There are more than 140 poems written by Liu Zongyuan, which is one of the few in the Tang Dynasty, but many of them have been handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience, thoughts and feelings, he drew lessons from the artistic experience of his predecessors, exerted his creative talent, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poet representing one school at that time.
Liu Zongyuan's prose is as famous as Han Yu's, as well as Liu Han, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi's in the Song Dynasty. He is the most outstanding essayist in the history of China. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu initiated and led an ancient prose movement in the literary world. They put forward a series of ideological theories and literary ideas.
In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left outstanding works for future generations. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape as an independent literary genre in the history of literature.
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Anecdotal allusions
Liuzhou follows a cruel custom: "No matter men or women, if they use money as collateral, they will redeem it from time to time, and if their sons do the same, they will become handmaiden." Liu Zongyuan issued a decree to "reform the rural law" so that people who become handmaiden can still pay.
The law has formulated a set of measures to release handmaiden, stipulating that the person who becomes a handmaiden can convert his salary according to the working hours during his service to creditors. After the salary is paid off, I will immediately resume my freedom of life and go home to reunite with my relatives. This move was welcomed by the poor and was later extended to counties outside Liuzhou.
Commemoration of future generations
Liu Zongyuan Memorial Hall is located in Liu Hou Park, Liuzhou, Guangxi. It is mainly composed of Liu Hou Temple, Liu Zongyuan's Crown Tomb and Orange Pavilion. Liu Hou Temple was founded in 822 AD, formerly known as Luochi Temple. 199565438+February, named as the patriotic education base of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The "Liu Hou Temple" on the forehead of the main entrance of Liu Hou Temple was inscribed by Guo Moruo, and the couplet on the doorpost was "The landscape returns, and the yellow banana is Dan Li; According to the anthology "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Monument" by Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, the people of Liuzhou expressed their yearning for Liu Zongyuan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Zongyuan
7. Common sense of Chinese and literature.
General knowledge of literature, Unit 1, Volume 1, Grade 7, The Other Side of the Mountain (Wang Jiaxin), poet. The sea in his poems refers to the ideal realm; The mountain refers to many difficulties and obstacles. 2. Go One Step, Go One Step (morton hunt) The philosophy contained in this article: No matter what difficulties and obstacles you face on the road of life, as long as you break down the big difficulties into small ones and solve them one by one, you will eventually overcome the huge difficulties and win the final victory. 3. These two essays-both use the method of expressing their wishes. In addition, the issue of the real name of Hong Kong writer Chen () is also discussed. This article is selected from Lessons Learned by Shell (Xi Murong) Xi Murong, a painter and writer in Taiwan Province Province. There is a collection of poems "Qilixiang" and a collection of essays "There is a Song". This article is selected from Fantasy-Appreciation of Xi Murong's Prose. 4. Wisteria Falls (genealogy). It not only hints at the main content of the article, vividly writes the spectacular scene of wisteria blooming, but also hints at the center of the article, so that the infinite meaning of life can be expressed poetically. Method discussion: How to appreciate beautiful sentences describing scenery? (1) Carefully consider the words used in the sentence. (2) Analyze the rhetoric used in sentences. (3) Try to figure out the emotions between the lines. Beauty lies in the use of words-accurate, appropriate and vivid; beauty lies in rhetoric-metaphor, personification and vivid image; beauty lies in structure-beauty lies in writing-expressing ambition and blending scenes. (Shen Fu is an autobiographical essay. Unit 26. Ideal (Liushahe) Contemporary Poet. This article is selected from the poetry anthology of Liushahe. 7.* Second Prose, Street Tree (Zhang Xiaofeng), 194 1 Born, one of the top ten prose writers in Taiwan Province Province. This article is selected from The First Selected Works of Zhang Xiaofeng (Zhou Sushan Curie). Madame Curie, a famous Polish scientist, won the Nobel Prize twice. 