Zhang Yu old county, Hongdu new home. The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected with Lu Heng. Three rivers and five lakes in Jin, controlling barbarians and attracting Ouyue. Wuhua Tianbao, the dragon lamp shoots the bull fighting market; Outstanding people, Xu Ru got off Chen Fan's couch. Xing Chi Cai Jun Xiongzhou fog column. At the turn of summer, the host and guest are all in the southeast. The commander-in-chief Gong Yanyi is elegant, and the halberd is in the distance; Fan Yi of Yuwen Xinzhou is temporarily stationed. Ten days holiday, win friends like a cloud; Welcome to the wedding. Teng Jiao, a poet of Meng; Purple electric paste is General Wang's armory. Home is slaughter, Tao is name; What does a boy know? Bowing is always the winner.
When Wei is in September, the sequence belongs to Sanqiu. The water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple. Yan Yan likes to walk on the road and watch the scenery to worship Afghanistan. Near the Emperor Changzhou, it is the old fairy temple. Mountains and clouds are heavy; Feige is full of blood, and there is no land under it. Heting ancient bamboo, the haunt of poor islands; Gui Dian Lan Gong is the posture of hills.
Embroidered and carved, Yamahara is full of vision, and Kawasawa is bold and unrestrained. Yan Lu, the hometown of Zhong Mingding's delicious food; Ge boat maze, the fat of green finch and Huanglong. Clouds selling rain Ji, colorful. Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color. Fishing boats sing late, the coastal sound is poor, the array is cold, and the sound breaks Hengyang Pu.
The distance is smooth and it is easy to fly. Cool breeze blowing gently, singing white clouds. There are bamboos in Suiyuan, which makes Peng Ze angry. Shui Ye Zhu Hua, a pen shining in Linchuan. Four beautiful things, two are difficult to combine. Poor in the sky, leisure is very entertaining. The sky is vast and the universe is infinite; Joy begets sorrow and knowledge is empty. Looking at Chang 'an in the sun, the martial arts will meet in the clouds. The terrain is deep in the South Pole, high in Tianzhu and far from Beichen. It is difficult to climb mountains and mountains, and whoever loses his way is sad; Meet by chance, full of foreign guests. When I miss the emperor, what year was I in the mysterious room?
Ha ha! Bad luck, bad luck. Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal. Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, not without a master; Is there no time to escape from Hongliang to Haiqu? A gentleman plays it by ear and knows the world. When you are old and strong, would you rather be moved? Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. I feel that Chanquan is very cool, but I am still very happy after doing it. Although Beihai is on credit, it can be accepted; The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not late. Meng has noble taste and is free to serve the country; Ruan Ji is crazy, how can he cry to the end of the road!
Bob, who is three feet short, is a scholar. There is no way to ask for it, and the final army will be weak; With a pen and a bosom, Mu Zong is Changfeng. Give up hair for a hundred years, and Wan Li will faint in the morning. It is not a treasure tree in Xie Jia, but a neighbor of Montessori. He is becoming more and more palace, and he is accompanying carp; Today, I hold my hand and hope to hold the Longmen. Yang Yi doesn't pick up, caresses Lingyun and cherishes himself; What's shameful about playing with running water at the clock meeting?
Ho ho! There are not many resorts, so it is difficult to have a grand feast; Lanting is gone, Zize Xu Qiu. Farewell words, thanks to Wei Wei; Climbing high to make a contribution is to hope the public. Dare to exhaust feelings, be respectful and short-quoted; All the words were given, and all four rhymes were done. Please sprinkle Pan Jiang, pour the clouds:
Wang Teng Linjiang Zhu and Ming Luan went dancing.
The painted building faces Nanpu Cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.
The shadow of the idle cloud pool is long, and things change for a few years.
