Du Fu (712-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering.
Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
During this period, he traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei) and worked in Luoyang. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old).
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old).
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing. At that time, I dreamed of two poems by Li Bai, and gave Li Bai 20 rhymes at the end of the sky. There are also poems by Gao Shi, Cen Can, Jia Zhi, Yanwu, Zheng Qian, Bi Yao, Xue Zhi and Zhang Biao. At that time, Zangong was still in exile in Qin Zhou, and he tasted the victory of Xizhi Village for Gonggong, because he made a plan to get rich. The thatched cottage was not built, so I went to Tonggu in October. The poems pass through Gu Chi, Tietang Gorge, Yanjing, Xia Han, Fajing Temple, Qingyang Gorge, Longmen Town, Shidong, Jicaoling, Nigong Mountain and Phoenix Terrace. Go to Tonggu and live in chestnut pavilion. Poverty is very beneficial, and it is self-sufficient to pick up oak chestnuts and dig yellow. I lived for less than a month and then went to Chengdu. 1 February1day on the road, passing through Mupiling, Baishadu, Feixian Pavilion, Shiguige, Jubaidu, Jianmen and Reuters Mountain. Arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year and lived in Huanhuaxi Temple. I stabbed Pengzhou when I was in high physical fitness. When I arrived in Chengdu, I sent a poem to ask.
760 Gengzi Su Zongshang (three years) changed yuan in April, and Du Fu was forty-nine years old. In Chengdu. In spring, Buju lives among the flowers in Xiguo. Cousin Wang 15 Sima Yijian, Childe Xu (suspected), Xiao Shi, He Yong and Wei Ban (should be nephews) planted fruit trees in Sanming House, which was completed at the beginning of this year. When Wei Yan lived in Shu, he tried to draw a wall for the public. In early autumn, I made a temporary trip to Xinjin and met Pei Di. I went to Zhou Shu in autumn night and met Gao Shi. In winter, return to Chengdu.
76 1 Xin Chou Su Zong Shang Yuaner, Shi Chaoyi killed Shi Siming. Du Fu is fifty years old. At the beginning of Jucaotang, I went to Xinjin. In February, I returned to Chengdu. In autumn, go to Qingcheng Mountain. Go back to Chengdu At that time, I was ill and had a hard life. Have the idea of moving to another place. In winter, when I arrived in Chengdu, I tasted the thatched cottage with Wang Lun and had another drink.
In July 762, Renyin Suzong Baoying changed to Yuan in April, the emperor and Xuanzong collapsed, and Prince Yu arrived. The poet Li Bai died (70 1-762). Du Fu is fifty-one. I have lived in a thatched cottage since spring in Zhixia. Very close to Yanwu's singing. There are gifts for fighting. In July, I sent Yanwu back to North Korea, took a boat to Mianzhou, went to Jiyi, went ashore and left him. I knew I was against it. I was in Zizhou. At the end of autumn, I went back to Chengdu to welcome my relatives, but I was quite interested in traveling to the east. 1 1 month, I went to Yujingguan, Shehong County, Jin Huashan, looking for the remains of Chen Ziang Reading Hall. He also visited Zi 'ang's hometown in Wu Shan, the northeast county. I visited Guo's former residence in Tongquan County, south of the city, and visited the Xue Ji painting and calligraphy wall of Qingshan Temple. Look at the cranes painted behind the wall of the county government.
In 763, Gui Maodai Zongguang Deyi (the second year of Baoying) was changed to Yuan in July, and Li Huaixian killed Shi Chaoyi in the first month. Du Fu is fifty-two years old. In the first month, I was on the banks of Zizhou and the Yellow River, which were recovered by the imperial army. I wanted to go back to the capital, but I wanted to go east to Wu Chu. I occasionally taste Langzhou (Langzhong, Sichuan) because I visited the temples in Niutou, Doulu and Yi Hui. I went back to Zizi, and I went to Mianzhou because I saw Mr. Xin off. From cotton to catalpa. Go to Hangzhou again. Summer, back to Zizhou. In early autumn, I bid farewell to catalpa and went to Langchang. In September, the housing management was sacrificed. At the end of autumn, I received a letter from home and learned that my daughter was ill because I was in a hurry to return to catalpa. 1 1 month, I will leave the canyon to travel to Wu Chu, so I ordered my brother to occupy Jiao Jiao Caotang in Chengdu.
