Zhang Wuji (? -1366) Leader of the Northern Red Scarf Army in the late Yuan Dynasty. His father and ancestors were leaders of Ambry. After his father's failed uprising died, he and his mother Yin fled to Hangzhou and then hid in the East China Sea as an island. Fifteen years of perfection (
1355), was welcomed by Liu Futong to Haozhou (now Haoxian County, Anhui Province), established the political power of the Song Dynasty, changed its name to Longfeng, proclaimed himself emperor, and took the title of "Wang Xiaoming". With Yang Xiao and Fan Yao as prime ministers; Liu Futong and Rowan Su are flat chapters, and Liu Liu knows about the Privy Council. A few days later, Liu Futong killed Yang Xiao, became prime minister, entered Taibao, changed Zhongshu Province, and governed Mao Gui, Zhu Yuanzhang and other departments. He also sent the Third Route Army to the Northern Expedition, which lasted for five years (1359).
In June, the capital of Bianliang moved to Kaifeng, Henan Province. In August, he retreated to Anfeng (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). In February of nine years, Zhang Shicheng ordered Lv Zhen to attack Anfeng, and Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to clear the way and welcome him to Chuzhou (now Chuzhou County, Anhui Province).
In the twelfth year, Chang Yuchun was drowned by Zhu Yuanzhang in Guabuhe Zoroastrianism, also known as the Zoroastrianism and the Monyumism, which was created after Persian Manichaeism spread to China and was related to Buddhism.
A religion that combines Taoism with other local beliefs. Its sect flourished from Tang Wu to Huichang, when it was with Daqin.
Zoroastrianism (Nestorianism) and Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrianism) are famous in the world in the name of the three righteous religions, with Manichaeism as the first. According to Manichaeism worship
It is also called Zoroastrianism in China, because it advocates light and abandons darkness. But in the Tang Dynasty, Zoroastrianism was rare.
Most people refer to Manichaeism, Manichaeism and other transliteration words. It was not until the Song Dynasty that a large number of Zoroastrian titles began to appear in various documents.
Generally speaking, Zoroastrianism in the Song Dynasty and later literature is considered as the successor of Manichaeism spread to the East.
Therefore, when we talk about Zoroastrianism, we have to start with Manichaeism. At the beginning of the 20th century, German Glenn Wilde (A.Gr
Ann Wilder and A von lecocq discovered a large number of Manichaean classics in Turpan, Xinjiang, China.
Code fragments; At the same time, the remains of Manichaeism have been unearthed in Dunhuang area, and these archaeological achievements are all related to
The three remnants of Manichaeism in China detected from Dunhuang documents jointly opened a new era of Manichaeism research.
Important first-hand information, combined with indirect descriptions in the works of ancient Christians and Islamists, enables academic circles to
Summarize the basic teachings and activities of Manichaeism.
Mani, the ancestor of Manichaeism, is based on the early works of Iranian scholar S.H.Taqizadeh.
According to Sasan's research, he was born in April 16 and in April14. The biography of Mani said that he was born in a neighboring country of the Soviet Union.
The emperor's palace is also the birth of Mrs. Jin Sajian. "According to research, the Soviet Union's neighboring Suristan is called Babylon.
; Postscript Emperor is Mani's biological father, which is a transliteration of Patig, generally translated as Patig; His mother is full of beauty (Mariam) and should rest in peace.
The Parthian royal family is related by blood. It is reported that Pattiger was inspired by God to give up lust, meat and wine, so he joined a local practice.
Al-mughtasila is a Christian Jewish group with abstinence and baptism, and has been participating in the activities of this group with his father since he was four years old.
Affected to some extent. It is said that at the age of twelve and twenty-four, Mani was twice inspired by angel twins and realized the true meaning of God.
Righteousness and the mission of spreading Protestantism, so he left the Sect and began to spread its teachings.
At first, Mani's missionary route was from the sea to the Indus Valley. Buddhism was very popular there at that time, and there was reason to believe it.
Mani absorbed some Buddhist teachings and etiquette theories there. In 242 AD, Samuel, the famous king of Sassanian Dynasty (
Sabuhr) When I ascended the throne, Mani returned to his hometown in Persia and wrote an introduction to medieval Persian teachings, Chaboureau Gan.
(Sabuhragan) proposed and persuaded the king to believe in Protestantism. Since then, Manichaeism has developed with Persia with the support of Sassanian dynasty.
The army's crusade was widely circulated. Until 273, the new king Vakhram I succeeded to the throne, advocating Zoroastrianism.
The power of nihilism was hit hard, Christians and scribes fled to the Mediterranean and Central Asia in large numbers, and Mani himself was crucified by the new king.
On the cross, the body was brutally stripped of grass. Since then, the influence of Manichaeism has always been bounded by Persia and began to
Expand eastward and westward.
Because Manichaeism was supported by the powerful Sassanbos at that time, Manichaeism was able to send a large number of missionary groups to various places.
Manichaeism spreads its teachings and has a large number of voters (monks) for missionary purposes in a short time. under the circumstances
In order to ensure the purity of his teachings in the process of communication, Moni personally wrote seven classics, which were called in Dunhuang papers.
Thoroughly exhaust all the dharma roots, clear the treasure sutra, collect the sutra with medicine, collect the sutra with secret method, and prove the past.
Teaching classics, Hercules classics, praise vows classics.
. In addition, it is said that Moni himself painted a color album "Two Cases" to illustrate the method for illiterate people.