10, The Analects of Confucius, a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It consists of 20 articles. It is one of the classic works of Confucianism. The style of each chapter is as follows: first, quotation (also called epigram), second, dialogue, and third, narrative. The Analects of Confucius is the main material for studying Confucius' thoughts. From the early years of the Han Dynasty to the two thousand years before the May 4th Movement, it has always been a must-read for school children, with great influence. Many sentences in the book are reserved as idioms in modern languages. Confucius introduced Confucius (55 BC1~ 479 BC), and his name was Zhong Ni. He was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He put forward the idea of "benevolence", sorted out ancient classics such as poems and books, and deleted them. Zhu Ziqing (1898- 1948), born in Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. He is a famous modern essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter. His poems and essays include Traces, Background, Miscellanies of Europe and London. This article is selected from the complete works of Zhu Ziqing. (2) Write scenes from different angles in a certain order; (3) Using various rhetorical devices; (4) The description language is accurate and vivid. 12, Winter in Jinan (Lao She) (1899- 1966), a famous contemporary writer and people's artist in China, was originally named Shu Qingchun. His works include: Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Camel's Appearance and Four Generations under One Family. The plays Longxugou and Teahouse are selected from the complete works of Lao She. Language analysis: (1) "This circle of hills is particularly lovely in winter, as if Jinan were put in a small cradle." The author compares Jinan to a baby and the hills around the old city to a "small cradle", vividly describing the loveliness of Jinan. Just wait for the spring breeze to wake them up. "Sleeping" and "waking" are anthropomorphic writing methods, which personify the old city and make it have the feeling and meaning of life, showing the characteristics of "warmth and comfort" in Jinan in winter. (3) "There are some small villages lying on the hillside and some snow lying on the roofs of small villages." Use the word "lying" to describe villages, snow and their appearance. Vivid. Writing exploration: careful observation, grasping characteristics, arranging order, using rhetoric and blending scenes. 13, Summer Feelings (Liang Heng). Classic sentence: the color of spring is cool and green, such as blue waves and tender bamboo, full of hope; The color of autumn is fiery red, such as sunset, such as red leaves, marking the extreme of things. 14 * Qiu (He Qifang) is a modern poet and critic. This article is selected from Prophecy. 15 and five ancient poems, Viewing the Sea (Cao Cao) and Cao Cao (155~220), namely. Qiao Jun (now a native of Bo County, Anhui Province) is famous for his generosity and tragic. This poem is selected from Yuefu poems. The tone of this poem is desolate and generous, and it has always been regarded as the masterpiece of "Jian 'an Style". Wang Wan was born in Luoyang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem is selected from The Whole Tang Poetry. Qiantang River Spring Festival (Bai Juyi) Bai Juyi. Poetry and songs are written by things, emphasizing that form should serve the content. Qin Zhongyin and Xinle Fu condemned the crimes of collusion between eunuchs and buffer regions, which endangered the people and the country. His poems "Cutting Wheat" and "Selling Charcoal Weng" express the author's deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. His narrative poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Travel" are masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Selected from Bai Changqing Collection, Xi Jiangyue (Xin Qiji) and Xin Qiji (1 108) respectively.
3. Ji Xiang Xuanzhi's literary common sense
1. This article is a narrative and lyrical prose. The first characteristic is that he is good at connecting trivial matters with clues, so that the article will not be scattered. Although Ji Xiangxuan is small, broken and dark, it is the place where the author lives for a long time. Times have changed, and things have changed. Only Ji Xiangxuan can arouse the owner's deep and long-lasting memories of past experiences, so the author naturally has a deep attachment to it. This feeling is a clue that runs through the whole article.
The second feature is that he is good at capturing typical details and scenes in life, and using euphemistic and touching language, he portrays the characters like Bi Xiaozhi in a few strokes. The same is true of writing about mothers and wives, especially grandmothers. The author captured the touching scene of grandma visiting and encouraging her grandson to express, which was moving.
2. In this paper, how to euphemistically express the feelings of joy and sadness in scenery and narrative, even in emotional words, is the focus and difficulty of the article. On lyricism in landscape writing. The first half of this paper focuses on scenery, and expresses the author's "how gratifying" thoughts and feelings through the description of scenery. Firstly, this paper briefly describes the pattern, indoor light and furnishings of the restored * * Garden, and also writes the author's modality of "suppressing the noise" and "sitting quietly", which is beyond words.
