Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Wang Wei
The battle of the Warring States is uncertain, and the besieged city will be more chaotic.
Qin Jun sent troops to besiege Handan, but Wang Wei dared not go to the rescue.
Cyndi Wang drove into the city to visit relatives and friends, the more respectful, the more sexy, the more.
The sea is the butcher's knife, and Hou Ying is the gatekeeper of the east gate of Wei's capital.
Hou Ying not only sacrificed for the soldiers, but also was extremely loyal, setting an example for his own destiny.
Hou Ying is willing to repay the kindness of his heart with his life. The 70-year-old man has nothing to ask for.
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Precautions:
Seven males (one country) are still male and female.
You not only generously offer good advice.
Send childe to the wind.
Appreciate:
The inheritance of the theme, including the transplantation and adaptation of the same theme by different literary forms, has a process of re-creation. Wang Wei's "Taoyuan Star" is certainly a successful example, and his "Yimen Ge" is also a masterpiece of a new story.
The theme of this poem comes from Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi, that is, the historical story of stealing symbols to save Zhao. However, from Biography of Wei Gongzi to Yimen Song, there is an important change: the hero of the story has changed from Gongzi Wuji (New Ling Jun) to Yimen chivalrous Hou Ying, thus becoming a hymn mainly praising men in cloth. From an artistic point of view, it is amazing to rewrite the story of more than 2,000 words recorded by Ishikawa into a narrative poem of less than 90 words and reprocess the theme, especially the special skill of "shrinking the dragon into an inch" in cutting and refining.
Poetry * * * 12 sentences, four rhymes, according to the rhyme of their own paragraphs.
"Seven male and eight female or regardless, there will be a lot of siege to kill people. Qin Bing is anxious, and Wang Wei does not save Ping Yuanjun. " Four sentences explain the background of the story. To break it down, the first two sentences are about the Seven Chivalrous Men's hegemony over the world, and the last two sentences are about the origin of "stealing symbols to save Zhao", with bold brushwork and "neat narration" (Yao Nai). The word "how much" vividly shows the situation of siege and chaos in the world. As the saying goes: "In the twenty years of Wei Anli, Qin Zhao Haoqi defeated Zhao Changping's army and invaded Handan (the capital of Zhao State)." The poem only says "surround Handan", but the word "urgency" conveys an urgent atmosphere and shows Zhao's urgent needs. Then compared with the understatement that "Wang Wei didn't save Ping Yuanjun", it showed a feeling of helplessness and despair.
Zhao and Wei are as close as lips and teeth, and (the son of Zhao) is the brother-in-law of Xin Lingjun. No matter from the point of view of justice, "not saving" is unfair. But Wang Wei was afraid of Qiang Qin, tigers and wolves, and didn't dare to send his troops. However, the poem pen suddenly broke here and opened a new line, which was written by corporal Xin Lixian and introduced the protagonist Hou Sheng. "Childe because won to stop xu, hold the bridle more respectful. Hai is a butcher of drum knives and a man of Yimen Pass. "Hou Ying to courtesy, was originally in chi before the siege of zhao, here the other way around. Its function is to temporarily suspend the previous narrative, causing suspense, and at the same time, it uses the method of "cutting" time to form a sense of jumping, which makes the short story have a long sound effect, that is, when the later narrative saves Zhao, it gives the reader a feeling that it has been quite a while. Xin's friendship with Hou Sheng is vividly described in Historical Records. However, many plots in the poem, such as the childe buying wine, driving to meet him personally, and Hou Sheng impolitely letting him come to the door, have been omitted. Facing Hou Sheng's arrogance one-on-one, "the more the son is, the more respectful he is", and the details are highlighted. It also skillfully uses the words "more respect" and "lower" to express a time process (event development process). Omitted plots, supplemented by inspiring readers' associations, have the effect of simplifying the complex. The two sentences are extremely brief, but the next two sentences explain Hou Ying's identity and Zhu Hai, which is not complicated, but surprisingly detailed. "The winner is the one who holds the customs in Yimen" and "I am the butcher in the street" are the original words of the characters in Shi's works. "Touching the words of two great men, the confrontation is natural, and Mo Miao has been recruited" (Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng's Poems), and the way of naming names makes the characters' modality vividly on the paper, which is quite dramatic. The beauty of the two sentences is that they emphasize their humble position, thus highlighting the wisdom and courage of the humble; At the same time, it also highlights the spirit that childe is not proud of wealth. These two men played a key role in the process of stealing symbols to save Zhao, which need not be emphasized. This paragraph is a little more detailed, which is exactly what Taoist Baishi said: "It's a long story, it's easy to say, let it be", which can be described as ingenious.
