What are the two main "poetic means" used in old English poetry?

Alliteration and double rhyme.

Alliteration and double rhyme are two main poetic means commonly used in old English poetry.

Alliteration refers to a rhetorical device of repeating the same consonant phoneme in poetry or prose, which originated from the main prosodic form of ancient western European poetry.

Double rhyme style is a kind of English classical poetry style, which evolved from ten-syllable double rhyme style. There are five steps in each line, and each step has two syllables, the first is light tone, and the second is stress.