These buildings skillfully use some principles of acoustics, which not only have strong use value, but also receive wonderful artistic effects. It shows the wisdom of the ancient working people in China.
Many buildings using acoustic effects have been found in China. Tiantan in Beijing and Yingying Tower in Yongji, Shanxi are well-preserved buildings with good acoustic effects. In addition, there are Qin Shi in Tongnan County, Sichuan Province, Chanyin Tower in suburban counties of Henan Province and Zhenfeng Tower in Hejin County, Shanxi Province.
Tiantan in Beijing is a famous building in Ming Dynasty. Among them, the imperial vault was built in 1530, formerly known as "Taidian", and changed to its current name in 1535. Some buildings in the Temple of Heaven have high acoustic effects, which adds mystery to this unusual place of worship.
The architectural acoustic effects of the Temple of Heaven are: echo wall, three-tone stone and dome.
Echo wall is a circular wall around the imperial vault, with a height of about 6 meters and a circular radius of about 32.5 meters. There are three buildings in it, one of which is a circular imperial vault, located in the middle of the north, which is only 2.5 meters away from the city wall. The echo wall has only one door, facing the imperial vault.
The whole wall is very neat and smooth, which is a good sound reflector.
If there are two people far apart, A is close to the wall and whispering to the wall, and B can hear clearly near the wall, and the sound seems to come from near B. As long as the angle between the sound emitted by A and the tangent of point A is greater than 22 degrees, the sound will touch the imperial vault and reflect to other places, and B will not hear clearly or hear it.
Under the steps of the imperial vault, a white stone road leads directly to the gate of the fence. From the bottom of the steps to the south, the third white stone is right in the middle of the fence. It is said that you can hear three sounds when you clap your hands on this white stone, so the white stone in the middle is called "Three Tones Stone".
Actually, it's not exactly like this. Clap your hands on Sanyin Stone, not only can you hear 3 rings, 5 rings, 6 rings, but also have the same effect near Sanyin Stone, but the sound is a little vague.
This is because the sound from Sanyinshi propagates equidistantly to the fence and is reflected back to the center by the fence, so the echo is heard. The echo scattered again and reflected back, so I heard the second echo.
Repeat this way, you can hear the echo more than three times, until the sound energy is gradually absorbed by the wall and air in the process of propagation and reflection, and the sound intensity is weakened and you can't hear it.
If the castanet is near Sanyin Stone, the sound from there will reach the fence, but it can't be fully reflected to the castanet's ears, so the echo will be blurred.
The dome is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to heaven. It is a three-story circular platform built with bluestone. There are stone railings around each floor of the high platform. There are stone steps on the east, west, south and north of the railing. The highest floor is about 5 meters above the ground, with a radius of about 1 1.4 meters.
The high platform is paved with very smooth bluestone with good reflective performance, and the center of the circle is slightly higher than the surrounding area, forming a slightly inclined desktop. If a person stands in the middle of a high platform and talks, the sound he hears is much louder than usual, and it feels as if it is coming from underground.
This is because when people touch the lower part of the railing, it will immediately reflect to the inclined bluestone table, and then reflect to people's ears.
Yingying Pagoda is the stupa of Yongji Pujiu Temple in Shanxi. Because the story of Zhang Sheng and Yingying in the classic Romance of the West Chamber took place in Pujiu Temple, it is called Yingying Tower.
The tower was built in the period of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, and it is a seven-story hollow square brick tower. Destroyed by the Ming Dynasty 1555 earthquake. Eight years after the earthquake, the tower was restored to its original state, and the tower height was raised to 50 meters on the 13 floor.
The most obvious acoustic effect of Yingying Tower is that you can clap your hands when you hit a stone within 10 meters from the tower, and you can hear frogs 30 meters away. At about 0/5 meters from Tayo/Kloc-0, I hit a stone and clapped my hands, but I heard frogs coming from the bottom of the tower. Under the tower, you can hear the sound of gongs and drums and songs in the village 2500 meters away from the tower; The voices of villagers in the distance will also be focused and amplified by the tower.
This strange sound effect is originally caused by the shape of the tower: the tower is hollow and has the function of a resonant cavity, which can amplify the external sound. Each floor outside the tower has a wide inverted eaves, which can reflect the sound back to the ground. /kloc-the sound reflected from the tower eaves on the 0/3 floor is slightly different, and it gathers in people's ears 30 meters away, forming the feeling of a frog.
Qin Shi was located on a mountain road on the right side of the Great Buddha Temple in Tongnan County, Chongqing. It consists of 36 stone steps, like a huge stone wall. From the fourth stone step from the bottom of the lower main entrance to the nineteenth stone step, each step is like a string. If you climb the steps, it will make a melodious sound, and the timbre is quite like an guqin.
The acoustic principle of stone pedal pronunciation is that the stone steps generate forced vibration and form sound waves in the air. Among them, the seven stone steps at the top of the rock walls on both sides make the loudest sound, and the sound at the foot is like the sound of a piano, which is fascinating. The ancients called it "seven steps to play the piano" and titled it "the sound of playing the piano with a stone pedal"
Toad Sound Tower is in the suburb of Henan Province. The sound tower is ugly, but it takes people away with strange sounds. On either side of the tower, the distance from the tower 10 meter, whether you clap your hands or knock on the stone, you can hear the echo of the frog. For example, there are thousands of toads singing in the eardrum in the pond in spring, which makes people daydream.
The conclusion of the analysis is that the toad tower itself is arranged in an orderly way, and its eaves have a convergent reflection effect on the sound, thus producing an echo.
Zhenfeng Tower, located in Kangjiazhuang, Hejin County, Shanxi Province, is an echo tower with better echo effect than Yongji Yingying Tower, a world-famous tower.
The plane of the anti-wind tower is square, which is a solid tower with dense eaves. There are *** 13 floors, with a perimeter of18.4m and a height of about 30m. A small iron bell hung from the eaves and arches of each floor, and the wind tinkled.
The pagoda is gourd-shaped with a vertical phoenix at the top. Standing at the bottom of the tower, clapping your hands and stamping your feet, knocking bricks and hitting stones, the different calls of small frogs and big toads, and the crisp and pleasant birdsong came from the middle and upper part of the tower. If more than 10 people clap their hands together, it sounds like frogs singing by the pond in summer night. It's beautiful and wonderful!
The ancient architecture in China is a scientific treasure house using acoustic effects. Many achievements of acoustic architecture reflect the combination of acoustics and music, acoustics and philosophy, acoustics and architecture, military and so on. This is also one of the fundamental characteristics of the development of ancient physics in China.
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