Where is the emperor in the cabinet today? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
2. Translation:
This is Zhang Yu County in the Han Dynasty, and now it is the governor's office of Hongzhou. The position in the sky belongs to the division between two stars, and the position on the ground connects Hengshan and Lushan. Take Sanjiang as the skirt and Five Lakes as the belt, control Chu land and connect Fujian and Vietnam. The essence of things is the treasure of heaven, and the sword light shines directly on the interval between cattle and barrels. Ying Jie is among the people, and because the earth has aura, Fan Chen specially built several couches for Xu Ru. Magnificent Hongzhou City, houses are like fog, and talents are as active as stars. The city is located in the key place at the junction of Yi and Xia, and the host and guests are all concentrated in the talents in the southeast. Commander-in-Chief Gong Yanxiang enjoys a high reputation. He came to Hongzhou from afar and worked as a shepherd in Yuwen House. He is a model of virtue and stopped here on his way to his post. On the day of the tenth holiday, outstanding friends and distinguished guests gathered here. Meng, the leader of the literary world, writes with great momentum and dances Cai Feng. In General Wang's armory, there are sharp swords such as purple cymbals and so on. Because my father is going to be a county magistrate, I passed this famous place on my way to visit relatives. Young and ignorant, I was lucky enough to attend this grand banquet in person.
It's September, and the autumn is crisp. The water is gone, the pool is clear, the sky is condensed with faint clouds, and the mountains are purple in the twilight. Driving a carriage on a high mountain road, visiting the scenery in the mountain. Come to the emperor Changzhou and find the palace where the immortals live. The mountains overlap here, and the green peaks soar into the sky. A pavilion in the air, a Hong Ting Road is like flying in the sky, and the ground can't be seen from the pavilion. The small continent where white cranes and wild ducks stop, with winding islands, elegant palaces and continuous mountains set each other off.
Open the beautifully carved pavilion door and overlook the roof decorated with colorful decorations. The mountains and plains have a panoramic view, and the lakes and rivers are winding and amazing. There are alleys and houses everywhere, and many rich people are eating and drinking. Ge boats are full of ferries, full of big boats carved with green finches and yellow dragons. After the rain clears, the rainbow disappears, the sun is shining, the sunset flies with the lonely geese, and the autumn water is even in the sky. In the evening, the singing of fishing boats resounded through the lake, and the geese were chilly and singing until the Pu of Hengyang.
Looking at the distance, my mind just felt comfortable, and my transcendental interest immediately rose. The flute attracted the gentle breeze, and the soft singing attracted the floating white clouds. Just like the gathering of bamboo forests in Suiyuan, people who are good at drinking here can drink more than Tao Yuanming, the magistrate of Pengze County, just like Shui Ye praised lotus flowers, and the poet's literary talent here is better than that of Xie Lingyun in Linchuan Literature and History. These four beauties (music and diet, articles and words) are all ready, and these two rare conditions (beautiful scenery and pleasure) are also done together. Look at the sky as much as possible and have fun during the holiday. The sky is vast, which makes people feel that the universe is boundless. Joy has passed, sadness has come, and I understand that there is a destiny for the rise and fall of things. Looking at Chang 'an in the west and Wu Hui in the east, the land in the south is exhausted, the sea is unfathomable, the Beidou in the north is out of reach, and Tianzhu is out of reach. This mountain is difficult to cross. Who sympathizes with frustrated people? Meet by chance, all strangers in a foreign land. We missed the gate of the palace, but we were not summoned. When can we serve the king?
Well, everyone's timing is different, and the fate of life is often not smooth. Feng Tang is prone to aging, but Li Guang is rare. Jia Yi was wronged and demoted to Changsha, not because there was no monarch, but because Hongliang fled to Qilu seaside. Isn't this an era of political prosperity? Only because a gentleman is content with poverty can a knowledgeable person know his own destiny. Although you are old, you should be more ambitious. How to change your mood when you are old? Although the situation is difficult, we should be more ethical and never give up our lofty aspirations. Even if you drink the water from the greedy spring, your mood is still fresh and clean; Even if you are on a dry main road, your mind is still cheerful and happy. Although the North Sea is far away, it can still be reached by a whirlwind of horns. Although the morning has passed, it is not too late to cherish the night. Meng Changjun is noble, but he loves to serve his country in vain. Ruan Ji is a dissolute person. How can we learn from his poor crying!
