Poetry contains the poet's main emotions. With the evolution of the times, there are various forms of expression of poetry. Various forms, highlighting the different styles and characteristics of each era. Let's learn the main forms of poetry together.
Poetry in ancient style
Also known as "ancient poetry" and "ancient style". It is a poetic style relative to modern poetry, which came into being earlier. The number of sentences can be more or less, and there is no limit to the number of words in each sentence. There are four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters, and five or seven characters are often used in later generations. There are no certain requirements for the use of words, and rhyming is relatively free. You can rhyme sentence by sentence, rhyme every other sentence, rhyme to the end, or rhyme a few words. From the dual point of view, you can use all sentences, half sentences, or none at all. The name "ancient poetry" first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, poems that came into being before the Tang Dynasty and were less bound by metrical rules were called classical poems, as opposed to modern poems. Following the theory of the Tang Dynasty, later generations called Yuefu folk songs before the Tang Dynasty, literati poems and poems written by literati after the Tang Dynasty as ancient poems.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Also known as "modern poetry" is a new style of poetry, which appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Mediocre people named it "modern poetry" in order to distinguish it from previous ancient poetry, which is relative to ancient poetry that is not bound by metrical rules. The meter of modern poetry is very strict, including fixed sentences (except arrangement, the number of each poem is fixed), fixed characters (the number of words in each poem is fixed, fixed rhyme (the rhyme position is fixed), fixed words (the level of each word in the poem is fixed) and fixed couplet (the couplet in the middle of rhyme must be correct). Compared with classical poetry, it is more orderly in form and harmonious in rhythm, but more restrictive. Modern poetry can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains.
Metrical Poetry
A kind of poem. The form has certain norms and the phonology has certain rules. If there is a change, there must be a certain format. That is to say, in a metrical poem, every sentence has a certain syllable, and every section (or paragraph) has a certain number of sentences and verses (and the whole poem has no segmentation). This kind of poetry should rhyme or rhyme, or cross-rhyme, or rhyme the whole poem, or change rhyme according to a certain format. In a word, this kind of poem has a certain format in the form of expression. Metric poems are found in ancient and modern times, at home and abroad. Chinese classical metrical poems generally refer to metrical poems and quatrains, and the common forms are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains. There are strict rules on the name tag, the name tag and the number of paragraphs, sentences, words, sentence patterns and rhymes of each song, so it can also be called metrical poetry. European metrical poems are generally one or two lines, each section has a certain number of lines, each line has a certain number of words and pauses, and rhymes, rhymes and rhymes have certain rules.
Lvshi
A modern poem. There are strict rules. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Eight sentences each. According to the number of words, it can be divided into five-character poems and seven-character poems, referred to as five laws and seven laws. In addition, there is exclusion. The rhyme of metrical poems stipulates that no matter the five rhymes, seven rhymes and oblique rhymes, they must rhyme to the end, and no rhyme is allowed. The position of rhyme is fixed, that is, two, four, six and eight rhymes. Whether the first sentence rhymes freely. The first sentence of the five laws does not rhyme, on the contrary, the first sentence of the seven laws rhymes. At the same time, there are strict rules on the arrangement of regular poems, and they also require confrontation. One or two lines of metrical poems are called the first couplet, three or four lines are called the collar couplet, five or six lines are called the neck couplet, and seven or eight lines are called the tail couplet. Among them, the forehead tie and neck tie must be opposite. Duel is dual, such as noun to noun pronoun to pronoun, verb to verb, numeral to numeral, locative word to appositive word, etc.
Quatrain
Poetic style name. Every four sentences are equal to half of the metrical poems, so they are also called "broken sentences" and "broken sentences". There are five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. It is divided into ancient quatrains and modern quatrains. Antique quatrains are a kind of antiquated poems, which are flat and flat, but don't pay attention to flat and flat rhymes. This kind of quatrains appeared earlier. There are four archaic quatrains in the Poem of New Yutai edited by Chen in the Southern Dynasties. Later, someone wrote it, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night and Questions and Answers in the Mountain. Modern quatrains are a kind of modern poems, usually called metrical quatrains, which require the use of parallelism according to metrical rules, paying attention to sticking to the right and limiting rhyme. As for antithesis, the law is by no means as strict as metrical poetry. Whether to use it, whether to use it partially or completely, is free. This kind of quatrains appeared after the rise of regular poems, such as Ping's Dengheque Building and He's Homecoming Couplet Book.
A long metrical poem (usually five characters per line)
A kind of metrical poem. It is arranged and extended according to the format of general metrical poems, so it is called exclusion and long law. The arrangement of metrical poems, like the general metrical poems, should strictly abide by the rules of rhyming in parallel and flat tones, but it is not limited to four rhymes. Each song has at least five rhymes and ten sentences, and more than five sentences. Rhyme (100 sentence) or even 100 rhyme (200 sentences). Except for the first and last couplets, all the couplets in the middle are antithetical sentences, and all sentences should follow the format of flat paste. Due to too many restrictions, it is easy to appear rigid, and there have been few famous articles. The arrangement of five words is generally five words, and seven words are rare. Five-character arrangement evolved from five-character ancient poems in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Although Xie Lingyun's "Looking at the Lake from the South Mountain to the North" and Liang Xin Pi's "The Wind and the Mountain Pond" have a rudiment of arrangement, their systems are short and limited to five rhymes and ten rhymes. After Du Fu, Fang Gao became mature, the system became longer and the melody became more mature. Bai Juyi's Poems on behalf of the Book in the Middle Tang Dynasty sent a little sand as long as 100 rhyme. Han Yu, Yu Jiao, etc. Even using couplets to play long stories (such as "South of the City Couplets") is more skillful in form and less and less in content.