Views and Interpretation of The Book of Songs Preface

Preface to Poetry: After the "small preface" of the first poem Guanju, it begins with the sentence of "Feng," and the whole book is called "big preface". The preface expounds the characteristics, content, classification, expression and social function of poetry according to Confucius' Shi Mao Justice, which is a systematic summary of Confucian poetics in the pre-Qin period. It further clarifies the lyric characteristics of poetry and the relationship between poetry and music and dance, and clearly reveals the close relationship between poetry and music and politics of the times. It generalizes the classification and expression of The Book of Songs into the theory of "six meanings", and especially emphasizes the social functions of poetry: "wind and frost on the top, wind and thorns on the bottom", "gain and loss, moving in the world, feeling ghosts and gods, not close to poetry". These thoughts had a far-reaching influence on the creation and criticism of ancient poetry. The Preface to Poetry puts forward six meanings, positive changes and beautiful thorns. The theory of "Six Books" originated from Zhou Li's Six Books. It is generally believed that "style", "elegance" and "ode" are the types of poetry, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the means of expression of poetry. The proposal of "six meanings" has promoted the study and research of The Book of Songs. "The Preface" said: "Poets have ambition. Have ambition in your heart and speak like a poem; Emotion moves in the middle and forms in words. It is not enough to say it, so it is a sigh; Lament for lack, so sing forever; I don't know how to dance with my hands without eternal songs, but I can dance with my feet. Love comes from sound, and sound is written into sound. The vocal music that governs the world, its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. Therefore, gain and loss, movement and the world, feeling and ghosts and gods are close to poetry. The former king was a husband and wife, filial piety, care, education, and changing customs. " This passage puts forward profound views on the relationship between poetry and ambition, ambition and emotion, as well as the artistic characteristics of poetry, involving the relationship between poetry and the times and politics. It is affirmed that poetry that intones temperament has great educational function and enriches the so-called "poetry teaching" And the later Confucian misinterpretation of the Book of Songs often comes from this. The Preface also said: "As for the decline of the king, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the country's foreign policy, and the strange customs of the family, we should change the style and elegance." It is believed that the chaos in the world will produce bitter poems, and the brightness and darkness of politics determine the content of "beauty" and "thorn" in poems. This statement has its rationality, and the establishment of the spirit of beauty thorn and its related tradition of Bi Xing has played a positive role in the development of poetry creation and criticism in later generations. However, the author of Preface to Poetry regards the Book of Songs as an exegetical book and tries his best to give it the meaning of "beauty" and "thorn", but what he said about "beauty" and "thorn" lacks certain standards and is often contradictory. Later, according to the Preface to Poetry, Zheng Xuan divided 265 poems of "National Style and Elegance" into 59 poems of "righteousness" and 206 poems of "change". There was no definite basis, which led to many attached poems. The Preface of Poems gives a lot of explanations to 305 poems, covering up the original intention of many poems, which is its shortcoming. However, The Preface to Poetry is, after all, a summary of Confucian poetics from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, which can be mutually confirmed with some explanations and other related records in the ancient books of the pre-Qin Dynasty. It is indeed well-founded and should be treated differently. Later, he wrote "Poetry Discrimination" and Zhu wrote "Poetry Sequence Discrimination", and their explanations were criticized. The preface of Poems is attached to Shi Mao, and there are only a few singles. "Preface to Poetry" has no volume, and consists of four volumes. It is an old topic, written by Shang Bo of Zhou Dynasty, and published in ancient Chinese in Ming Dynasty. The Preface is 1 volume, with the title of Zhong Xing series in Ming Dynasty, and is the author of Sixteen Kinds of Ancient Confucian Mao Poems. Preface to Poetry (1), with Notes on Poetry Talks (1), Yuan Luling and Luo Complex, published. In addition, twenty-four volumes of The Preface of Poems written by Jiang Xiang-shan in Qing Dynasty were compiled by Jiaqing (both of them were hidden in Hangzhou 8,000 Volume Building). Zhang Shu, a native of Wuwei in Qing Dynasty, wrote 27 volumes of Xiao Xuyi.