I, Wang Bo, am a modest scholar. Although he is twenty-one years old like the final army, he has nowhere to volunteer to kill the enemy. I envy Zong Yi's heroic spirit and ambition to join the army. Now I have abandoned my lifelong fame, and Wan Li is not far away to serve my father day and night. Although not Xie Jia's "baby tree", he can associate with virtuous people. Soon I will meet my father and listen to his teachings. Today, I have the honor to accompany all my elders and climb the Longmen happily. If you don't meet the person introduced by Yang Deyi, you will only shoot your own article and feel sorry for yourself. Now that you've met Zhong Ziqi, what's the shame of playing "Running Water"?
Oh! Places of interest can't last forever, and it's hard to meet again. Lanting Banquet is a thing of the past, and Zize in Shi Chong is in ruins. Thank you for the gift of this banquet. I made this preface when I left. As for the summit, I can only count on the gentlemen present. I just took the liberty of making a brief introduction with my humble mind. Everyone here writes poems according to their own rhymes. I wrote eight sentences with four rhymes. Please show your talents and write magnificent poems like Pan Yue and Lu Ji. !
The towering Wang Teng Pavilion overlooks the sandbar in the middle of the river. I think, the luxurious singing and dancing that wears Yu Pei and rings the Luan bell has stopped.
In the morning, the painting building flies to the clouds in Nanpu; At dusk, the bead curtain is caught in the rain in the western hills.
The leisurely colorful clouds are reflected on the river, floating leisurely all day; Time flies, personnel changes, I do not know how many spring and autumn.
Wang Teng, which used to enjoy itself in the high pavilion, has disappeared, and only the surging river outside the railing rushes to the distance.
3. Writing background:
Wang Teng Pavilion is named after Wang Teng Li Yuanying. Li Yuanying is the youngest son of Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu and the younger brother of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin. He is extravagant, immoral, and his political achievements are mediocre. But he is good at singing and dancing, good at painting butterflies and very artistic. He built the Wang Teng Pavilion for the fun of singing and dancing. This famous building in the south of the Yangtze River was built in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it soon became famous for Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. Han Yu said in "Newly Made Wang Tengting": "The less time, the more beautiful Jiangnan is, and Wang Tengting bears the brunt, which is magnificent and unique."
Preface to Wang Tengting is the full name of Preface to Wang Tengting's Autumn, also known as Preface to Wang Tengting's Poems and Preface to Banquet Wang Tengting. When I first wrote it, there were two opinions. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wang of the Five Dynasties wrote: "At the age of fourteen, Wang Bo's father was probably appointed as the order of Liuhe County (now Jiangsu Province) and went to Liuhe with Wang Bo through Hongzhou. In this preface, there is a saying that "teenagers know everything and say everything", which can also be proved. According to the new biography of Tang Caizi in Yuan Dynasty, Teng Xu was written when he went to Jiaotoe (northwest of Hanoi, Vietnam) to visit his father (then his father was Jiaotoe county magistrate), and passed by Nanchang in the second year of last year (675). Judging from the broad content and rich rhetoric of this preface, it is more like an adult work. "Boy" doesn't necessarily mean a child, but it can also be a modest word to express a person's youth and ignorance. What's more, if there is a saying in the preface that "there is no way to volunteer, and the final army will be weak", "weak crown" refers to twenty years old. Therefore, regarding the writing time, the annotation of the text adopts the latter statement.
Teng's poem in "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty Literature and Art" goes like this: "On September 9, the governor gave a big banquet to Teng, and his husband ordered him to make a preface to praise the guests. Because of paper and pen, he dared not be a guest, and he was too courageous to leave. The viceroy was furious, got up and changed clothes, and sent officials to wait on him. Repeated reports, strange language, but suddenly said:' genius!' Please write it down and enjoy it very much. "Visible at that time, Wang Bo was young, talented, splashed with ink, and was shocked.
