Keats, whose full name is john keats [1] (john keats, 1795- 182 1), was born in London at the end of 18. He is one of the outstanding English poetry writers and a major member of the Romantic School. Father is the foreman of the stable. I loved literature since I was a child, but because of my poor family, I dropped out of school to study medicine before 16 years old. His parents died when they were teenagers. Although they supported each other with their brothers and sisters, the sadness of losing their parents prematurely always affected him. Keats received a traditional and formal education at enfield School. Keats was encouraged by his teacher Charles Corden Clark in reading and writing. Young Keats likes Virgil very much. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he translated Virgil's long poem Aeneas into English. 18 10, Keats was sent as an apprentice to a pharmacist. Keats was admitted to a medical school in London five years later, but within a year, Keats gave up his wish to be a doctor and concentrated on writing poetry. Keats tried to write poetry very early, and most of his early works were imitations. 18 17, Keats' first collection of poems was published. This collection of poems received some favorable comments, but some extremely harsh and rude comments were published in an influential magazine at that time (blackwood magazine). Undeterred, Keats copied Endymion, his new poetry collection, in the following spring. 18/kloc-in the summer of 0/8, Keats traveled to northern England and Scotland. On the way, he got the news that his brother Tom was suffering from severe tuberculosis. Keats hurried home to take care of Tom at once. At the end of this year, Tom died, and Keats moved to a friend's house in hampstead, Hampshire, which is now regarded as Keats' home. There, Keats met and fell in love with a young female neighbor, Fanny Braun. In the next few years, illness and economic problems have been bothering Keats, but he unexpectedly wrote a lot of excellent works, including A Night in St. agnes, Ode to Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale and Ode to Autumn, which showed the poet's strong feelings and love for nature and won a great reputation. Keats coughed up blood for the first time in March. 1820. Keats died of rapidly deteriorating tuberculosis on February 23rd, 182 1. When he died, only his young and loyal friend, the painter Severn, accompanied him.
His epitaph reads: here lies a
Whose name is written in the water?
People who sleep here are called water books.
Keats' first poem was an imitation of Spencer, and later he wrote many excellent sonnets. His early poems were included in the first book of poetry published in March 18 17. The following year, Andy Mien, written by him according to ancient Greek mythology, came out. The whole poem is rich in imagination, colorful, grand in structure and full of desire for freedom.
18 18 to 1820 is the heyday of Keats' poetry creation. He has successively completed famous long poems such as Isabella, The Eve of St. Yanni, Hyperion, and other famous works such as Ode to a Nightingale, Ode to an Ancient Greek Weng and Ode to Autumn.
Keats is brilliant in poetry, so are Shelley and Byron. His life is only 25 years old, but his poems are world-renowned, which are considered to perfectly embody the characteristics of western romantic poetry and be regarded as an outstanding representative of European romantic movement. He advocated that "beauty is truth and truth is beauty". He is good at describing the appearance of natural scenery and things, expressing the color sense and three-dimensional sense of scenery, attaching importance to writing skills and pursuing gorgeous language, which has a great influence on the creation of lyric poems in later generations.
"18 12 On February 23rd, he died in Rome and was buried in a Protestant cemetery in England at the age of 25. ..... It's hard to predict what he can achieve if he borrows a new year. But it is recognized that when he stopped writing at the age of 24, his contribution to the poetry world has greatly surpassed that of Chaucer, Shakespeare and Milton of his contemporaries. "
"Few great English poets are more humble than Keats." (Preface by Selected Poems of Keats/Tu An)
byron
brief introduction
George gordon byron (1788- 1824) is an outstanding representative of English romantic literature. 1788 65438+/kloc-0 was born in London on October 23rd, and his parents came from a declining aristocratic family. He was born lame and sensitive to it. At the age of ten, the hereditary title and property of the Byron family (Newstad Abbey is its residence) fell into his hands and became Byron VI. After graduating from Harrow College, he studied literature and history at Cambridge University on 1805- 1808. He is not a diligent student and seldom attends classes. But he widely read literature, philosophy and history works in Europe and Britain, and also engaged in shooting, gambling, drinking, hunting, swimming, boxing and other activities. 1March, 809, entered the House of Lords as a hereditary aristocrat. He attended the House of Lords and delivered some speeches, but these speeches clearly expressed Byron's progressive position of liberalism.
Graduated from Cambridge University. He is a member of the House of Lords. When I was a student, I was deeply influenced by the Enlightenment. 1809-1811year, he traveled to Spain, Greece, Turkey and other countries, and was inspired by the anti-aggression and anti-oppression struggles of people from all over the world, and created the Travels of Childe Harold. His masterpieces include Childe Harold's Travels and Don Juan. In his poems, he created many "Byronic heroes". They are aloof, fanatical and romantic, but full of rebellious spirit. Their hearts are full of loneliness and depression, but they despise small groups. Childe Harold is the first Byronic hero in Byron's poems. The most representative, combative and brilliant work in Byron's poetry is his long poem Don Juan, which describes the romantic stories of Don Juan, the son of Spanish aristocrats, such as travel, love and adventure, exposes the dark, ugly and hypocritical side of society and plays the battle song for freedom, happiness and liberation. Byron was not only a great poet, but also a fighter who struggled for his ideals all his life. He actively and bravely joined the revolution, participated in the Greek national liberation movement and became one of the leaders.
