2 Balzac Honoré de Balzac (1May 20th, 799-1August 850 18),19th century French great critical realism writer, founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature, and one of the highest achievements of French realistic literature. He wrote 9 1 novel Comé die Humaine, with more than 2,400 characters.
It fully shows the social life of France in the first half of the19th century, is a rare literary monument in the history of human literature, and is called the "encyclopedia" of French society. Balzac 1799 was born in Tours, central France on May 20th. /kloc-moved to Paris with his parents at the age of 0/5. /kloc-entered law school at the age of 0/7. After graduation, he worked as a policeman in a law firm and notary office. At the same time, he attended a literature lecture at the University of Paris and obtained a bachelor's degree in literature. At the age of 20, he began to engage in literary creation and published many unsuccessful plays and novels under his pseudonym. In order to make a living, he successively engaged in publishing and printing during 1825- 1828, all of which failed and were heavily in debt. After exploration and tempering, Balzac embarked on the road of realistic literary creation. The novel The Last Cool Party, published in 1829, initially established its position in the literary world. 183 1 published the novel The Story of Donkey's Skin, which won him a reputation and became one of the most famous French writers. He has long had the idea of connecting his works into an organic whole. 184 1 year, inspired by Dante's divine comedy, he officially named his work Human Comedy, and declared in the preface of Human Comedy that he would become the "secretary" of social history. It is believed that social environment edifies people, so we should focus on "the material expression of people and their thoughts"; Require writers to have "insight" and "imagination"; Pay attention to the accurate description of geographical environment and graphics. 1829- 1849 Balzac wrote 9 1 works for human comedy, including novels, novellas, short stories and essays, which are divided into three parts: custom research, philosophical research and analytical research. Novels Eugenie Grandet (1833), Gao Laotou (1834), Disillusionment (1837- 1843), Farmer (/kloc-0)
4 Mo Bosang
/kloc-In the second half of the 0/9th century, an excellent French critical realist writer studied under the famous French writer Flaubert. He wrote six novels, more than 350 short stories and three travel notes in his life. His literary achievements are the most outstanding in short stories, and he ranks alongside Chekhov and O Henry as the three greatest short story masters in the world, which has a great influence on later generations and is known as the "king of short stories".
Mo Bosang was born in August 1850 in a declining aristocratic family near Diebou, Normandy, northwest France. His ancestors were all nobles, but they declined in his father's generation, and his father became a broker of the exchange. His mother was born in a scholarly family and loved literature. She often comments on literary works and has unique opinions. Shortly after Mo Bosang was born, his parents separated because of frequent conflicts. He and his mother live in a villa by the sea. As a child, Mo Bosang liked to play in the apple orchard, watch hunting on the grassland, chat and work with farmers, fishermen, boatmen and hunters. These experiences made Mo Bosang familiar with rural life from an early age. Since childhood, his mother trained him to write poems. When his son became a famous writer, she was still a literary consultant, critic and assistant of Mo Bosang, so his mother was his first teacher on the road of literary creation. Another literature teacher who laid the foundation for Mo Bosang's literary career was Louis Buye, who was 13 years old when he was studying in Rouen Middle School. Louis Buye is a famous Barnabas poet, who often directs Mo Bosang to create a variety of literary works.
5 Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Russia's greatest writer is also one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature, and his literary works occupy an important position in world literature. His representative works include the novels War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection, and the autobiographical trilogy Childhood, Adolescence and Youth. A Tolstoy, Russian writer of Soviet Union, winner of Lenin Medal, academician of Soviet Academy of Sciences. His representative works include The Course of Suffering and Ivan the Terrible. Lev tolstoy (левниколаевичтолстой). He also wrote many fairy tales. He worked hard all his life and reached the peak of critical realism literature in Europe at that time. He also tried to create "the first-class works in world literature" with his powerful brushwork and superb artistic skills, so he was praised by Lenin as "a genius artist with the most vivid realism". Tolstoy's thought is full of contradictions, which is a reflection of complex contradictions in Russian society and a vivid portrayal of a noble intellectual with a sense of justice who is awake and confused, struggling and hesitant, shouting and frustrated when seeking a new life. Tolstoy's works, even if they contain reactionary and utopian things, are still the pride of the world's progressive mankind, and he is recognized as a literary master all over the world. Lev tolstoy was called "the mirror of Russian revolution" by Lenin. One of the three protagonists in Whose Biography is in Tolstoy's Biography.
6 Hemingway
Ernest? Ernest hemingway (1899 ~ 196 1) is an American novelist. 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature winner, founder of "news style" novel. Author's works: Castle Peak in Africa, The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Fifth Column, The Land of Spain, Dawn Reveals the Truth, Unfixed Holy Festival, Crossing the River into the Forest, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Dangerous Summer, The Old Man and the Sea, and
As the greatest American novelist in the 20th century, Hemingway not only shot off most of the crown, but also shocked the whole United States and even the whole world. People immediately realized that something vital had suddenly disappeared from this world. Hemingway died, and their own lives were eclipsed. People are suffering, as if Hemingway "ruined our lives, too." Now I'm a dead man, too "(Ordonez)
7 Turgenev
Ivan sergeevich turgeneve (Russian: ивансергеевичтургене) Born in a hereditary aristocratic family,181810128 October-1883 August 22nd, Turgenev was born in an old rich family. His creative career began in college. 1834, he wrote his first poetic drama "stino", which has distinct romantic characteristics. The narrative poem balasa published by 1843 marks his transition from romanticism to realism. Belinsky saw the author's "unique talent" from this poem. Then he gradually turned to prose creation. The first prose work is the novella Andre Kolosov. Then he published the narrative poem The Landlord and the novella Bitu Skov, all of which showed the influence of naturalism and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol.
