Huai River God, also known as Huai River Water Army or Huai Duye. Blasphemy, the river originated from the sea is blasphemy, and the Lord of Huai River is the folk name for the water god of Huai River. Also known as the god of Huai vortex. Vortex water originated in the west of Kaifeng City and flowed into Huaihe River in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province. It is an important tributary of the Huaihe River, so it is even called Huai vortex. There used to be many Wang Yu temples and Huaidu temples in the Huaihe River valley, which accounts for one-eighth of the country's population. Although most of them are decadent at present, in the hearts of ordinary people who have suffered from floods, although they can't tell who the water god of Huaihe River is, they know the famous Emperor Huai or the Dragon King. Peace is sought in times of flood, and rain is prayed in times of drought. People still burn incense and pray at the ruins of ancient temples or the Huaihe River to show their piety. It can be seen that the worship of "Huai Shui Shen" still remains in people's hearts.
Among the literati of past dynasties, there have been different views on whether the water god of Huaihe River is Wu Shuo or not. In this paper, I express my views on this topic in a simple way, in order to seek advice from the Fang family.
I. Show Chen Geng
According to The Classic of Mountains and Seas and other ancient books, Chen Geng is a "powerful and outstanding" upper limit god, who works as a bodyguard beside Ms. Yunhua, the daughter of the Western Queen Mother (the ancestor of all immortals). During the reign of Emperor Yao, Dayu was ordered to "lay the earth". In order for Dayu to successfully control the floods in the world and rebuild his homeland for the people, Mrs Yunhua sent seven heavenly generals, including Chen Geng, to help. They are well-connected, loyal to their duties, split mountains and talk about Taoism, subdue demons and catch monsters, and all have made great achievements. During the thirteen years of following Dayu, he took part in the struggle against the house style and eliminated his evil minister Xiang Liu one by one. Especially in the fierce battle between Tongbai Mountain and the monster Wu, he showed great power and surrendered the "first monster in history" Wu. This is the pinnacle of Chen Geng's extraordinary achievements, and it is also the main reason why he is known as Lord Huai.
The theory that Chen Geng is the water god of Huaihe River mainly comes from the following points:
(1) The article in Tai Ping Guang Ji quotes the cloud of Chatting with the Curtain and Li Tang: "... after Chen Geng, all people tried to do this to avoid Huai Tao's suffering". The premise is that the wizard Qi, the "Huai Water Monster", has the function of suppressing evil spirits, so all the people in Huai tried their best to make an example of him. If we extend our thinking, Chen Geng's image can ward off evil spirits, so can we keep peace forever by shaping his golden body into the Huai God?
(2) Some officials and scholars revere those who represent justice and drive out evil, and are angry that Wu once ravaged floods and squandered his life, so they vilify Wu everywhere and praise him. Tang Long, the magistrate of Fengyang in the Ming Dynasty (later promoted to the official department), once said in the Inscription on Rebuilding Huaidu Temple in Jiajing nine years, how can Wu's water demon be pregnant with God? Reading Sven Yayi tries to deny Wu's theory of water god, but there is no guidance to follow and it is inconvenient to define it as Huai God, which is a more tendentious statement.
(3) People's "taking for granted". For people who work at sunrise and rest at sunset, since they heard this scholar say that he is a just god who can subdue evil witches and support Qi, they can even shock other mountain monsters. So, of course, whether Chen Geng is a blasphemer or a dragon Lord.
Second, Wu's interpretation of
Wu, also known as Wu, Wu and so on. , is a demon monkey born in Tongbai Mountain. Murong chats with Li Tang in a cloud: "... crouching like an ape" "His name is Wu. He looks like an ape, with a high nose, white head, golden eyes and snow teeth. It is magical, "the force is super nine elephants, fighting and rushing, regardless of the benefits." "Thousands of magic warriors can't help him clean up. In the battle between Tongbai Mountain and Dayu, Wu fought side by side with seven heavenly generals. After that, Chen Geng flew into the air, put a chain around his neck and forced him to surrender. Imprisoned at the foot of Junshan Mountain (see ancient fairy tales).
Wu Weihuai said that there are generally the following points to support:
(1) "Chu Ci Jiu Huai Si Zhong" says: "Xuanwu jellyfish don't like it, I hope it will be glorious." It says here that jellyfish are gods. The Ming Dynasty pottery "Textual Research" says: jellyfish is a kind of unsupported qi.
(2) Mr. Yuan Ke, a master of modern mythology in China, said in the Dictionary of China Myths and Legends that "the Dragon King, the Duke of * * and the Duke of * * are all water gods".
(3) In the authoritative reference book "Ci Yuan", Wu Jiang's words are called "Huai Shui Shen Ye" (see the fourth year of the Republic of China [19 15] edition).
(4) Mr. Yuan Ke's textual research in "Essays on a Journey to the West": "The mythical figures, the Dragon Daughter in" Liu Yi "and Wu in" Ancient Classics ",have had a great influence among the people because of their successful shaping. People believe in it, respect it and even make statues for them. Before liberation, a cast sitting statue without supporting iron was unearthed near the Yellow River in Henan Province, with a bent neck and a twisted back. The head has double horns and is about one meter high. The back is engraved with the date of March of the first year of Jianzhong in Song Dynasty. The year number of "Zhong Jian Guo Jing" was built in Evonne, Song Huizong, with the first year of11year, which has been nearly a thousand years. This shows that in the Huanghuai Valley, at least from the beginning of Wu, it has been regarded as the Huai God.
