The prosperity of poetry in Tang Dynasty largely depended on the prosperous social economy and stable political environment, and the imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry also contributed to the poetic atmosphere of feudal literati. Based on the ideal of making contributions, poets in the Tang Dynasty critically inherited the tradition of China's poetry and constantly brought forth the new, which is the internal reason for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
Keywords Analysis of the Reasons for the Prosperity of Tang Poetry
As a literary style, the prosperity of Tang poetry can also be said to be a necessity of cultural development, which also led to the change of literary genre, first of all, the change of language. With the changes of social nature, economic system, politics and centralization in the Tang Dynasty, the "poetic" literature in the Tang Dynasty reached an unprecedented period of prosperity. This also shows that a literary school needs to constantly find the soil to adapt to its own development and prosperity for its own survival. The Tang Dynasty is a fertile ground for the growth of this poetic literature, so two different views on the original poem "expressing ambition" and "destiny" found their intersection in the Tang Dynasty. Today, we believe that the people's way of thinking and language habits in the Tang Dynasty provided conditions for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
The Tang Dynasty was the golden age in the history of China's poetry. No matter how strict the ancient style is, no matter how many words are spoken, the division of factions and the evolution of ideological trend, it presents a chaotic scene. The so-called "Yuan Qu of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry" attributed "poetry" to the Tang Dynasty, which showed the position and monopoly of the Tang Dynasty in the history of poetry, and the "poetic" literature reached an unprecedented peak in the Tang Dynasty.
First of all, the relaxed political environment in the Tang Dynasty played a very important role in the prosperity of poetry.
We often say that the development of things often depends on the social environment and its nature at that time. At that time, a series of policies and measures such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism created a good social environment for the prosperity of Tang poetry. No matter in ancient times or in contemporary times, the centralization of monarchy and political power have had an important impact on the development of literature. From the past dynasties, it is not difficult to find that many times, literature is in the hands of bureaucrats-literati, who have the psychology of flattering the monarch in order to win favor. Especially in Han Fu, poems in Jian 'an era and court literature in Chen Liang era, we can see the direct influence of the interaction between politics and literature. Let's go back to the poems of the Tang Dynasty. Several effective emperors in the Tang Dynasty did not like literature and music, and did not advocate elegance. Emperor Taizong successively opened a "Literature Museum", which enrolled bachelors, compiled documents, sang and recited scriptures. After Gao Zongwu, he preferred music and often made up new words to make Yuefu. When I arrived in Zhongzong, it was even more common for the monarch and ministers to compose poems for fun. Looking at Xuanzong again, this poetic atmosphere is even more prosperous. He himself is a poet and musician. Other emperors also preferred literature as a way to raise bonuses. Moreover, in the Tang Dynasty, poetry was used to select scholars.
As the ruling dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was proud of its peers for generations and had an unprecedented mind. More importantly, the great ethnic integration in the Tang Dynasty was unprecedented in the history of China. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, was of foreign descent, which fully demonstrated the unprecedented openness of the ethnic policy in the Tang Dynasty. It is precisely because of this political background that the Tang Dynasty was able to face the "foreign culture" with unprecedented confidence. Ming and Qing dynasties are also difficult to compare. The national policy pursued by the Tang Dynasty is "China is safe, foreigners should be self-sufficient", and foreigners are treated equally. Many foreign cultures have merged into Tang Wenhua, showing the power of China. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua says: "Or ask:' Why does Tang poetry prevail over our dynasty?' The Tang Dynasty learned from poetry, so there was a lot of specialized knowledge, so the poetry of our dynasty was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty. "This shows that the monarch of the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to poetry. In the fourth year, Gaozu Wude began to take scholars. In the first game, he took an examination of poetry and prose, and each poem required 12 sentences. As mentioned earlier, Emperor Taizong opened the "Literature Pavilion" and "Hong Wen Pavilion" to recruit writers. The so-called "this is better. "King Chu Ling has a thin waist, but there are many hungry people in the countryside." The rulers of the Tang Dynasty even went to Korea. More than 48,900 poems were recorded in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty compiled during the reign of Kangxi, among which Li Shimin's Ten Poems of the Imperial Capital was in the forefront. Later Gaozong, Zetian, Zhongzong, Zong Rui and Xuanzong Li Longji all attached great importance to this. "
In the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties attached great importance to poetry, and few of them were grandstanding, which made the poet feel the improvement of his status, made the poet civilian, and the content of poetry was all-encompassing. Emperor Taizong has "Looking for the Tomb", Xuanzong has "How to Send to Siming" and Xuanzong has "Hanging Bai Juyi". Even poets who committed capital crimes were edited and published. Compared with Su Dongpo, who was demoted in the previous generation, or the massacre in the Qing Dynasty, the poets in the Tang Dynasty were still very lucky. In the poetic literature of the Tang Dynasty, the life, political status, historical stories, disparity between the rich and the poor, women's problems, philosophy of life and parting love of rural businessmen, concubines and even nuns are all described. This expands the boundaries of poetry. Effectively enriched the content of poetry. This kind of substantial progress was not available before the Tang Dynasty. Poets and famous writers in the Tang Dynasty were not special classes of monarchs and nobles, most of them came from the people. They all have rich experience in human life and real life. It is an important reason for the development and glory of Tang poetry to transfer from the poetry world mastered by monarchs and nobles to the hands of folk poets. Except for a few folk songs in the past dynasties, almost all of them were in the hands of monarchs and nobles, and those so-called monarchs and nobles were pampered, lacked the world, and did not understand the real situation of life, especially the feelings and consciousness of the suffering people at the lower level, which was difficult to arouse the public's * * *.
