The poem begins with the scenery: "Tianshan Mountain is full of Qiong Yao, leading me to the West with loneliness." There are tens of thousands of snow peaks in Tianshan Mountain, as steep as water and as white as jade. They guided the author westward, accompanying and comforting each other along the way. The so-called "loneliness" in the poem is not only the loneliness of Lin Zexu in exile, but also his loneliness in political stance. In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial court was corrupt and incompetent. Foreign invaders poisoned China with opium first, and then plundered the land with guns when China "Serenade defended the enemy and had no money to pay". The people are in dire straits and the country is at stake. At this critical juncture, Lin Zexu strongly advocated anti-Japanese invasion and shocked China and foreign countries with the incident of "Humen destroying opium". However, the "peace faction" headed by the emperor is willing to be humiliated, and it is unreasonable to exclude and crack down on the "war faction". Lin Zexu's mood and Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Fishing" that "if you buy someone for 1000 yuan, what's the complaint?" He was loyal to killing the enemy and serving the country, but he didn't get the attention of the court. Loneliness is unforgettable. Lin Zexu is in the vast snowfield, and the loneliness of the snowy mountain reminds him of his own loneliness. Then he thought that the whole "hawks" were left out by the imperial court, and the coastal areas of China were being ravaged by the invaders, so he felt sad and indignant. Extreme anger and helplessness can only be vented in a long laugh. "I'm smiling at the mountain god, and it's hard to get rid of the fine snow." The mountains don't laugh, but at this time, the snow-capped mountains have souls in the poet's mind-they are as full of "clear snow" as the poet. Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said in "Resentment": "In those days, Wan Li sought to seal Hou, and the horse guarded Liangzhou. Now the military life of defending the border fortress can only appear in dreams, but I don't know where I am in dreams. Dust covered the old mink fur. Hu is still there, his temples are autumn first, and his tears are empty. Who knows that in this life, my heart is in Tianshan and I am always in Cangzhou! " At this time, Lin Zexu is nearly 60 years old. When he looks at the desolate snowfields in the desert, he may also feel that his heart is on the coast and he is always in Tianshan Mountain. The difference is that the enemy of the Song Dynasty is the State of Jin, and the Tianshan area is the front line of the battle. They live in different times and different environments, but their fates are very similar. Both Lu You, who rode a horse to guard Liangzhou, and Lin Zexu, who wiped out opium in Humen, faced the Southern Song Dynasty court which directly regarded Hangzhou as Bianzhou, and the Manchu government which measured China's material resources in order to win the favor of the country. Their ideals and ambitions can only be "closed to the outside world" and "the dust settles". "I am smiling at the mountain god, and it is even harder to disappear with the fine snow." Lin Zexu, a national hero, was excluded from the declining dynasty. On the way to being demoted, there are lonely snow-capped mountains, but there are concerns but no one to talk to. He can only laugh at the mountain gods. He laughed at the inner pain of serving the country and lamented that his black hair turned into silver hair overnight. His smile is sad.
Second, expand the scope of knowledge:
1, appreciation of the original poem: Fu beyond the Great Wall
Ten thousand people in Tianshan Mountain shrugged Qiong Yao, and loneliness led me westward.
I smiled at the mountain god. It was sunny and snowy.
2. Introduction to the work: "Zayong beyond the Great Wall" is the work of modern national hero Lin Zexu. This poem was written in A.D. 1842 (twenty-two years of Daoguang) and the author was sent to Yili, Xinjiang. It is very interesting to look at Tianshan Mountain and express feelings in poetry. The first two sentences describe the magnificent scene of Tianshan Mountain, and write that he was demoted to Ili, and only Tianshan Mountain accompanied him during the journey, revealing a sense of loneliness. The last two sentences are "laugh" and "hard to get rid of". On the surface, they are cheerful and open-minded. In fact, they show helplessness in adversity and express sadness that they are old and have no sense of accomplishment.
3. About the author: Lin Zexu (1785— 1850) is a modern patriot and national hero. The word "Fu" also means "Mu" and "Shilin", and it is also called "the old man in the village" and "retiring from the village" at night. Hou Guan (now Fuzhou) was born. 18 1 1 year (16th year of Jiaqing) Jinshi. His early study of Confucian classics and practical works laid an ideological foundation for his future political practice. He was a senior official. He served as the governor of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Guangxi, Huguang, Shaanxi and Gansu and Yungui, and was appointed as an imperial envoy twice. He has been an official for more than 30 years and has been an official in 14 provinces. Wherever he went, he cared about the people, rectified the bureaucracy, built water conservancy projects, saved the people from disasters, was honest and clean, and had the reputation of "Lin Qingtian". 1June, 839, the "Humen Destroyed Opium" led by him shocked China and foreign countries, defended the dignity of the Chinese nation, became a pioneer in world drug control, and opened a new chapter in modern China's anti-aggression. As a politician and thinker, Lin Zexu actively explored reforms in the face of political corruption, economic recession and internal and external troubles in the Qing Dynasty. China people all over the world admire it for actively resisting western aggression and persisting in safeguarding China's sovereignty and national interests.