What is even more gratifying is the beautiful and moving scenery: "The courtyard steps are silent, birds come to peck, and people can't go. In March, the moon is half full, the moon is mottled, the wind is moving, and the fir is lovely." Birds peck, but people don't leave. The environment of Xiangjixuan is really quiet and harmonious. People take birds as their companions and neighbors, which makes people endlessly daydream about a picture of the shadow of laurel trees on a moonlit night, which is more charming and leads people into the wonderful realm of clear flowers and fragrance on a moonlit night. These are vivid descriptions of the scenery and expressions of the author's inner joy and pride, that is, "the most affectionate language." The author melts emotions into the scenery and attracts readers with the images of the scenery, which is subtle and euphemistic.
The narrative of this article is also "the most emotional language". The second half of the article is mainly narrative, in which I pour out my feelings-"so sad." The author creates a sincere and lyrical atmosphere and emotional appeal with every move and word of his loved ones. For example, an old lady tells her mother's past, "The room is adjacent to the boudoir in the west, and the first one was tasted by the old lady", "Somewhere, my mother stood here" and "Mother knocked on the door with her finger and said," Is it cold? Want to eat? " "I responded from outside the board", these seemingly dull and ordinary memories are full of the author's unforgettable grief for his loved ones, "people can't control the trombone."
The memory of his dead wife is particularly famous: "There is a loquat tree in the court, which was planted in his hand when his wife died, and now it is as graceful as a cover." There are no words like sadness and sadness here, but the feeling of sadness and attachment can't be expressed in words. This is silence is better than sound! Meaningful: The author misses his wife all the time after her death for many years. People die, but things still exist. Loquat tree is the continuation of his wife's reassuring love, and her wife is full of loyal love. This love, which combines the author's long-term memory and attachment, is a poetic lyric lens.
4. Jiang Sushi's literary knowledge
Two people have been dead for a lifetime, isolated for ten years, and there is no news. I don't miss it, but I will never forget it. His wife's lonely grave is thousands of miles away, and there is no place to talk to her about her bleak situation. Even if we meet, I don't expect to know each other, because I'm running around, dusty and cold.
Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
In the evening, I suddenly returned to my hometown in a vague dream, only to see my wife dressing at the small window. They looked at each other in silence, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the moon will shine on the grave hill with small pine trees at night in the place where the heart is broken every year.
When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, dressing up; Care for each other without words, only tears thousands of lines are expected to break the heart, and the moon and night are short and loose. 1) Mao Yi: A.D. 1075, the eighth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty.
(2) Ten years: refers to ten years after the death of his wife Wang Fu.
(3) think: miss. "Quantity" should be read as liáng flat sound according to the beat.
(4) A thousand miles: Meishan, Sichuan, where Wang Fu was buried, is far from Mizhou, Shandong, where Su Shi was appointed, so it is called "a thousand miles".
(5) The solitary grave: Meng Jie's "Five Poems of Clever Differentiation" contains a poem presented by Zhang Qikong: "If you want to know the heartbroken place, the bright moon shines on the solitary grave." The tomb of his wife Wang.
(6) "dusty face" describes being old and haggard.
(7) Dreams: Dreams are vague, so clouds dream.
(8) Xiao Xuan window: refers to the window of a small room, entrance: doors and windows.
(9) look.
(10) On the moonlit night, Dwarf Songshan is the place where Su Shi buried his wife, and Dwarf Pine is Dwarf Pine.
5. Ask an expert to explain Xuan Shang.
Xuanshang: that is, Xuanmian, the car clothes of ancient Qing doctors, used to refer to official positions.
Xuan: Xuan car. Crown: coronation suit.
(1). Youche clothing. The tenth poem of Miscellaneous Poems in Jin Dynasty: "I can't stop driving, and Xuan died on the East Cliff."
Former Shu Du Guangting's "Biography of Campus Guests": "A younger sister, with the posture of heaven and man, embodies the art of the world, with her husband's expensive, and her clothes are lofty." Uncle Gao Ming's poem "Re-adjusting the Examination Work" said: "The Xuan is waiting for Dan in the future, which is in harmony with Lingyun School."
(2). Refers to the official position. Don Yuan Jie's Introduction to Officials: "But lovely and lofty, its heart is dry."
Song's "Xie Chu China Pavilion to be Built": "It reminds people of the wrong reasons for regret; Since it has declined, it means that the forest is returning with words. " Bird Yang Hao's "Goat" song: "Piano, book, pen and inkstone are all my lessons. What's the use of hiding when I'm up?" .
Well, it's also on me; Hide, also in me. "(3) Represents a person of high status.