Secondly, the rapid economic development in the Tang Dynasty laid a material foundation for the prosperity of Tang poetry, but it was not the absolute factor for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
Historically, the Tang Dynasty was a big country in China, and it was the peak of the development of feudal society. It is precisely because of this prosperous economy that the necessary material conditions for the development of art and other things in the Tang Dynasty were created. Imagine that if people don't have enough to eat and their heads are in danger of moving at any time, it's probably not a good time to write poetry. However, in the Tang Dynasty, the country was rich and the people were strong, before Taizong Zhenguan, and after Xuanzong Kaiyuan. Du: "Rice. There are plenty of public and private granaries, and the society almost reached the point of Datong in ancient times. In such an era of national prosperity and national security, poetry and fu in the Tang Dynasty can indeed find fertile ground for vigorous development. But from the details, the developed economy in the Tang Dynasty did not play an absolute role in the prosperity of Tang poetry. I think the role of economy in literature is indirect and mediated by politics. I think that the prosperity of the economy in the Tang Dynasty is at most a change of poetic style. The economy has influenced the poet's mentality and made the Tang poetry have the beauty of growth, tolerance and optimism. In addition, there are many examples of unbalanced economic and literary development throughout the ages. In the early Tang Dynasty, the society was stable, and Tang poetry did achieve something for a long time, but it was slightly different. On the contrary, in the late Tang dynasty, it was not so stable, but further prospered.
The third point is that cultural changes and the historical evolution of poetry itself are also one of the indispensable conditions for the prosperity of Tang poetry.
The Tang Dynasty has its unique cultural background. First, everything from the secrets of the Tang Dynasty to the court to the scenes of life can be included in poetry, which is a hundred times richer than that of the previous dynasty. Metrology is more mature and complete, realism and romanticism coexist, and a variety of poetic styles are born. It is precisely because of the rich cultural background that Tang poetry has brought colorful play to the world. Secondly, the poets in Tang Dynasty are not limited to princes and princes, but complete Tang poems compiled by Qing people. There are even "ordinary people, vendors and pawns, monks and nuns, child molesters, fishermen and woodcutters, stick artists and even beggars". In addition, the Tang Dynasty was a very free and open society, which provided opportunities for the unprecedented development and prosperity of Tang literature. In this cultural atmosphere, the vigorous development of Tang poetry is completely understandable and an inevitable trend.
The historical evolution of poetry has to start from the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. Four-character poems sprouted in the early Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Qin and Han Dynasties from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Five-character ancient poems were created in the Eastern Han Dynasty and flourished in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, seven-character ancient poems and new-style poems began to form in the Six Dynasties, and in the Tang Dynasty, with the changes in the economic, political and scientific development system, poets happened to be there. Completed the unfinished life of poetry itself. At that time, the fusion of ci and fu has been rigid for a long time, and the new style has not yet been formed, which has brought more creative space for literati's creation, focusing on poetry, thus achieving the glory of poetry in the Tang Dynasty. Of course, the relatively poor historical accumulation laid a good foundation for the dominance of Tang poetry. Before the Tang Dynasty, although there were songs in The Book of Songs and the style of Chen Gongliang, there was no peak to look up to. It is possible to draw with white paper.
In a word, the prosperity of Tang poetry has its reasons. No matter from the aspects of economy, politics, culture and history, the Tang Dynasty had all the conditions for the prosperity of poetry, which provided an unprecedented excellent environment for poetry creation and led to the prosperity of poetry literature in the Tang Dynasty, thus forming China's unique "poetic literature".