From1809-1811,Byron traveled abroad to the East in order to "meet people, not just read about them in books", and also to sweep away "the harmful consequences of an islander staying at home with narrow prejudice". During the trip, he began to write Childe. Haller's travels and other poems, and brewing future oriental story poems in his heart. "Childe. The first and second chapters of Haller's Travels came out in February 18 12, which caused a sensation in the literary world and made Byron a star in London society. However, this did not make him compromise with the British aristocratic bourgeoisie. He has been aware of the stubbornness, hypocrisy, evil and prejudice of this society and its ruling class since he was a child, and his poems have always been a protest against all this.
1811-1816, Byron has been living in a constant emotional vortex. In his popular social life, there is a lot of love to take part in accidental amusement, and the affair of a young aristocratic poet is naturally more talked about. Byron proposed to an Anna milbank on 18 13 and married her on 18 15 1. This is the biggest mistake Byron made in his life. Mrs. Byron is a narrow-minded person, deeply influenced by the hypocrisy of her class, and can't understand Byron's career and views at all. One year after his marriage, he returned home with his daughter, who had just been born for more than a month, and refused to live with Byron, thus causing rumors. The British ruling class took this opportunity to take the craziest revenge on its traitor Byron in an attempt to destroy this poet who dared to be his enemy. The painful feelings of this period also made him write poems like Prometheus, expressing his determination to resist the oppressors to the end.
Byron left England forever in April 19 16. A biographer said that he was "driven out of the country, and his money belt and heart were ruined." He left and never came back; But after he left, he found new inspiration by the rapids of the Jon River and wrote works that made his name immortal under the Italian sky. "
18 16, Byron lived in Switzerland and met another exiled poet Shelley in Geneva. Their hatred of British rule and their love of poetry made them close friends.
While living abroad, Byron wrote Childe Haller's Travels (18 16-1817) and a story poem, Prisoner of Sion (1816). Don Juan, the representative work, is Byron's most important group of poems, which is half poetic, half harmonious, half narrative and half argument, with realistic content, strange, relaxed and ironic brushwork. After the first and second chapters were published anonymously, they immediately caused great repercussions. British newspapers defending bourgeois decency rose up and attacked it, accusing it of attacking religion and morality, which was "a mockery of decency, good feelings and the code of conduct necessary for maintaining society" and "disgusting to every normal mind", and so on.
But it is also highly respected. Writer Walter Scott said that Don Juan was "as comprehensive as Shakespeare, he covered every topic of life, plucked every string on the sacred piano and played the smallest, strongest and most shocking tune." Goethe, a poet, said, "Don Juan is a work of complete genius-cynical to the point of almost desperate vitriol, gentle to delicate and touching feelings ...". After the sixteenth chapter of Don Juan was written, Byron was ready to devote himself to the national liberation movement in Greece.
This is the poet's last and most brilliant career. He hated both holy alliance's oppression of European nations and Turkish rule of Greece. 1824, Byron was busy preparing for the war. It's a pity that he caught a cold in the rain and couldn't afford to get sick. He died on April 65438, 2009. His death made the Greek people extremely sad, and the whole country mourned for 2 1 day.
Looking back on his life, his poems and his spirit is enough to convince anyone who can feel it: Byron is not only a great poet, but also a poet that is always needed in the world, laughing at his meanness and inspiring him to take higher actions.
works
Byron struggled for the ideals of democracy, freedom and national liberation all his life and worked hard to create them. His works are of great historical significance and artistic value. His unfinished novel Don Juan is a magnificent narrative poem with broad artistic conception, superb views and outstanding art, which is rare in the history of British and even European literature.
Byron began to write poems when he was a student. After the publication of his second book of poetry, The Moment of Leisure (1807), it was attacked by Edinburgh Review. The poet replied with the poem "English Poets and Scottish Critics" (1809), which showed his outstanding talent and satirical edge for the first time. Childe Harold's Travels (chapter 1 2) published by 18 12 is his famous work. 18 16, Byron was rejected by the upper class because of his private life, and moved to Italy in a rage. In Italy, he wrote the third and fourth chapters of Childe Harold's Travels (18 16, 18 18). This lyric narrative poem and the unfinished masterpiece Don Juan are his most famous masterpieces.
Byron also wrote a series of narrative poems, such as Pagan (18 13), Pirates (18 14) and Manfred (18 17).
At the beginning of 1823, the anti-soil struggle in Greece rose. Byron put down Don Juan, which he was writing, and resolutely went to Greece to participate in the armed struggle of the Greek people for freedom and independence. April 1824, died in the Greek army. His poems have great influence in Europe and China.