The poem "Luoyang Road" in the Tang Dynasty: "The road is youthful in the daytime, and half a face is under the porch." Wang Songzizhong wrote in his poem "Jumping on the River and Moon": "In the end, it is better to be a monk than a hat, and it will last forever."
Liu Mingxi's poem "Tai Gong Fishing for Wei Tu": "Xuan is as inherent as it is, and it has been thought for thousands of years." Qing Wei Yuan's fifth poem "Villages are mixed and become brothers": "Yao Zuo Shi is willing to suffer when he is farming."
(4) Used as a courtesy title for people. Kang Youwei wrote in the poem "Huai Weng Shu Chang Shang Guo": "I rode my sword early and suddenly wandered under the porch."
6. Some common sense of literature
1 Zhu Ziqing's masterpiece "Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" was originally named Hua Zi, whose words were attached to the poetry collection "Trace" and prose collection "Back" and "You and Me" by famous modern essayists and scholars in China.
2 Suzhou garden author Ye Shengtao. Describe Suzhou garden landscape through classification, examples, analogy, chart and comparison.
The general feature of Suzhou gardens is that tourists must always stand in front of a perfect picture no matter where they stand.
The main features of Suzhou gardens are: 1. Pay attention to the layout of pavilions. 2. Pay attention to the cooperation between rockery and pond.
3. Pay attention to the foil of flowers and trees. 4. Pay attention to the level of near vision
Details of Suzhou Gardens: 1. Corner 2. Doors and windows 3. The use of color.
3 Song Lian (1310-1381), whose real name is Jing Lian and whose real name is Qian, was born in Pujiang (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. 1 paragraph describes his experience of reading as a teenager. A * * has three floors. The first layer is about the hard work of studying when I was young. From the beginning, the article reveals the sharp contradiction between "studious" and "poor at home" "Addicted to learning" means that you like reading, but your family is poor and you can't buy books, so you have to borrow books from others, "take notes yourself" and copy them yourself. This has become a solution to the contradiction. The scene of "taking notes by hand" initially revealed his diligent learning attitude. Then use the scene of copying books in winter to further describe this fighting spirit. "The inkstone is hard in the ice, so your fingers can't bend and stretch." There is hard ice in the inkstone, and your hands are frozen stiff. This refers to both the weather and the poverty of the family. And "inkstone ice" and "finger" are written around the way of copying books. "Lazy" means lazy. This is the contrast between learning attitude and learning conditions, which further highlights the hard work of learning. The author begins with the most difficult winter, which is used to explain that it is the same all year round, and every day is the same, which is very general. The words "go" and "skip" of "go and send it, but don't dare to exceed the appointment slightly" are worth noting. "Walking" means running, and here it means "hurry up". "Send it away", borrow it in person, send it in person, and send it quickly. The word "slightly" emphasizes that he will stick to his promise and never delay, even if it is very difficult. Because of this, people are willing to lend him books, and it is possible for him to "read all the books". The apparent reason for the change from "I can't learn books" to "I can read a lot of books" is "I dare not be a little offside", but in fact it is "I am lazy", which is his learning spirit that is not afraid of hardship. This layer is the skill of writing and reading.
At the beginning of the second floor, the word "Du" is used to inherit the above, and "Du" means adult. Ancient men held a coronation ceremony at the age of 20, tied their hair and wore a hat to show their manhood. The previous layer is about studying hard, and this layer is about finding a teacher. It's a scene of "leaving home for a hundred miles to ask". The so-called "first to reach the countryside" refers to the local learned predecessors. "Looking up the scriptures" means asking for advice with the scriptures. "Hundred Li" means a journey of a thousand Li, which shows the urgency and determination to seek a teacher. This scene was written at three points. The first point is about the strictness of teachers. "First, Delong looked up at the statue and his disciples filled his room", that is, "Delong looked up at the statue". This is a general evaluation, and the scene of students crowding the room is further highlighted. It can be seen that this teacher is indeed knowledgeable and famous. However, even though many people came to ask for advice, the teacher didn't "lower his body a little", and his words and attitude were very serious and not casual at all. This is a contrast technique. The reason why the teacher is strict is to highlight the author's sincerity in seeking a teacher. So the next second point is to write the scene of asking the teacher at ordinary times, "standing by the waiter" and "leaning over the ear", which vividly shows his pious and respectful attitude. The third point is to ask for advice when the teacher is angry. "The more respectful and polite you are, the more you dare not say a word." His attitude is so modest that he dare not speak out. The word "Yu" here is quite vivid. "As soon as the teacher is happy, please ask again." As soon as the teacher is happy, he will continue to ask for advice. This layer is difficult to write.