"Not only give the tower generously, but also give your life. Send your son into the wind, what does a 70-year-old want! " The last paragraph is devoted to Hou Sheng. Like the previous paragraph, it starts from afar and goes back to saving Zhao. "Offering suggestions" refers to the army that Hou Ying plans to steal symbols for the son and get, which is the key to saving Zhao. The phrase "high-spirited" refers to Hou Ying's self-immolation in the north from the day when his son defected to the Jinbijun. The motive of his suicide is that he has believed Ling Jun's understanding, and his life is enough to cut with Shen Yan's knife, so his life is redundant, so the author focuses on this point. The last two sentences are even more surging, which shows that Hou's righteous acts were inspired by his passion. He didn't want to believe Ling Jun, who was bold and heroic, with a strong lyrical atmosphere and has always been told. The two sentences are divided into two parts: Yang Qiaoyu Xie Cheng's Book of the Later Han Dynasty ("Hou Sheng Man Rage") and Jin Shu's "Duan Zhuozhuan" ("What else can a 70-year-old husband want") and let people feel and use things naturally. The first two paragraphs of the poem are interspersed with narration, which has accumulated enough strength, while the last paragraph uses the progressive language of "not only" but also "to push poetry to the peak. Take music as an example, some songs have to be dragged to an end, while others come to an abrupt end outside the agitation. This poem adopts the latter ending. It suddenly ends with a crack, but it feels like a "generous deep valley", which is just right for tragic events.
Telling a story with a beginning and an end, and choosing three important plots to express it, is the artistic success of Yimen Song. Clever combination, refined language and vivid characters. This poem represents Wang Wei's positive and enterprising side in his early years. The Tang Dynasty was an era of political pride for the middle and lower landlord class intellectuals. At this time, it is no accident that a large number of poems praising the ranger appeared. The story of Yimen Song has been newly edited and incorporated with new historical content. Wu Rulun's comments on this poem "Nostalgia for the Past" are insightful.
The ancient poem "Mrs Xi"
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Wang Wei
Don't spoil the present, but forget the past.
With tears in my eyes, I can't see Wang Chuyan.
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Appreciate:
China's classical poems, including Tang poems and narrative poems, are underdeveloped. Modern poetry, in particular, is more difficult to narrate because of the difficulties of space and meter. However, in the development of Tang poetry, there is a phenomenon worthy of attention, that is, although some short poems are extremely limited in space, they still try to reflect some tortuous and complicated events; If these events are traced back to the source and connected, it seems that it takes a long narrative poem to describe them. This is the case with Wang Wei's Five Musts.
Mrs Xi was originally the wife of the monarch in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 680 BC, the king of Chu destroyed the country and took her as his own. Although she gave birth to two children in the Chu Palace, she remained silent and never said a word to the King of Chu. "Don't spoil the present and forget the old kindness" means don't think that your kindness today will make me forget the old kindness. This is like Mrs. Xi's monologue from the heart, and it is like the poet deliberately uses such a weak voice to discourage those violent and greedy rulers. "Don't forget" and "forget" form a negative conditional sentence. It is not enough to buy Mrs. Xi's heart with a new favorite, which reflects the preciousness and unforgettable of the old favor and shows that arrogance and wealth can't completely conquer the souls of the weak. "Seeing flowers full of tears is not * * * Wang Chuyan." The old grace is unforgettable, but the new favorite is actually an insult. In the beautiful Furama Chu Palace, Mrs. Xi looked at the flowers that used to make people happy, but she burst into tears and said nothing to the king of Chu who followed her. "Looking at flowers with tears" is similar to Du Fu's later "where petals flow like tears". Because this sentence only points out the extreme pain of the spirit and tries to exercise self-restraint in silence, but it does not explain the reason for the tears, which has accumulated motivation for the latter sentence. "Yan without * * *" was written after her "tears", and this "wordless" image is particularly profound. This silence contains the defilement of personality and spiritual trauma, which may be the resentment and hatred accumulated in the bottom of my heart. The poet created an image of a woman who was humiliated but silently resisted. In art, it has its own profound and moving place.
Wang Wei wrote this poem, not just to praise history. Tang Mengbang's "Poetry Art" records: "Ning (Xuanzongdi) is expensive, and there are dozens of prostitutes, all of which are superb. There is a wife selling a house on the left side of the house, which is clean in vain. When the king saw that it was his eyes, he was thick-hearted and left his husband, and he cherished it. Huannian asked, "Do you remember the baker?" Silently wrong. Wang Zhao's baker has an appointment with him. His wife stared, tears streaming down her cheeks, as if at a loss. At that time, there were more than a dozen guests on the throne, all of whom were scribes at that time, and all of them were sad. The king ordered to write poems, and Wang Youcheng's poems ranked first, at such a time (press "Mrs. Xi"). ..... Wang Nai belongs to a baker, so his ambition has come true. In contrast, it can be seen that Wang Wei actually summed up some social tragedies like this in just four poems. It is not a narrative poem, but it has a very unusual story, even more tortuous and wonderful than some unremarkable narrative poems. This kind of poem with "novel flavor" is somewhat similar to traditional Chinese opera and can be regarded as an effort of modern poetry to tell stories. Limited by space, it is impossible to tell the story from beginning to end, but it captures or fictionalizes the most conflicting and inclusive moments in the characters and stories, and inspires readers to imagine the whole dragon from one scale. This kind of lyric poetry contains stories and is full of "novel spirit", which was pointed out by Ji Yun when commenting on Li Shangyin's poems in Qing Dynasty. But its origin may be very early. Wang Wei's poems are more than a hundred years ahead. However, Wang Wei's poems are not as numerous as Li Shangyin's, and they are muddy, and the strong lyrical atmosphere masks the spirit of the novel, so the predecessors rarely pay attention to this aspect.