brief introduction
brief introduction
Historical prose
The concept of historical prose is related to philosophical prose that a hundred schools of thought contend. Philosophical prose focuses on theoretical analysis and debate, without taking notes; Historical prose mainly describes the evolution of historical events, and the earliest historical prose is Shangshu. Shangshu can be divided into modern prose and ancient prose. Jin Wen Shang Shu refers to 29 articles collected by Confucian scholars in the early Han Dynasty after Qin burned books, which were written in the official script prevailing at that time, so it was called Jin Wen Shang Shu. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shangshu written in ancient Chinese characters was found on the bad wall of Confucius' former residence, which was called Shangshu in ancient Chinese. The ancient prose Shangshu has been proved to be a forgery; There are also some debatable chapters in the history books. The contents of Shangshu are mostly oaths, proclamations, noble admonitions and some objective accounts of things. Pan Geng is difficult to read in ancient times, and many original features remain. It mainly describes Pan Geng's three speeches to his subjects when he moved to Yin. Similarly, there are "Da Gao" and "Luo Hao". Gu Ming is a written account of the death of Wang and the ceremony of Kang Wang's accession to the throne. The narrative is clear and orderly, and it has begun to take shape as a note prose.
2. The meaning of ancient Chinese prose
In ancient China, prose belongs to the concept of article, which is a kind of article. Prose is the concept of miscellaneous literature, not literature.
1, prose and article, prose and rhyme-the original meaning of the concept of prose
In ancient China, prose and articles were not the same concept, but prose and poetry were two relative concepts.
The original meaning of the concept of ancient prose-prose is not equal to an article, and prose is opposite to verse.
The graphic representation is as follows:
Since the opening of China's cultural history, there have been two main trends in China's literary world: poetry and writing. Poetry originated very early. Where there are human beings, there is labor, and where there is labor, there is poetry. It can be said that poetry exists in people's mouths and ears before words.
Writing is an article, also called writing.
Prose in pre-Qin dynasty often uses rhyme, and the sentence patterns are scattered or rhymed, and the scattered rhymes are mixed.
3. What's the difference between historical prose and cultural prose?
Historical prose:
The concept of historical prose is related to philosophical prose that a hundred schools of thought contend. Philosophical prose focuses on theoretical analysis and debate, without taking notes; Historical prose mainly describes the evolution of historical events, and the earliest historical prose is Shangshu. There are three types of historical prose, including Guo, Ji, Chuan, Guoyu, Warring States Policy, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Zi Jian, Historical Records, Han Shu, Hou and The History of the Three Kingdoms.
Cultural prose:
Refers to the papers written by a group of scholars engaged in humanities or social sciences that appeared in the 1980s and 1990s. They show distinct cultural awareness and rational thinking color in material selection and writing, and are mostly introverted in style, with deep humanistic feelings and ultimate questioning. They are also called "scholar's prose" or "rational intervention in prose creation", which take care of the object from the cultural perspective, but often show aesthetic style compared with works reflecting history and culture.
Representative writers and works: Yu's Cultural Journey, Fragments of Civilization, A Millennium Sigh, his scholar's kindness, his ungrateful remarks, Han Han's Big Country and Small Town, etc. Their prose creation combines the "reason" of scientific research and the "emotion" of literary creation, and is full of intellectual thinking, cultural concern and personal feelings.
Second, the difference between historical prose and cultural prose:
Similarities:
Many scholars believe that there is not much difference between historical prose and cultural prose. Some historical prose can also be called cultural prose. The reasons are as follows: First, great cultural prose should first take historical events and historical figures as writing objects. Secondly, compared with traditional prose, it is more inclined to write big themes and express big feelings, and the length is generally longer. Thirdly, the vision is broader and more rational, which breaks through the structural model of "Suzhou Garden" in Yangshuo.
Difference:
Chen Jianhui explained that although there are similarities between cultural prose and historical prose, there are also differences. From the perspective of subject matter and theme, cultural prose pays attention to the major subjects in history and focuses on seeking the positive solution of history; Historical prose is more about recording historical events. From the form of expression, cultural prose is more colorful, more literary, more rational and speculative; Historical prose is natural and simple, focusing on historical facts.
4. What are the essays and historical essays of pre-Qin philosophers? The noun interpretation is 1. Prose of philosophers refers to the works of various schools in the Warring States period, which reflects the ideological tendencies, political opinions and philosophical views of different schools.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, "a hundred schools of thought contend and nine streams converge." Representatives of various schools of thought have written books and published their own social and political opinions.
All kinds of philosophers' articles have their own styles. During this period, Confucianism, France, Taoism and Mohism were four important schools.
2. The concept of historical prose is related to philosophical prose. Philosophical prose focuses on theoretical analysis and debate, without taking notes; Historical prose mainly describes the evolution of historical events, and the earliest historical prose is Shangshu.
Historical prose has three bodies, which are divided into "country", "chronicle" and "biography".
The historical function of "historical prose": China's ancient narrative prose occupies a high position in historical works, and its source is in the pre-Qin period.
In particular, mature historical essays formed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period-Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin, Warring States Policy, Yanzi Chunqiu, etc. , has a wide and far-reaching impact on later generations. Sima Qian's Historical Records not only adopted a large number of historical materials of Zuo Zhuan and Warring States Policy, but also absorbed their writing skills and language style.
For example, Zhao Shijia is very similar to Zuo Zhuan, Biography of Ping Yuanjun, Wei Gongzi and Warring States Policy. The criticism of right and wrong in the Spring and Autumn Annals and the spirit of no argot in Zuo Zhuan have been inherited by the good history since Sima Qian and become the writing principles of historians of past dynasties.
Since Sima Qian, historians have been full of praise for him, which is also inspired by Zuo Zhuan. The author of Zuo Zhuan often expresses his views and comments on historical events and figures through the mouth of "gentlemen" or others, which is also inherited by later historians.
The eloquence of strategists in The Warring States Policy directly influenced political writers such as Jia Yi and Chao Cuo in the early Han Dynasty. Famous ancient Chinese writers since the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong, etc. , have studied the historical prose of the pre-Qin dynasty.
Their narratives and biographies are greatly influenced by the historical prose of the pre-Qin period in terms of language and expression. For example, although Han Yu is "Zuo's grandiose", Dong Gong's rhetoric to the stars is very similar to Zuo Zhuan.
Liu Zongyuan was not sad about Guoyu on the so-called "sage's way", but he admitted in his article that he was "deeply impressed" and advocated "participating in Guoyu to enrich its interest" (Comments on Teacher's Way in Liuhe East Collection), Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu. For Su and his son, the influence of the Warring States policy was particularly obvious.
Su Xun's historical theories, such as Quan Shu and Lun Heng, and Su Shi's strategic theories and books, such as Warring States Policy, Ce Bie, Ce Duan and Zhi Lin, all absorbed the beneficial experience of studying Warring States Policy. It can be said that Chunqiu directly inspired the writers of classical Chinese novels in later generations, while Mu Zhuan and Yi Zhou Shu can be regarded as the origins of rap literature in later generations.