In 764, Chen Jia's generation was Zong Guangde II, and Du Fu was 53 years old. In the early spring, he went out of the gorge from Zizhou Zijia East and first arrived in Langzhou. The imperial court called Jing Zhao Gong Cao to join the army, and the itinerary was fixed, so it was not called. In February, when I left Langdong, I heard that the military commander of Yan was in Shu town again, and I was overjoyed, so I changed my plan and went to Chengdu. Return to Chengdu in March. In June, Yan was a festival worker, and Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Industry got a fish bag. Autumn, the curtain, quite unhappy, because the poem Yan Wu Shu chest. So I asked for leave and went back to the thatched cottage temporarily. At that time, Cao Ba was in Chengdu and was recommended by Dan Qing. Brother Ying went to qi zhou. At the end of the year, I sent a poem to Jia Zhi for something. This is the year that Yanwu sang the closest.
In 765, in October of the second generation of Zong Yongtai, Du Fu was 54 years old. On the third day of the first month, he resigned from the post of shogunate and returned to Huanhuaxi. I live in a thatched cottage from spring to summer. In May, I took my family south from the thatched cottage. To history (Leshan, Sichuan). June, to Rongzhou (Yibin, Sichuan). From Congzhou to Yuzhou (Chongqing). Wait for the waiter. If it doesn't arrive, go down the canyon first. I went to Zhongzhou (Zhongxian, Sichuan) in autumn and lived in longxing temple Hospital. In September, I went to Yun 'an County (wearing Baidicheng four times). Due to illness, he stayed in Yun 'an and Shui Ge, Yan Mingfu.
In 766, Zongdali was renamed in November, and Du Fu was 55 years old. In spring, in Yun 'an. At that time, Cen Shenfang was a historian and sent him a poem. Spring Festival Evening, moved to Kuizhou. There was a living room in the mountains. In autumn, I moved to Xige. After the autumn, Bai Maolin was the prefect of Kuizhou, and he was quite wealthy. It's a work of reminiscing about an old trip for many years.
767 Ding lives in Dali II, and Du Fu is 56 years old. In Kuizhou. In spring, I moved to Chi Jia from Xige. In March, I moved to a thatched cottage in Lingxi. The house is connected with 40 acres of orchards, several acres of vegetable gardens and several hectares of rice fields, all in the east of Jiangbei. Brother Guan is from Beijing. In autumn, because of the bumper harvest of rice, I temporarily stayed in Dongtun. The righteousness of Wu comes from Zhongzhou, and the sound of Wu lives in Lingxi Caotang. At the right time, I began to renew the idea of traveling to Jingxiang in the east. 10 19, in Kuizhou, I drove Yuan to see Li Shierniang dancing sword. This winter, I am still sick. In autumn, the left ear began to lose hearing.
In 768, Wu Shenchao lived in March and June, and Du Fu was 57 years old. In the middle of the first month, go to the gorge. When I left, I gave it to Nan Qingge in Lingxi Orchard. In March, to Jiangling. Summer is like a foreign city for a while. I stayed in Jiangling for several months, and I was not proud. In late autumn, he moved to Gongan County. In case of Gu Jieshao, Li Jinsu (congratulations to his father) and monk Taiyi, he stayed in the police force for several months. Years old, to Yuezhou.
In 769, Du Fu was 58 years old. In the first month, from Yuezhou to Nanyue, I visited Daolin Temple and watched the Song Wenzhi Wall. I live in Caoqing Lake and Baishayi. Through Xiangyin, I visited the Xiangfuren Temple. Further upstream, I arrived at Shipu in early February and stayed there. After the mouth of Tianjin, the second empty shore. Xu Shi, Su Hua, the second night on the mainland (in Xiangtan). In March, I arrived in Tanzhou (Changsha, Hunan). Fatanzhou, the second Bai Matan, entered Qiaokou. To Tongguan, stop the wind. Send bronze officers to guard the mouth of Xinkang River. The second time I went to Feng Pu, I went to Hengzhou (Hengyang, Hunan). Summer, afraid of heat, back to Tanzhou. When Su Xun lived by the river, suddenly one day, he visited the public on the boat, invited them to recite poems, and rewarded them, so they met. In Tanzhou all the year round.