(5) Before Dayu led the Huai River, the Wu family claimed to be the water god of Huai River vortex. "The Romance of Ancient Myths" said: "Wu dominated the Huaihe River Basin for decades and claimed to be the King of Huai, so all his sons were called princes." Wu also built a palace at the foot of Guishan (now Hongze Lake), commonly known as Dragon Palace. Three palaces were built in the north of Guangshan County, Henan Province, the west of Huoqiu County, and the east of Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, so that the three sons could keep their own water. He tried his best to expand his power, set off floods and merged the lower reaches of Huaihe River with the lower reaches of Yangtze River. "From Tongbai mountain south to Yunmeng osawa, reaching the source of Hunan water, his henchmen are everywhere. Therefore, within a thousand miles of Fiona Fang, Mufu, Shuiling, Shan Yao and Stone Monsters all obey his orders and are under his control. "
(6) Folk inheritance. In the myth of supporting Wu Qi in the middle and upper reaches of Huaihe River, many people call it filial piety and dragon-turning, such as the origin of Huaihe River in Tongbai County and the visit to mother by dragons. Or "Good jiaozi Good Dragon", such as Xinyang's Oolong and Oolong Set and Dragon Egg. In the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, it is often called the Great Sage of Water Ape, Jellyfish or Jellyfish Goddess (see Legend of Ming Zuling collected by Xu Shengsheng in Huaiyin City, etc.). ). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu even called the Monkey King and Lishan's mother brother and sister (see Jing Xian's zaju The Journey to the West, etc. ). In short, in the legend of witchcraft being evil and dealing with evil first, the latter prevailed. Therefore, it is reasonable for quite a few people to regard Wu as the water god of Huaihe River.
Third, define the tendency of water gods in Huaihe River.
Looking at the life and experience of He Wu, as well as ancient books and folk influences, it is not difficult to see that it is less likely to be a Huai God, and the analysis is as follows:
Chen Geng returned to heaven after his success. Lady Yunhua, who is in charge of the God of the East, lent Chen Geng to Dayu as a bodyguard. After Dayu succeeded in harnessing the water, Emperor Yao knighted him within seven days in order to reward his work, while the generals Tong Lu, Dayi, Huang Mo and He Tian resolutely returned to heaven, leaving only a greedy heart and being sealed as a martial art.. In the fifth year of Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty, coffins were unearthed, and other anecdotes such as apparitions were handed down from generation to generation by a scholar Qian (see "The Romance of Ancient Myths").
(2) Chen Geng is not fit to be a water god. Natural history says that "water god rides arowana", and Mr. Yuan Ke thinks that "water god is related to ichthyosaurs". The body called the water god "the white-faced mermaid". For example, Yujiang, the sea god, is a "fish-like hand and foot", and Tianwu, Shui Bo, is a beast with eight sides, eight feet and eight tails and a green back. (Dragon) The magical image of ginger is "dragon's head", (yellow) Hebo is "fish's face", (Shu) Li Bing is "cow's shape first, then dragon's body", and Longwang are both dragons. In short, according to the research of experts and scholars such as Mr. Yuan Ke, "Water gods are snakes, dragons, cows and monkeys, and nothing more than fish or beasts" (see Yuan Ke's Dictionary of China Myths and Legends). Chen Geng, who is good-looking, "looks like a full moon, with a golden crown, red lips and white teeth, which is quite exquisite" (see Ancient Mythology). As an immortal god, Chen Geng can't degrade himself to be a fairy on earth, let alone go to Shuifu to associate with dragons and snakes.
(3) There is no record that Chen Geng is the water god of Huaihe River. It was only during the flood period that Chen Geng appeared in ancient books and was ordered to assist Dayu in water control, and he returned to heaven after success. Since then, Chen Geng has never appeared in ancient books.
The probability that Wu is a Huai God is high, and its advantages are as follows:
(1) It is recorded in ancient books that cultural relics (iron statues) unearthed in the Song Dynasty and extensive folk inheritance. The Wu family was the water god of Huaihe River in Song Dynasty, and later generations could not avoid customs.
(2) Wu's monkey shape, dragon body and magical power are suitable for being a water god. Besides, before Dayu led Huai River, he was already a "Huai River Army".
(3) Since the 1920s, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have verified that it is the prototype of The Journey to the West's hero the Monkey King. He is a man who made a mistake first, then turned over a new leaf and became a "positive result". The Monkey King can be named "Fighting Buddha", and Wu can also be named "Huai Vortex Water God". Because after he turned over a new leaf, he helped Dayu manage the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River (see Legend of China).
(4) As the most influential "the first monster in the ages", Wu has been active in poetry, books, paintings and folk rap scripts since the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially in the opera stage of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In order to write the book Huaiyuan and Journey to the West, the author visited Hongze Lake along the Huaihe River. Some local enthusiasts are planning to rebuild Huaidu Temple. What puzzles them is that they can't determine who is a blasphemer with Wu, and they can't create idols. Although the author is inclined, this proposition is still inconclusive in academic circles. So, I can't answer it, but I have been suppressing it. Recently, after consulting experts and professors such as Liu Huaiyu, president of the National Journey to the West Cultural Research Association, they were more cautious, but clearly pointed out that the theory of cherishing gods should be based on witchcraft and kindness. The author initiated this topic, aiming at attracting jade, hoping that relevant predecessors and experts would dispel doubts and form a conclusion as soon as possible.