Ireland's unique historical and cultural heritage makes English literature in Ireland quite different from that in other English-speaking countries. Irish writers who write in English have inherited many characteristics from the ancient Celtic culture, including the exploration of natural mysteries, exaggerated and absurd narrative style, and ironic creative attitude, and so on. Gaelic and English interact with each other, forming a unique Irish English in grammar and style. Most Irish English writers use this dialect-like English to write.
Irish poetry has a long history. The tradition of Gaelic poetry can be traced back to the 6th century. This tradition still plays an important role in Irish poetry creation. Irish English poetry first appeared in14th century, when Irish writers living abroad were the earliest Irish English poets. In the late Middle Ages, with the gradual disintegration of ancient Celtic civilization, many troubadours who wrote in Gaelic disappeared. Gaelic poetry is gradually marginalized. By the19th century, this ancient language could only be seen in folk songs. /kloc-In the 8th century, Irish English poetry ushered in its first golden age of vigorous development, and the first outstanding poets appeared, including jonathan swift and Oliver Goldsmith. /kloc-In the 9th century, English poets in Ireland began to rediscover the Gaelic poetry tradition and translated many ancient poems and myths into English. This trend can be reflected in Ye Zhi's early works. At the beginning of the 20th century, Ye Zhi's style gradually turned to modernism. Under the influence of Ye Zhi, Irish writers' creation presents two different styles: either they pay attention to the ancient Gaelic tradition as in early Ye Zhi, or they approach the modernist style as in later Ye Zhi. Among them, the writers of the second style have higher achievements, including James Joyce and samuel beckett, but they are better at writing novels and plays than poems. Throughout the 20th century, Ye Zhi undoubtedly had a great influence on Irish literature. Some people take him as an example and the object of imitation, while others strongly oppose his style. Important Irish poets in the 20th century include Patrick Kavanagh, seamus Sean and Brian Coffey. Due to the Irish government's support for Gaelic, Gaelic poetry experienced a short revival in the 20th century.
Although ancient Irish epics were written in prose rather than verse, most people still think that the earliest Irish novels were born in18th century. The representative figure of early Irish novel creation is jonathan swift, whose most famous work is Gulliver's Travels. And Oliver Goldsmith, whose masterpiece is The Priest of wakefield. /kloc-In the 20th century, a large number of Irish novelists emerged, including maria edgeworth, John Banim, Jerrod Griffin, Charles Chikam, William Carlton, George Moore, Somerville and Ross. The vast majority of Irish novelists come from the upper class with Anglo-Irish ancestry, and their works generally reflect the taste of the aristocratic class. However, Carlton is a special case. His The Character and Story of Irish Farmers focuses on the life of the lower classes. In addition, the style of braam stock, the author of Devil's City, is also non-mainstream. George Moore lived in Paris for a long time in his early years and was one of the first English writers to absorb French realism in his works. He is regarded as the pioneer of James Joyce, the most famous Irish writer in the 20th century. Joyce is called "the father of stream-of-consciousness literature" by literary circles, and his masterpiece Ulysses is the pinnacle of stream-of-consciousness literature. Joyce's other works include The Awakening of finnigan, Dubliners and Semi-autobiographical Portrait of a Young Artist. Joyce's style influenced the development of Irish literature in the 20th century. Samuel beckett, Brian Onoland and Adam Higgins are all influenced by Joyce's style to varying degrees. Honoran writes in two languages, and his novels have a strong Irish local style, which is particularly evident in his narrative style and the use of irony. Noble literature continued to flourish in the 20th century, represented by Adam Higgins, Elizabeth Bowen and Molly Keane. With the development of Irish national independence movement and the establishment of Ireland, more and more writers from the bottom of society began to emerge. The themes created by these writers are often confined to the lives of the lower middle class and small farmers. Representative figures are Brinsley McNamara and John McGahern. In the 20th century, short stories also developed to some extent. Famous short story writers include Frank O 'Connor and Sean Aurand.
Bernard Shaw Although the written history of Irish drama creation can be traced back to 160 1, it is recognized that the first Irish playwright was william congreve, who was good at writing "Restoration Comedy". Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan were famous dramatists in the18th century, but their works were mainly in London, England. /kloc-Dion Butchkott, a playwright in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, has been creating comedies. However, it was not until the end of 19 that Irish drama really won its international reputation. Writers who won this honor for Irish drama include Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde and Ye Zhi, who founded the Irish Literature Theatre in Dublin on 1899. Bernard Shaw's plays have typical Irish humor and satire style, including The Occupation of Mrs Warren and Back to Mercer Salad. Oscar Wilde is a representative figure of aestheticism literature, and his creative fields include fairy tales, novels, plays and poems. His play Salome is regarded as a model of aestheticism in the field of drama. Later, Ye Zhi founded Abbey Theatre on the basis of "Irish Literature Theatre", and its creative team included Ye Zhi himself, Mrs. Gregory and john singh. Under the influence of the poet Pound, the creation of Abbey Theatre was influenced by oriental mysticism, especially Japanese Nengju. In addition, some plays of Abbey Theatre use Irish dialect in their creation. All these characteristics have exerted an indelible influence on the development of Irish drama. Irish drama continued to flourish in the 20th century, with representatives including samuel beckett, Brendan Behan, Dennis johnstone, Brian Friel, Thomas Kilo, tom murphy, Hugh Leonardo and John Keane. The highest achievement is samuel beckett. Influenced by existentialism, Beckett created a series of postmodern dramas such as Waiting for Godot, which showed the absurdity and nothingness of modern society. Beckett is regarded as the master of the "Absurd School" drama. The creation of Gaelic drama also developed in the 20th century. Founded in 1928, the "Gate Theatre" is dedicated to the creation and dissemination of Huguel's plays, which has exerted a certain influence throughout Europe. Since 1970s, a large number of new theatres have started to rise, and the dominant position of Abbey Theatre in Irish drama field has been challenged. These new theaters include Focus Theatre, Children's Theatre, Druid Theatre and so on. These theaters have trained a large number of excellent playwrights, actors and directors. Nowadays, many people who are active in London, Broadway and Hollywood are from Ireland.
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Swift, the author of Gulliver's Travels, comedians congreve and Xie Lidan, novelist Stern, political commentator and aesthetician Burke, poet, essayist and novelist Goldsmith, and philosopher and essayist Becker all left important works.
In terms of novels, George Moore (1852 ~ 1933), famous for his naturalistic novel Esther Waters (1894), was also an active figure in the Renaissance. But James Joyce (1882 ~ 194 1) really pushed the novel art forward. He used to be an expert in realism, and the collection of short stories Dubliners (19 14) showed his exquisite realistic art. When he came to write the novel Ulysses (1922), he successfully applied the new technique of "stream of consciousness" to Dublin within 24 hours.
The old lady said, "No!" The author Dennis Janston (190 1 ~) expresses some people's disillusionment with the political situation after independence, while his Moon on the Yellow River explores the contradiction between cultural tradition and technological progress. Samuel beckett (1906 ~) and Brandon Beahan (1923 ~ 1964) appeared again in the 1950s. Bihan introduced a new theme. For example, his drama Weirdo (1954) looks at prison life through the eyes of prisoners. Beckett's Waiting for Godot (French version, 1952) has turned a new page in the history of western drama, not only because he wrote the "absurd drama" that shows the absurdity of life, but also because he has the talent to make this kind of drama succeed on the stage without the usual interesting plot or even little dialogue.