"Envoy to the Fortress"
In the spring of the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737), Wang Wei, on the order of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, went to the northwest frontier fortress to condolences Cui Xiyi, the deputy ambassador of Hexi who defeated Tibet. , which is actually being squeezed out of the court. This poem is about the scene of this mission.
The poet wrote about the experience of this mission in concise writing. "I want to ask about the border while riding a bicycle", writing that I am riding a bicycle simply and going to the border to express condolences to the soldiers. How far to go? "The subject country passes Juyan" means going to Juyan, which is far away from the northwest frontier. The mountains are high and the roads are far away, and the poet feels that he is drifting away with the wind like a "Zheng Peng", and he is like a "returning goose" entering Hu Tian. It not only tells stories, but also describes scenes, and conveys subtle and unspeakable inner emotions in the narrative scenes. After a long journey, the poet finally "waited to ride at Xiaoguan", but did not meet the general. After asking, I found out that "the general is guarding Yanran": the general is on the front line at Yanran! The story seems to continue, but the poem stops here abruptly, leaving room for aftertaste.
The poet describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall with vivid pen and ink. "The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, the sun sets in the long river", a famous line with vigorous writing power, powerful artistic conception and broad vision, which was praised by Wang Guowei as "eternally spectacular". Just imagine, the vast desert, only the word "big" can be used to describe its landscape; on this pure, desolate and boundless background, the wisp of white smoke from the beacon tower goes straight into the sky, how eye-catching it is. The word "Guyan" can describe its charm. "Guyan" is followed by the word "straight", which makes the scenery look simple and straightforward, which is straight into people's hearts. "The sun sets over the long river", in the vast desert, there are no mountains or trees, only the Yellow River runs through it. As far as the eye can see, the desert is endless and the Yellow River is endless. The word "long" naturally comes to the author's mind. And above the "Long River" is the round sunset. The word "round" here and the word "straight" in front are both used so realistically and vividly that it is difficult to describe their beauty.
Appreciation of "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river"
These two lines of poetry fully reflect the characteristics of painting in the poem, and pay great attention to the visual sense of the scenery. First of all, it has the same composition as a painting, from the sunset in the sky to the beacon smoke in the sky to the underground river, from the nearby beacon smoke to the sunset in the distance to the endless desert. Although there are not many scenes on the picture, the space is vast. , the levels are very rich. Secondly, it has the same exquisite lines as a painting. On the endless desert, the vertical ones are smoke, the horizontal ones are rivers, and the round ones are sunsets. With just a few strokes, simple lines are used to outline the basic shape of the scenery, which is extremely general. , like an abstract work. Thirdly, these two sentences are also very rich in color. The vast expanse of desert is filled with yellow sand. The orange-red sunset at dusk converges its brilliance and quietly resides in the sky. It reflects the calm and shining white river water. The desert rises. A wisp of white beacon smoke rises straight into the sky, and the majestic and sweeping scenery of the border fortress is as present as before.
In "A Dream of Red Mansions", Xiang Ling said: "The word 'straight' seems unreasonable, and the word 'round' seems too vulgar. When I close the book and think about it, I seem to have seen this scene. If I find two more I couldn't find two words if I changed them." Although she couldn't clearly tell what was so good about these two words, she felt intuitively that they described the solitary smoke and the setting sun very vividly and were irreplaceable. Su Shi commented on Wang Weiyun that "Weimojie's poems have paintings within the poems; Weimojie's paintings have poetry within the paintings", which is really appropriate.
Different understandings of "smoke": Some people think it is beacon smoke, while others think it is cooking smoke.
Wang Yue
How is Dai Zongfu? Qilu is still young
The clock of good fortune is beautiful, the yin and yang cut off the dusk
The chest is full of layers The clouds, the birds returning home from the canthus
When you are at the top of the mountain, you can see all the mountains
This poem is a work of Du Fu. Du Zimei is best at rhythmic poetry, and his antithesis is very neat. .
The first sentence: How about Dai Zongfu, Qi and Lu are still young. It mainly introduces the geographical location of Mount Tai at the junction of Qi and Lu in ancient times.
The second sentence: The bells of nature are beautiful, and the yin and yang separate the dusk. It refers to the natural landscape of Mount Tai. The bells are beautiful. Because the mountain is very high, the scenery on the south and north sides of the mountain are different, just like morning on one side and evening on the other. .
The third sentence: The clouds grow in the chest, and the birds return from the canthus. It talks about the majestic momentum of Mount Tai. The clouds are floating in the mountains, and when you open your eyes, you can see the birds returning late.
The fourth sentence is widely circulated, saying that once you reach the top of the mountain, you can overlook the entire earth, and other mountains will become insignificant.
The whole poem is very powerful, depicting the majestic Mount Tai, showing Du Fu's love for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and also expressing his ambition and spirit to climb the peak.
Red Cliff
The broken halberd sinks into the sand and the iron is not sold, but it will be washed away to recognize the past.
The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply.
1. Translated poem:
In the sand of Red Cliff, there is a broken halberd that is not completely rusted.
I polished it carefully and recognized it as a relic of the Three Kingdoms.
If the east wind had not helped Zhou Yu back then,
then the bronze bird on the high platform would have been locked in the deep spring light,
and the two Qiaos from Jiangdong would have become Cao Gong’s concubines. .
2. Appreciation:
This is an epic poem, which expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said to have a big content and a big theme, but this big content and big theme are It is shown through "little things" and "little things".
The first two lines of the poem start with a small "broken halberd" buried in the sand, recalling the separatist and turbulent era of the late Han Dynasty and the influential figures in the Battle of Chibi. The last two lines describe the fact that "Er Qiao" was never captured. The small things are connected with the big themes of Soochow's hegemony and the three kingdoms, and are written in a concrete and perceptible way.
"Red Cliff", a poem about historical past and nostalgia, seems to be a mockery of Zhou Yu's luck in success. The first two sentences of the poem are inspired by borrowed objects, lamenting the deeds of the previous dynasties. The last two sentences discuss: the battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu's fire attack, if there is no east wind, Soochow will be destroyed early, Er Qiao will be captured, and history will change. The poem's conception is extremely delicate, and the embellishment is diligent.