake, Visiting Six Bridges in the Evening, Visiting Six Bridges after Rain, and Zhang Dai's Memories of Tao An's Dreams, Watching the Snow in the Huting, etc.
Banqiao Painting of Zheng Xie (Zheng Banqiao) in Qing Dynasty.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Xia Mianzun, Xu Zhimo and Lin Yutang wrote The Art of Life, and Liang Shiqiu wrote Essays on Elegant Rooms.
Modern Chen,,,, Yu, etc.
A kind of prose. The word "sketch" originated in the Jin Dynasty in China. It is called "sketch" in the short version of Buddhist scriptures and "masterpiece" in the detailed version. Later, "essays" were collectively referred to as those with free expression and short length.
The so-called "essays" in the 1920s, also known as "essays and essays" or "essays and essays", generally refers to the essays in the literary genre combining poetry, drama and novels. In the first half of 1930s, essays flourished, and newspaper supplements opened columns in succession. 1932 The Analects of Confucius, founded by Lin Yutang in September, was the first magazine to publish essays. At that time, there were different views on the scope of essays. Some still refer to all kinds of literary prose, some focus on miscellaneous prose, and some focus on narrative prose such as lyric prose or sketches. Generally speaking, the so-called "essays" at this time and later refer to those essays with lively forms, diverse contents and short length, which tell some truth in a narrative way or describe a thing vividly and concisely, and are characterized by simple explanation, far-reaching discussion, interest-oriented, and often have a sense of humor and irony.
After 1934, semi-monthly magazines such as Human Life, Taibai, Heart Talk Forest, Essays on Model Articles, Mangzhong and Northwest Wind came out one after another, along with scientific essays, historical essays and humorous essays. People even call 1934 the year of prose or the year of prose magazine. There is a heated discussion about what is an essay, its content, writing method, value and tendency. Lin Yutang advocated that essays should be "self-centered and leisure-oriented" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu), Lin Yutang, Lin Yutang. This idea has been criticized by many people. Lu Xun and others object to treating essays as "knickknacks", emphasizing that essays' quick response to social reality and social functions are "daggers" and "spears" (Lu Xun: crisis of essays). Many chapters in Lu Xun's essays are examples of essays with social significance.
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A kind of prose. Short and flexible, concise, with multiple functions of discussion, lyricism and narration, emphasizing improvisational fragmentary feelings, fragmentary experiences and small experiences. It is a relaxed and free literary form. It prevailed in China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In modern China, the essays of the 1920s are the general names of all kinds of essays, which are roughly equivalent to essays of beautiful essays, essays, miscellaneous feelings and prose poems. In the early 1930s, essays flourished and competed with each other, resulting in opposing creative tendencies and ideological struggles. Lin Yutang and others praised essays in the late Ming Dynasty, advocated humorous essays and casual essays, and regarded essays as a form of personal expression and leisure. Lu Xun and others emphasized the unity of realistic militancy and aesthetic pleasure of essays, advocated life essays, satirical essays, scientific essays and historical essays, and persisted in and developed the direction of modernization, revolution and popularization of modern essays. Since then, essays tend to decline, and essays sensitive to social reality have made great progress. After the founding of New China, the types and styles of essays are increasingly diversified.
References:
Encyclopedia of China
Essay is a kind of short prose with lyrical and ironic meaning. It has a long history and diverse styles in China. There are many prefaces and postscripts, biographies and letters in ancient times. Strong feelings and beautiful and vivid language can be regarded as prose.
Essays are characterized by expressing ideological content mainly through facts and artistic images, with less discussion and more narrative, description or lyric elements. They give people an exposed smile with humorous way, comedy plot and lively and relaxed language, which makes people see the essence of the problem after laughing and make people think deeply.
Nowadays, due to different contents, there are generally satirical essays, current affairs essays, historical essays and scientific essays.
Essays are also another name for essays such as essays and miscellaneous feelings. The satirical essays in essays are essays that satirize the style with humor, criticize wrong ideas and attack decadent things.
Example: the same kilogram of rice
A young man asked a Zen master for advice.
"Master, someone praised me as a genius, and I will make a difference in the future; Some people call me an idiot, and I won't achieve much in my life. In your opinion? "
"What do you think of yourself?" The Zen master asked.
The young man shook his head with a straight face.
"For example, if you look at the same catty of rice with different eyes, its value will be very different. In the eyes of the cook, it only cooks two or three bowls of rice; In the eyes of farmers, the maximum value is 1 yuan; In the eyes of people who sell zongzi, wrapped zongzi can sell for 3 yuan; In the eyes of cake makers, it can be processed into biscuits and sold for 5 yuan; In the eyes of monosodium glutamate manufacturers, monosodium glutamate can be refined and sold for 8 yuan; In the eyes of brewers, it can be made into wine, blended and sold for 40 yuan. However, rice is still that catty of rice. "
The master paused, then said: "The same person, some people hold you high, some people belittle you very low, in fact, you are you." How successful you are depends on how you look at yourself. "
The youth suddenly realized.