In 770, Duke Xu became the patriarch in the Five Dynasties and Du Fu died (7 12-770). Du Fu is fifty-nine. In spring, in Tanzhou. On the 21 ST of the first month, I lost my memory. In the second year of Shangyuan, I wrote poems every day. I gave them to Wang Jun and Jing Chaoxian in Hanzhong as a reward. In late spring, I met Li Guinian. In April, avoid chaos into hengchow. I want to go to Chenzhou according to my uncle's Cui Wei. Because I went to Leiyang, when the river rose, I parked in the field and was not allowed to eat for half a day. Nie Lingchi's book is to cook white wine for cattle. I went back to Pakistan in midsummer, took a nap in Tanzhou in autumn, and then traveled to other relatives and friends' homes, back to Hunan, out of Hubei, from Xiangyang to Luoyang, and back to Chang 'an. In winter, I died in Tan Yue and went to Yueyang.
Du Fu was a poet in Tang Dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he was recommended by Yanwu as the festival staff and foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry. Later generations called it Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu.
Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, there are four periods.
From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life. He has roamed wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively. In the meantime, I failed to go to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam. Tianbao and Li Bai have been friends in Luoyang for three years. We broke up the next autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems of Du Fu in this period, most of which are five laws and five ancient poems, represented by Wang Yue.
From five to fourteen years in Tianbao, Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an and was down and out. He keeps buttering up powerful people to get promoted. I have been trying to "move" for six years; In ten years, he presented three articles of "Da Li Fu", which Xuanzong appreciated and ordered the Prime Minister to try; But nothing came of it. It was not until October of the fourteenth year, one month before the Anshi Rebellion, that You Weicai led Cao to join the army. Frustration in official career and personal hunger and cold made him objectively realize the corruption of the rulers and the sufferings of the people, and made him gradually become a poet who cares about the country and the people. The creation has undergone profound and great changes. Immortal masterpieces such as Military Vehicle Shop, Liangwei Road, Qiandi, Houdi, from Beijing to Fengxian, and famous cautionary sentences such as "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death" have emerged. There are about 100 poems handed down in this period, most of which are ancient poems with five words and seven sentences.
From Su Zong to Deyuanzai (756) and then to Gan Yuan (759), the Anshi Rebellion was the most prosperous. Du Fu also experienced hardships, but his creative achievements were enormous. After the fall of Chang 'an, he went north to Lingwu to go to Suzong, but he was caught halfway, trapped by thieves for nearly half a year, and then fled from Chang 'an to Fengxiang Suzong, where he was picked up by Zuo. Soon after, he almost died because of the case of the house. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing as his original post. In May 758, Foreign Minister Zhou Hua Sigong joined the army and bid farewell to Chang 'an. During this period, Du Fu had a clearer understanding of reality, and successively wrote such famous works as Sad Chen Tao, Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Qiang Village, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Guan Fu went hungry and Du Fu was disappointed with politics. After beginning of autumn resigned, he passed through Qin Zhou and Tonggu and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. There are more than 200 poems handed down during this period, most of which are masterpieces of Du Fu's poems.
Du Fu spent eight years and three years in Jingxiang during the period from the first year of Shang Yuan in Su Zong (760) to the fifth year of Dali in Dai Zong (770) 1 1. In the spring of 760, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and lived intermittently for five years. In the meantime, he exiled Zizhou and Langchang. In 765, after the death of Yanwu, Du Fu lost his support and left Chengdu with his family. He stayed in Yun 'an due to illness and moved to Kuizhou the following spring. In 768, he left the gorge, moved to Jiangling and Gongan, and arrived in Yueyang at the end of the year. In the last two years of his life, he had no fixed abode. Wandering between Yueyang, Changsha, Hengyang and Leiyang, I spent most of my time on the boat. In the winter of 770, Du Fu died on a ship from Changsha to Yueyang at the age of 59. Before his death, he wrote a 36-rhyme long poem "Sleeping on the Shocking Boat". There is a sentence that "the blood of the war is still there, and the sound of the military is still moving", and he still thinks about the national disaster. During the period of 1 1, he wrote more than 1000 poems (including more than 430 Kuizhou poems), accounting for five-sevenths of all Du Fu's poems. Most of them are quatrains and metrical poems, and there are also long sentences. His representative works include Song of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Ascending the Mountain, and Revealing Wu Lang again.
Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems. It profoundly reflects the social panorama of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, and vividly records Du Fu's life experience. Closely combine social reality with personal life to realize the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form; Represents the highest achievement of Tang poetry. It is called "the history of poetry" by later generations. However, Du Fu did not narrate objectively, but wrote history with poems. It reflects the reality profoundly and widely, and expresses its subjective feelings through unique artistic means. Just as Pu Qilong said: "Poems of Shaoling are a person's temperament, and things of the Three Dynasties must be sent to others" (reading). Since the late Tianbao period, Du Fu has created a large number of poems on current affairs. Short stories such as Washing Horses, Love, Being the Tao, Three Jueju, Sick Orange, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Appearing as Wu Lang, etc., while novels such as Shuhuai in Kuizhou, Wangzai, Cottage and Mourning have different contents. There are a lot of war themes in Du Fu's poems. Du Fu has different attitudes towards different kinds of wars. Those who oppose the imperial court's belligerence and consume national strength are "Garage Shop" and "Going to the Foot of the Backyard". Two poems, Watching An Xi Soldiers Go to Guanzhong and Stand by, Watching Soldiers and The Year of National subjugation, supported the suppression of rebellion and resistance to foreign aggression. Two groups of poems, Before the Frontier and After the Frontier, not only praised the bravery of the soldiers, but also condemned the insatiable frontier expansion of the king and the arrogance and extravagance of the lords. The confession of a soldier sums up the unfortunate fate of countless brave soldiers. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", the poet sympathizes with the people's sufferings and hates barbaric Latin; However, due to the current situation of the enemy and the shortage of troops, he can only comfort the conscripts with tears. It shows the sharp and complicated contradictions and conflicts in the author's heart. Du Fu has many poems praising nature. The object of singing is often related to oneself and current events, and it is a blend of feelings, scenes and events, not just scenes. The most representative ones are Spring Hope and Sword Gate.
Du Fu also has some poems praising painting, music, architecture, dance, utensils and agricultural production, which also focus on the author's feelings and have the characteristics of the times. There are also some poems in Du Ji, which are not strong in the flavor of the times and indifferent in personal feelings, especially some poems written in Chengdu Caotang. This is the expression of his mood after he got a temporary rest after a long wandering. In his poems, such as Screen Trace, For Agriculture, Tian She, Xu Bu, Heart of Water Threshold, Afterward Tour and Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, the poet has a delicate observation on the dynamics of flowers, trees, birds, animals, fish and insects, and has infinite love and profound experience. It embodies the other side of Du Fu's poetry and life. Du Fu's poems about missing relatives and friends are mostly sentimental and spoony. For example, I miss his wife on a moonlit night, and my brother misses his younger brother on a moonlit night. Among many poems and songs about cherishing friends, the most outstanding one is to commemorate Li Bai. From breaking up with Li Bai to his later years, there were 15 poems that remembered or talked about Li Bai. Showed his admiration and friendship for Li Bai. Du Fu also commented on poetry, and expressed his artistic thoughts of "benefiting from many teachers" and "tailoring for the body" in "Play is six quatrains", "Occasionally Topic" and "Twelve Poems for Relieving boredom" (the fourth to the eighth), abandoning the past and the present and casting macro words. During his stay in Chang 'an and wandering southwest, Du Fu also wrote some poems with boring content and low style, which were dedicated to dignitaries, officials and social parties. There are many five-character poems in it.
Du Fu's poetry system is diverse, with many advantages in choosing poems, diverse styles and innovations. His five-character ancient poems combine feelings, records and feelings in one furnace; Profound and profound, it is impossible to give everything, which opened the realm of the Five Ancient Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty; Representative works include Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian, Northern Expedition, Qiang Village, Gift to Chu Shi, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Seven-character ancient poems are good at stating opinions, with bold and gloomy feelings and strange style; Such as Drunk Songs for Zheng Guangwen, Washing Horses, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sui Yanxing, etc. Five, five-character rhythm poems and seven-character rhythm poems are extremely skilled; The five laws are the longing for spring, reaching Li Bai at the end of the day, traveling later, "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", water sill, going abroad overnight, climbing Yueyang Tower, and the seven laws are Shuxiang and Elymus. The two sides of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army, and Su Fu, Bai Di and five generals. The rhythm of the Tang Dynasty rarely surpassed them. Du Fu also has many five-character poems and several seven-character poems, which have greatly developed the poems. His "Autumn Li Ke Bai Yun" has 1000 words. But Du Fu also heaped up allusions and presented entertainment works. His quatrains are lyrical, reflecting current events, opening up the main body of quatrains discussion, and making great contributions. Du Fu's poems are profound and sincere. The artistic collection and innovative development of classical poetry; It greatly expanded the field of poetry in content and form, and had a wide influence on later generations. Du Fu was also honored as a poet by later generations. Du Fu was down and out all his life, and his poem "Singing hard for a hundred years, not finding a bosom friend" (Du Fu's Southern Expedition). However, after his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems have a profound influence on the literary thought of the New Yuefu Movement and Li Shangyin's modern allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art since ancient times. ..