2, lyrical way:
(1) Express one's feelings directly (generally speaking, the feelings expressed are relatively strong and straightforward, and they are often indulgent and straightforward and persistent) (Du Fu's Two Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army, Wei Zhuang's Four Towns, Li Zhiyi's Operator, Lu You's Hairpin Phoenix and Dunhuang's Quzi Bodhisattva).
(2) Indirect lyricism (generally speaking, the feelings expressed are implicit, but they are implicit, so the twists and turns are ups and downs, and they return to graceful singing, or empathetic scenery (Cousin Lu Lun's Sleepover, Wei Zhuang's Taicheng), or empathetic things (Li Shangyin's Farewell, Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain)
(3) Four forms of scene blending: touching the scene to create feelings (climbing the mountain), borrowing scenery to express feelings (Huanxisha of Qin Guan, Indifference and Ruthlessness, Wen Letian of Yuan Zhen awarded Jiangzhou Sima, Master Farewell of Liu Changqing), and scene blending (Recalling Jiangnan by Bai Juyi).
Motion and quietness (Coming to the Han River by Wang Wei), emptiness and reality (In Lusu by Wang Zhihuan, Breaking the Dou by Xin Qiji, giving Chen Tongfu an argument, and Farewell to Wei Er by Wang Changling), far and near (Sai Qiu Hong Xunyang Drama by Zhou Deqing and Walking on the Shore by Fan Zhongyan), point and surface. Meticulous brushwork (describing the shape, color and sound of the scenery in detail) (Du Xunhe's "Complaining about the Spring Palace" and Wen's "Bodhisattva Man") and sketching (sketching with simple strokes to make readers imagine themselves) (Liu Changqing's "Snow House Furong Mountain Master")
4. Rhetoric
Metaphor, personification, contrast, exaggeration, metonymy, repetition, parallelism, pun, synaesthesia, intertextuality, duality, example, comparison, suspension (also called antithesis, dislocation of time and space), refinement and repetition.
5. Expression skills
Contrast rendering, symbol, allusion, adaptation, self-comparison, expression of ambition, cadence, pros and cons, details, see the big from the small.
6. Structural method
Quoting, summarizing, paving the way (Xin Qiji's Broken Array), connecting the preceding with the following, echoing from beginning to end (caring) (Du Fu's Moonlight Remembering Brothers), getting straight to the point (Du Fu's Book of Appreciation), going deep into layers (nineteen ancient poems "Cowherd Star"), repeating sentences (Xin Qiji's "Ugly Slave? Boshan Road, a book in the middle of the wall), the scenery comes first, and the feelings are behind. Zhang Xianzhi (Li Bai's Dream on Mount Tianmu), the feelings follow the scenery (Wang Changling's Seven Stories of Joining the Army).