There are vivid records about the origin of Wang in the preface to Tang Ting. It turned out that his original intention was to let his husband Meng preface his name, but when he pretended to be modest, he began to write. In the name of "changing clothes", Yan angrily left the meeting, and someone was waiting for him to write a letter. When I first heard that "Zhang Yu is an old county and Hongdu is a new house", Gong Yan felt that "it is also a cliche"; Next, "the pillow is in the summer suburbs, and the guest and the host are in the beauty of the southeast", which is awkward for public hearing; As for the phrase "the sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, the autumn waters are * * * and the sky is one color", it is even more surprising. "This is the real genius and should be immortal!" , for the sake of Apollo side and view, hence eager to please dinner, very huan.
There is also a saying that the father Fu Chou moves to the left and crosses his toes in Wang Bo, a biography of a gifted scholar in Tang Dynasty. Bo went on a pilgrimage to the province and passed by Nanchang. At that time, Yan Gong built Wang Tengting. On September 9th, the guests will write down his son-in-law to boast about this event. When you arrive, you will be respected and you will know your talents, so please do it. Bob teased the guests without hesitation, but in an instant, without adding any words, the house was full of surprises. After a drunken farewell, the handsome man gave a hundred gifts, that is, set sail for Yanfang. He sailed to the sea and drowned at the age of 29.
Father Wang Fushu was implicated and was demoted to Jiaotoe County Order. Wang Bo went to visit and passed by Nanchang. At that time, Qi Huangong built a new Wang Teng Pavilion. On September 9th, he gave a banquet to entertain guests, and prepared to let his son-in-law write a note to boast about this great event. Wang Bo came here to meet Gong Yan, who knew his talent and asked him to take notes. Wang Bo readily gave the guest a pen, which was written in a short time, without modification, which surprised the full house. Say goodbye with wine. Qi Huangong gave him a hundred horses and he set sail. When I arrived at Yanfang, the boat fell into the sea and Wang Bo drowned. At that time, he was twenty-nine years old.
4. Appreciate:
Natural integration of scenery description and lyricism. This paper focuses on the spectacular scene of Wang Teng Pavilion. Write about the elegant and grand momentum of the banquet and express your feelings. After explaining the historical evolution of "old county" and "new house". It is written by the geographical location and surrounding environment of the exhibition hall. "Three rivers lead to five lakes, and Ouyue", "The flowing water is as clear as the cold pool, and the smoke is as purple as the mountains", "The sunset is lonely with Qi Fei, and the autumn water is the same as the sky". Wang Teng Pavilion is located on this land in the south of the Yangtze River. Then, the author's pen goes from far to near, from the surface to the inside. "Taiwan is green and the clouds are heavy; Flying pavilion and floating boat, there is no land under it ","Gui Dian Lan Gong ","embroidered topic "and" first landing ". Wang Bo can't help feeling excited. He is a boy from a famous area. He is lucky to have the opportunity to attend the party. However, in the face of high officials and dignitaries, it is inevitable that there will be some sadness and sadness. Instead, he lamented his "injustice", "luck" and "ill-fated". Express your deep depression and grievances, and pour out your feelings of "throwing a pen" and "volunteering" to serve the country and your determination to go forward. Love comes from scenery, and scenery is written for the mutual penetration of lyricism, scenery and emotion. Naturally, like running water, it flows freely and naturally.
Contrast and description, bright colors. The author can describe the scenery of Hongzhou, the grand occasion of Pueraria lobata and express the feelings of the characters. Exhibition and hair growth, very successful use of daubing and dyeing methods. For example, when explaining Hongzhou's "outstanding people". Fourteen sentences were laid out in one breath, from historical figures to realistic figures, from civil servants to military commanders, and they worked tirelessly; Write Wang Tengting's vision, including Shazhou Island, Yuanye, Jiangchuan Ge, palace and fundus.
