If history represents reality, then poetry represents romance. Reality and romance are often not completely consistent, and Fei Long is an example between reality and romance.
In the 12th year of Jiazi Kaiyuan (724), Wang Changling went west to Yumenguan, Longyou Road. That night, Leng Yue was hanging in the air, and the cool breeze brushed his face. Wang Changling looked into the distance, but he saw Yumenguan in the distance, shrouded in moonlight, as if he were a lonely old man, standing in the desert for thousands of years, expecting the sons and daughters of the expedition to return as soon as possible.
Intellectual, a feeling of sadness, Wang Changling eyes slightly hot, I blurted out:
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
To Wang Changling's surprise, his unintentional work "River Embankment" has become a timeless quatrain, echoing over Yumenguan forever. No matter how the world changes, anyone passing by here will unconsciously whisper those words. Someone always asks: Who is the flying commander in chief of Longcheng?
1 The origin of General Flying in Longcheng
When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first ascended the throne, he still pursued the policy of closeness and friendship, treated the Huns well and exchanged needed goods. Huns all like to go to Guanshi near the Great Wall to buy their favorite goods.
(1) In BC 133, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched the first battle against the Huns: he planned to lure the enemy deep and annihilate them around Mayi.
(1) Han army ambush: Han Anguo, an ancient counselor, led four generals, including Li Guang, Gongsun He, Wang Hui and Li Xi, and led 300,000 Han troops to ambush near Mayi in advance. ② Lure the enemy into depth: Nie Wengyi made a false defection and lured Khan to attack Mayi. Minister Khan was overjoyed and immediately led hundreds of cavalry to invade Wuzhou frontier fortress. (3) See through the plan: When Khan was still 100 miles away from Mayi, he found that there were no shepherds everywhere, and he became suspicious. At this time, I happened to meet the history of the governor of Yanmen County. That guy gave up the ambush plan of the Han army in order to survive. The Huns were frightened to disgrace and immediately led the troops to fight back. The 300,000 Han troops lurking in Mayi returned in vain.
Ant ambush
Since then, the relationship between China and Hungary has been cut off, and the Huns have no scruples, constantly attacking the frontier fortress and plundering the border people at will.
Sino-Hungarian diplomacy broke down, but bilateral trade relations have not been greatly affected, and the border trade is still booming. The Huns liked the goods produced by the Han Dynasty very much, and the Han Dynasty kept trade with them, deliberately paralyzing them.
(2) In 129 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a second attack on the Huns: a surprise attack on the border town of Guanshi.
① Wei Qing: Starting from Shanggu County, attacking the city (namely Longcheng) and killing more than 700 Huns; ② Gong Sunhe: Starting from Yunzhong County, he returned without success; ③ Gongsun Ao: Starting from Dai Jun, he failed and lost more than 7,000 people; ④ Li Guang: Starting from Yanmen County, he failed, was captured, and then fled to the Han Dynasty.
2? Where is Longcheng?
(1) Statement 1: Khan Wang Ting.
(1) the huns also held a big and a small sacrifice twice a year. In the first month, a small sacrifice was held in Khan Wang Ting. In May, a large party was held in Longcheng to worship ancestors, gods of heaven and earth, and ghosts and gods. Therefore, Longcheng is not Khan Wang Ting. (2) The target of this attack by the Han army is Guanshi on the border between China and Hungary. In addition, the Xiongnu only lost 700 people in the Battle of Longcheng, which shows that it is a small force. Wang Ting is the seat of Hun Khan, near Xushan where the jackal lives. With a population of only 10,000 in Wei Qing, how can we go deep into the desert to take Huanglong? In fact, it was not until the Battle of Mobei in 1 19 BC that Huo Qubing arrived at the Wolf House in Xushan to worship the heaven. (2) Statement 2: Yehuling District, Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou.
In BC 162, when Emperor Xiaowen of the Han Dynasty and Lao Shangji Zhou Dan negotiated peace, the two sides agreed to take the Great Wall as the boundary, with Xiongnu in the north and Han Dynasty in the south.
To sum up, Longcheng is most likely Yehuling, Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City.
Who recovered Yinshan?
Modu chanyu beat back the Vietnamese and annexed Loufan and Aries, the king of Henan. Taking advantage of the contention between Chu and Han in the Central Plains, they made a comeback and recovered all the land taken away by Meng Tian in the Qin Dynasty, which was bounded by the original Henan plug in the Han Dynasty until Chaona and Pumice.
Until BC 127, Wei Qing led 30,000 cavalry out of Yunzhong County and went west to Longxi, using circuitous tactics to drive away Loufan and Aries, which belonged to Xiongnu, and recaptured the south bank of the Yellow River Hetao. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the construction of Shuofang County and Wuyuan County there, with 65,438+million immigrants, and the construction of Qin Changcheng, relying on the Yellow River as a solid defense line.
4. What is the purpose of Wang Changling's poems?
In 72 1 AD, Pijiahan, then the leader of the Turks, made peace with Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty every year. Especially in 727 AD, Tubo wrote to invite the Pegasus Khan League to harass the border of the Tang Dynasty. Pegasus Khan not only refused, but also sent the letter to the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty affirmed Pega Khan's sincerity and set up a mutual market in the western surrender city of the Shuofang army to exchange horses.
The poem "Out of the Fortress" was written around 724 AD, which coincided with the prosperous new century when the bilateral relations between Turkey and the Tang Dynasty were harmonious. I think Wang Changling wrote this poem just to remember the heroes who defended the frontier in Qin and Han Dynasties!
Conclusion: An argument about the flying commander of Dragon City is over, and the result is beyond everyone's expectation.
Chusai became a poem with the most harmonious bilateral relationship between Turkey and Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty. Under such a peaceful background, the Tang Dynasty should pay more attention to maintaining this good bilateral relationship. Why did it use an excellent general to deal with the Turkish attack on the border?
I don't think Wang Changling will be so alarmist. Perhaps moved by the sight of Yumenguan, I wrote "Bunker" to remember and praise the soldiers who have stuck to the frontier for many years.
Whether it is Wei Qing who raided Liuzhou to recapture the Hetao, Li Guang who guarded the frontier fortress for many years, Huo Qubing who sealed the wolf in Xushan, and soldiers who guarded the frontier fortress for many years; No matter in Qin and Han Dynasties or in Li Tang, no matter in ancient times or today, every soldier guarding the frontier is worthy of the title of "Flying General of Dragon City". They are the patron saint of China.