The third layer is mainly about the hardships of reading. The author chose a specific scene to describe it. "I dragged my feet and walked in the mountains and valleys." "Drag", carrying a book box and dragging shoes, shows poverty; "Deep Mountain Canyon" means that the road is dangerous. Poor winter, strong wind and heavy snow focus on the characteristics of season, environment and climate respectively. "I wonder if my skin is chapped" and "my limbs are stiff and I can't move", which sets off the cold weather and the bitterness of walking. This is a writing line. At the same time, I wrote about food, clothing, housing and transportation, living in a hostel, wearing shabby cotton robes, eating only two meals a day, and having no fresh fish and meat to enjoy. All this shows a "bitter" word. Focusing on bitterness has two purposes: one is to compare "roommates", those rich children who live in the same hotel; The first is to show yourself as a "person with enough fun", that is, inner fun. The author uses verbs such as Bei, Dai, Yao, Pei and Bei to describe the splendor of rich children's costumes and outline their magnificent image. This is a metaphor. The more prominent this metaphor is, the more vivid the following contrast is. "The robe is in the clothes", with bright clothes on one side and tattered clothes on the other. This further highlights the author's shabby appearance. After such a contrast, the author's pen and ink began to turn, revealing the spiritual realm, which shows that he is not envious or ashamed at all. So, why is he like this? Because the "man who has had enough fun" has spiritual comfort and ideological sustenance, he will not compare himself with others in food and clothing. Next, the author ends this chapter with "I am hard-working", explaining that this is just an example, a specific situation, so as to illustrate the general with concrete and sum up many similar situations.
7. What words can be combined with the type of clothes?
1. Red suit [Hongshang] 1, red suit.
"Wake up the world, keep saying, irrigate the garden and meet the fairy in the evening": "The wine is half full, and the woman in red dress gives it to the eighteenth aunt." 2. borrow the United States.
Song Zhuxi's poem "Spring Valley": "The red dress seems to make people drunk, why not open a brocade barrier for the guests?" Second, the green dress [qρng Shang] is blue and black.
Be served by humble people. Also refers to farmers, silkworm girls, maids and so on.
Tang Wang Bo's "Jiu Cheng Gong Fu": "Silkworm is smooth and works in Shangqing; I am grinding spring, thank you. " Don Wang Bo's "Life Book Shucheng Elders": "Golden cream and jade, three thousand diners; Green clothes, ancient philosophers. "
Third, Shang Yue is also called "the more often". Also known as "Cantonese flavor".
The name of the ancient South China Sea. Wang Chong of the Han Dynasty wrote in Lun Heng: "When you become a king, the more often you worship pheasants."
According to Han Jia's Biography, it was cited as "Yue Wei" by Yan Shigu. Han Zhang Heng's Ode to Tokyo: "The north is divided into divisions, and the south is harmonious."
"The Biography of Nan Man in the Later Han Dynasty": "To the south of the toes, there is a country that worships the moon. Zhou Gongju was photographed for six years, and the ritual and music system made the world peaceful. Shang Yue presented a pheasant with a retranslation of three images. "
Your legend by Du Fu of Tang Dynasty: "Jade is nowhere to be heard, and the Pearl of the South China Sea has been lonely for a long time." Tang Yin's poem "Bai Yan" in the Ming Dynasty: "Those who know, Han Zuogui."
Fourth, the wedding clothes [jiyιShang] clothes when getting married. Tang Qin Yu Tao's poem "Poor Girl": "Year after year, she sewed gold thread on the wedding dress for other girls."
Song Chen Shidao's poem on the back of the mountain: "A doctor with a long life always marries * * *, or ironically says,' He leaned against the door and left last year. After picking flowers into honey, put them on the bride's dress and give them to other girls.
"5. Hand in hand [gǒng shǒu chuí shang] Hand in hand: put your hands together on your chest; Hang down: clothes hang down, indicating sitting up. Describe inaction, sit on empty seats.