Huashan Mountain is the sacred place of the "fourth cave heaven" of the mainstream Quanzhen religion of Taoism, and it is also a god widely worshipped by Chinese people, that is, Xiyue Huashan. * * * There are 72 semi-suspended caves and more than 20 Taoist temples, among which Yuquan Garden, Dulong Temple, Presiding Hall and Yue Zhen Palace are listed as national key Taoist temples, with famous Taoist experts such as Chen Tuan, Hao Datong and He Yuanxi.
Extended data
1, Huashan Mountain is located in huayin city, Shaanxi Province, east longitude10957'-1005', north latitude 34 25'-34 00'. The east-west length is 15km, the north-south width is 10km, and the scenic area is about 148km2. It is located at120km west of Xi, the capital of Shaanxi Province.
2. Huashan mountain range is a whole granite with deep intrusive rocks, and the top is coarse-grained porphyritic granite (particle size 5 mm); The middle part is medium-grained (2-5 mm) granite gabbro and gneiss granite.
According to the determination of radioactive isotopes by geological scientists, the formation period of Huashan granite was about 1, 2 1 ten thousand years ago, and the crust in Huashan area moved. In the process of being squeezed, folded and broken, magma began to rise, invaded the surface crust along cracks, cooled at a depth of 3-6 kilometers and condensed into rocks.
3. Huashan Mountain is far away from the ocean, located in the westerly belt between 30 and 60 north latitude, with a continental degree of 53 7', and belongs to the continental monsoon climate of warm temperate zone. Due to the steep mountain, the vertical temperature gradient (or direct cooling rate) at the foot of the mountain and the top of the mountain: from the county to the top of the mountain, the elevation at the northern foot drops by 0.44℃ every time it rises 100m, and the elevation at the southern foot drops by 0.5℃ every time it rises 100m.
4. The vegetation area of Huashan Mountain is about 6.5438+0.3 million mu, and the vegetation features are "coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved sparse forest area". There are nearly 80 families, 100 genera and more than 200 species of plants in Huashan area. Among them, there are more than 30 families, 40 genera and 60 species of seed plants. There are nearly 50 species of pteridophytes in more than 20 families and genera, and nearly 70 species of bryophytes in more than 20 families and 40 genera. Coniferous forests, deciduous forests and broad-leaved forests, mainly pine and oak forests,
In mountainous areas above 800 meters above sea level, the main tree species are Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus armandii, Pinus bungeana, Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus liaotungensis and Populus davidiana. The lower part of the pine-oak forest belt is a broad-leaved forest dominated by Quercus variabilis, with a small amount of chestnut, incense and oak. Huashan pine forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Quercus variabilis forest, Pinus bungeana forest, artificial forest and Pinus massoniana forest are the main vegetation types in Huashan area.
5. North Peak
The northern peak is 16 14 meters above sea level, which is one of the main peaks of Huashan Mountain, so it is named because it is located in the north. The North Peak hangs on all sides, crowned with Jing Yun, and connected with the earth. It is as prominent as a cloud platform, so it is also called Yuntai Mountain. Tang Li Bai's Song of Xi Yue Yuntai Sending Dan Qiu Zi once wrote: "The three peaks are all to be destroyed, and the green cliff is high. The gold in Bai Di is full of vitality and the stone is a lotus cloud. "
The peak is adjacent to Bai Yunfeng in the north, Sean in the east, three peaks in the east, west and south, and Goulou is a dangerous road. The peak is made up of several groups of huge stones, which is natural. There is a platform at the top, and there used to be a pavilion leaning against the clouds. Now there is a site, which is a good place to look south at Huashan Sanfeng and Heilongling. The trees at the waist of the peak are lush and delicate, which is an ideal rest place on the way to climb the top of Huashan Mountain. 1996 The cable car opened stands on the east wall of the mountain peak.
There are many scenic spots on the top of the mountain, such as Zhenwutang, Jiaogong Stone Chamber, Changchun Stone Chamber, Jade Girl Window, Xianyou Palace, Shentu Cliff, Yiyun Pavilion, Laojun Plow Hanging Place, Tieniu Terrace, Baiyun Wonderland Stone Archway and so on, and all the scenic spots are accompanied by beautiful myths and legends.
1949 On the eve of the liberation of Huayin, Han Zipei, Commissioner of the Eighth Administrative Supervision District of Shaanxi Province of the Kuomintang and Brigadier of the Sixth Shaanxi Security Brigade, led more than 100 remnants to flee to Huashan in an attempt to make a final struggle by relying on natural disasters. With the help of Huayin people, the China People's Liberation Army broke the legend that "Huashan is the Tao since ancient times" and climbed the North Peak from Huangfu Valley, scaring away the bandits.
Created a miracle that the magic soldier leaped over the natural barrier and the hero outwitted Huashan. Today, a stone pavilion with hexagonal eaves and a bucket arch carved from granite is built in front of Zhenwutang 100 meters, and there is a Huashan Liberation Monument in the pavilion. Since then, Beifeng has become a place and classroom for patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education for young people.
Baidu Encyclopedia _ Huashan (Huashan in the west of the Five Mountains)