He also wrote many plays, including Dinner, Banquet of the Noble, The Bachelor and so on. , mainly reflects the life and customs of the nobility. Novellas published in the early 1950s, such as Diary of a Redundant Man and Yakov Pa Sinkov. The play "January Village" reflects the contradiction between ordinary intellectuals and nobles for the first time. 1855, Turgenev published the famous play January in the Village, and began to pay more attention to the conflict between intellectuals and nobles. /kloc-published the novel "Luo Ting" in 0/856, which created an image of a little aristocratic rebel with revolutionary passion but lack of action. 1859, Turgenev published The Noble House. 1860, he published a novel the night before. Dobro Lyubov created the image of a revolutionary British Salo. He attached great importance to this novel and made a famous comment, "When will the real day come?" ? Turgenev asserted that "the eve is always not far from the next day" and described the eve of the revolution. Turgenev disagreed with this assertion and hoped that Necrasov would not make this comment. Necrasov's disagreement led to Turgenev's break with Modern People magazine. Bazarov, the hero of "Father and Son" published by Turgenev 1862, is arrogant and attaches importance to action and scientific experiments. It is a fictional new image of the author, but it has been attacked by Democrats.
8 o Henry
O Henry is his pen name, formerly known as William Sydney Porter. A famous American writer of critical realism, one of the three great masters of short stories in the world. He was praised by critics as a Manhattan Prize essayist and the father of modern American short stories. His works are novel in conception, humorous in language and often unexpected in ending. His representative works include the collection of novels "Cabbage and the King", "Four Million" and "The Road to Destiny".
Among them are masterpieces such as Sacrifice of Love, Police and Hymns, Furniture Rental, a famous American critical realist writer, and one of the three great short story masters in the world. (O Henry, Mo Bosang, Chekhov), formerly known as William Sydney Porter, is one of the most famous American short story writers. He was once praised by critics as the Laureate Prose Writer in Manhattan and the father of modern American short stories. He was born into a family of doctors in Green Sboro, North Carolina, USA. The room, the gift of the sage, and the last rattan leaf made him famous all over the world. O Henry is good at describing American society, especially the life of new york people. His works are novel in conception and humorous in language, and the ending always makes people "feel reasonable and unexpected"; It is also called "Humorous Encyclopedia of American Life" because it describes many characters and is full of interest in life. His representative works include the collection of novels "Cabbage and the King", "Four Million" and "The Road to Destiny". Some famous works such as Sacrifice of Love, Police and Hymns, Maggie's Gift (also known as sage's Gift), Room with Furniture for Rent, The Last Leaf of Ivy, etc. , made him famous in the world, and the short stories "The Gift of Maggie" and "Twenty Years Later" were included in the eighth grade Chinese textbook of Shanghai junior high school. "The Last Ivy Leaf" was compiled into the ninth grade Chinese textbook in Shanghai.
Famous sentence: "At this time, a supernatural feeling arises, thinking that life is composed of sobs, sniffles and smiles, and sniffles account for the vast majority." (Selected Short Stories by O 'Henry)
10 Chekhov
Anton pavlovich Chekhov (аантонпавловичехов).
His major works are Ivanov (1887), Seagull (1896), Uncle Vanya (1896), Three Sisters (190 1), and. His plays are full of lyrical flavor and rich subtext, which is memorable.
Willow, representing fat and thin people, longs for sleep.
In the hypnosis performance, the bad boy (the death of the shop assistant, the chameleon (selected in the first volume of the eighth grade Chinese book), my "she"
Pulling radish (imitating fairy tales), mask, oyster and necessary prelude.
Fiancee and dad, little people, premeditated criminals and men I know.
Goethe
Johann wolfgang von goethe (1749- 1832) was the most important playwright, poet and thinker in Germany and Europe from the middle of18th century to the beginning of19th century. Apart from poetry, drama and novels, Goethe has made outstanding achievements in literary theory, philosophy, history and modeling design. Goethe is the main leader of the German surge movement. His works are full of the rebellious spirit of soaring movement, and he has made great achievements in poetry, drama and prose. His major works include the script Gotz von Beresingen, the novella Young Werther, the unfinished poetic drama Prometheus and the prototype of the poetic drama Faust. Faust: Besides, he also wrote many lyric poems and critical articles.
12 Gorky Maxim Gorky
A great proletarian writer and social activist in the former Soviet Union. He comes from a poor family,
Experiencing the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism personally has an important influence on his thought and creative development. After entering the literary world, he created a series of heroic images of workers and proletarian revolutionaries and attacked the western capitalist system and reactionary thoughts. His representative works include Song of Haiyan, Autobiographical Trilogy Childhood, On Earth, My University and so on. The former Soviet Union has states and cities named after Gorky. Gorky (1868.3.28-1936.6.18), full name Maxim Gorky, formerly known as Alexei Macsimovici Piskov, also known as Shi levski, was a great proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union. Lenin said that he was "the most outstanding representative of proletarian literature". 1868 was born on March 28th in Nizhny Novgor Road on the Volga River in Russia.