And this description is carried out in contrast. This makes the article full of twists and turns, jumping up and down, back and forth. "Cool hair and breeze, fine songs and white clouds. There are bamboos in Suiyuan, which makes Peng Ze angry. Lishui Zhu Hua, lighting the pen of Linchuan. " Chords, music, wine, stories, beautiful scenery and pleasing to the eye. "Four Beauty Dilemma" is an unprecedented feast. In contrast, "luck is not good, and life is ruined; Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal. ". How sad it is that the genius is degraded and confused. This is the contrast of the characters' situation. There are also "Chang 'an in the sun" and "Wu Hui in the cloud", all of which are geographical comparisons; "avoid prosperity and fly high" and "prosperity with sadness" are emotional contrasts; Yang Yi doesn't pick up, caresses Lingyun and cherishes himself; When the clocks meet, what's the shame of running water? "This is the contrast between talent and bosom friend. This strong color contrast can produce the artistic effect of complementary opposites in revealing the inner worries of the characters and contrasting the main idea of the article.
The antithesis is neat and the allusions are just right. Except for exclamations, auxiliary words and Bo's self-claim, most of them are four-character antitheses and six-character antitheses. There are some simple sentences, such as "Clouds clear away the rain", "Lonely sunset in Qi Fei, autumn water * * * one color in the sky" and so on; Some are complex sentences, such as "the treasure of things, the city where the dragon lights shoot the bulls;" Outstanding people, Xu Ruyuan's "Fan on Chen's couch" "Fishing boats sing late, ringing the shore of poverty; The array was frightened and the sound broke the pu of Hengyang "; There are also some comments on this sentence, such as "Jin Sanjiang brings five lakes, controlling barbarians and attracting Ouyue", "Jin Sanjiang brings five lakes" and "controlling barbarians and attracting Ouyue" are opposite to each other. For example, Qi Feng with Rattan Pepper, Double Clear Purple Dots, Long Guang and Bull Fight. This antithesis sentence is not only neat and symmetrical, but also complex and changeable, fast-paced, neat and harmonious, and powerful.
Allusions that appear many times in the text. And they are all used properly, which not only has no sense of redundancy and obscurity, but also makes the article look rich and elegant, euphemistic and tortuous, sincere and sincere. "Feng Tang is easy to get old, Li Guang is hard to seal", "Qu Jiayi is in Changsha" and "Wandering in the sea", these four allusions are put together to describe the fate of the author, who was rejected for writing for Pei and expelled by the emperor for writing "Chicken of the King". Although there is resentment, it is hidden and not exposed, and there is no suspicion that King Kong is glaring. "Although Beihai is on credit, it is thriving; The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not too late. " These two allusions are our firm belief in courage and fearlessness. Allusions such as "waiting for the final army to be weak", "throwing a pen in your arms" and "watching the wind and whistling". It is a metaphor for his heroism and determination to make progress by "breaking the waves".
Turn static into dynamic and personify things. It is another feature of Preface to Wang Teng-ting to write an objective static thing into a dynamic feeling by personification. The author is good at choosing words and refining words to activate the state of things, such as "flying pavilion, flowing Dan" and "green terraces" Just because of the words "fly", "flow" and "shrug", the lofty pavilions will take off, the rich painters will murmur, and the emerald green on the terraces will rise high. It's really wonderful that still life has become an animal. The ancient city of Hongzhou, however, has become a cutting giant with "Three Rivers" as its skirt and "Five Lakes" as its belt, which is "pretty" near and "Ouyue" far away. As for "brilliance" like "Xingchi". The "winning friends" like a cloud is even more vivid.
5. Four characteristics of Wang Teng-ting's Preface.
The scenery of Preface to Wang Tengting is very distinctive. The author carefully constructs paintings, works hard, and depicts landscapes in a flexible way, which embodies certain aesthetic characteristics.
(1) color change
This article pays great attention to the color changes of the landscape. For example, Zidian in Zidian green frost, Liu Dan in Gefei Liu Dan, Cui Cui in hills and Qingque Huanglong in Qingque Huanglong axis are all colorful and swaying. In particular, the phrase "flowing water is cold and clear, and smoke condenses into purple mountains" is not limited to the color of still pictures, but focuses on the changes of water, light and mountains. The former sentence is simple and elegant, and the latter sentence is dignified in color, which is praised by predecessors as "writing the scenery in September"
(2) the change of distance
The author uses appropriate methods, just like the shooting technology of a movie, from near to far, to form a panoramic view with a sense of hierarchy and depth. The scenery around the pavilion is written in four sentences, which is a close-up view; The second sentence "rivers and lakes in mountains and rivers" is the middle scene; Below the cloud selling rain Ji is the broad prospect of rice fields. This kind of writing is the most prominent feature of the scenery in the preface to Wang Teng's Songs, which embodies the author's three-dimensional aesthetic view and brings readers into the picturesque scenery of Jiangnan. Readers are integrated with the landscape, people are in the landscape, and there are people in the landscape.
(3) Muddy up and down
The four sentences of "mountains, green waters and green waters" are inseparable by changing the perspective, so that the upper and lower parts are in harmony with each other, and the heavens and the earth are in harmony with each other, which embodies the author's unified aesthetic view. And "The setting sun is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water and the sky are the same color" is a famous sentence. Water and the sky are connected, forming a beautiful picture with bright colors.
(4) Comparison of the actual situation.
"Fishing boats sing late" four sentences, that is, relying on auditory association, convey the distant scenery with the method of virtual reality, so that readers can broaden their horizons and see Wan Li. The real writing and the imaginary writing are in harmony, and the scenery is described as much as possible.
In a word, Preface to Wang Tengting is quite ingenious, with exquisite words, wonderful sentences and gorgeous chapters, which makes people feel like they are in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. No wonder Han couldn't help but admire: "There are many scenes in the south of the Yangtze River, and Wang Tengting is the first."
6. Structural analysis:
The full text consists of four paragraphs: the first paragraph is a narrative and an introduction; The second paragraph is basically about scenery; The third paragraph is basically lyrical; The fourth narrative, take care of the beginning. The central event of the article is the banquet in Tengwangge, which is scattered in various paragraphs by the author's sketch, but the focus of the article is not the banquet, but the lyric based on the scenery. The full text from the description of geography and humanities to the description of its beautiful scenery, and then from beautiful scenery to lyricism, close contact and transformation of nature. From the perspective of development, the author tries his best to describe the grand banquet and the scenery inside and outside the Knee King Pavilion vividly from the description of Hongzhou's victory. However, Wang Bo is not here for sightseeing. He was just passing by and was attracted by the scenery here. So it's easy to get emotional. From banquets, grand gatherings, gatherings, and poor life, he can't help but feel "mixed feelings" and he will have a sense of expression. That is to say, in the case of beautiful scenery and saint Xi Bin, the author looks far away and enjoys it, but the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the universe is boundless. Suddenly, he felt that life was short and everything changed in a certain way, and this feeling came into being. It is worth mentioning that when the author writes about the scenery in the second paragraph, he skillfully puts in the narrative, such as "Yan Yan is arrogant on the road and visits the scenery." Changzhou, near Di Zi, is the old Heaven Pavilion. ".
The key sentence in the first paragraph is "Xiongzhou fog train, Cai Jun is crazy", which not only inherits and summarizes the last article, but also naturally turns to praise "the host and guest are in the southeast", which is smooth and natural from far and near.
The key sentence in the second paragraph is "Embroidering in breadth and carving in splendor". After it appeared, the author turned from near to far, from top to bottom, and looked down at the myriad weather around him. If you put it away, you can spread it.
The key sentences in the third paragraph are scattered in two places. At the beginning, the author turned narrative and scenery writing into lyricism and discussion with "vast territory" and "mixed happiness and sorrow" Among them, "I feel the infinity of the universe" is an admiration after watching the beautiful scenery in the sky and underground, and it is a continuation of the above; And "knowing the surplus is empty" is the feeling of unfortunate fate after personal sorrow and joy, and it is the beginning of the following. However, when another key sentence in this paragraph came out, "It depends on a gentleman to act according to circumstances, but only a talented person in know life", the article turned to express his precious ambition of thinking ahead regardless of setbacks, thus making his feelings very euphemistic and touching.
7. Introduction to the author:
Wang Bo (649 or 650 ~ 676 or 675) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Han nationality, Zi Zi An. Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people. Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty", among which they are the first.