Yes When Mani was alive, his disciples translated these seven classics into various languages under his auspices, which were widely circulated.
Therefore, compared with other ancient religions, Mani doctrine is the purest and most systematic.
The core content of Manichaeism is "two cases and three intervals". Two situations refer to light and darkness, that is, good and evil; San Ji Finger
The beginning, the middle and the back are the past, the present and the future. With this as the core, Manichaeism depicts a complete creation.
And the theological system of doomsday salvation.
When there is no heaven and earth, there are only two situations: light and shade. This is the origin of the world. Mani described light and darkness as two stages.
Neighboring kingdoms, which existed from the beginning, were not created by anyone. The kingdom of light occupies three directions: north, east and west.
The face is full of light, kindness, cleanliness and no painful diseases. This is a kind kingdom. The kingdom of light, also known as good religion, is the highest god.
It is called Zawan, which means eternity (China Mani is called Ming Fu Ming Zun). He has feelings, reasoning, thinking,
The five glories of imagination and will are related to light, strength and wisdom.
Four in one (purity, brightness, strength and wisdom, and doubt are the four silent dharmas of Chinese translation). The situation in dark kingdom is similar.
On the contrary, it is full of filth, fireworks and sin, and the evil Five Parademons lives there. All kinds of demons are men and women, because they have feelings.
Arguing jealously. The dark king (the devil) rules dark kingdom, and he has all kinds of evil things in Parademons.
Make love. Mani likes to use trees as metaphors. He said that in the two kingdoms, there are bright living trees and dark dead trees, representing various kinds respectively.
Virtue and evil. There are twelve kinds of precious trees in Ming Dynasty, each of which is divided into five kinds of inferior virtues. Jin Yong wrote the story of leaning on heaven to slay dragons.
The king of the twelve precious trees in Persia came from here.
Originally, the two kingdoms lived in peace, but at the end of the early days, the king of darkness found that there was a smell of happiness outside the country and invaded the light.
Ming. Because the kingdom of light was unprepared, Ming Zun called the mother of life, and the mother of life called the beginning.
Man (the first meaning), the early man summoned his five sons (five bright sons: pure air, wonderful wind, bright power, wonderful water and wonderful fire)
Form your own armor and drive away the darkness. However, the early people were defeated, but Wu was lured as bait by the early people.
Swallowed by Parademons. When people woke up, they called for help from Ming Zun seven times, so the big father called for the second time and the first time.
Mingyou (Le Ming Buddha), Mingyou calls out magnificence (making Buddha); Big (that is, the god of architecture) evokes a living spirit (net wind).
The living spirit summoned his five sons: the guardian of glory (the messenger of the world), the noble king (the king of ten days) and Adams (
Beat the devil, winning the ambassador), the king of glory (urging the ambassador of light), and the holder of the land (hiding the land). They came to the beginning of dark kingdom together.
Where people are defeated and faint, the living spirit calls for the early people, and the early people answer. This call will produce two gods, one is to call God.
(speaking and listening, that is, the so-called gourd Sude), one is to respond to God (calling for a response, that is, making a sound), which symbolizes Ming Zun respectively.
Concern for defeated bright elements and the latter's yearning for Ming Zun. "Pure wind, kind mother and bright angel entered the dark abyss without understanding.
Realm ",the meaning of saving the first. However, "five Parademons sticks to five bodies, such as flies sticking to honey, birds sticking to jelly and fish sticking to hooks. "five
Qiu Zi has been digested by the five Parademons, and it is difficult to get out of trouble.
From then on, the center of the theory is how to save the five Ming sons swallowed up by the five Parademons and save these bright spots for the bright kingdom.
Son. This requires the establishment of the universe. "Net wind and Ming make five Parademons and five Ming bodies, and the two forces are combined into one, resulting in a world of ten days and eight places.
In this case, the world is the medicine hall of the bright body and the prison of the dark devil. "The world is managed by the living spirit abital. Living spirit
It also purified some swallowed light, resulting in the sun, moon and stars. Then, the mother of life, the first person, the living spirit prayed to Ming Zun.
Prayer, Ming Zun called for the third time, calling out three ambassadors (Sunlight Buddha) and three calling out twelve virgins (Tw).
Fairy virgin, China Mani called lightning Buddha). The third one is "the delicate appearance of a boy and a girl", and there are five kinds of female demons with epilepsy.
"Twelve Boys" or boys nowadays are strict and crazy about five kinds of male demons, which makes five Parademons absorb the bright spot.
Seeds shoot from semen and fall to the ground to become various animals and plants. Plants contain more bright molecules than animals. but
The dark Lord does not want to fail. "So the greedy devil saw that things had happened and revived the evil plan in his evil heart, even though Lu Shu (Syrian).
Ashqalun and Namrael, like pure wind and good mother, changed in the middle, creating a person's body and forbidding prisoners from being bright.
Enlarge the world. If it is an evil and greedy body, although it is small, it imitates the world of heaven and earth. ..... Yu Ruojin
Touch (= mode) the white pictogram and write in the ring. In its image, there is no increase or decrease. So is the human world. ..... it's
Five bright bodies, all so hard and forbidden, forgot nature and were intoxicated. "The devil made people in the image of Ming Shi, just.
The ancestors of mankind Adam and Eve. Adam didn't realize that his soul was a bright molecule and belonged to the kingdom of light. while
Seeing this, the five angels asked the mother of life, the primitive man and the living spirit to send God to save Adam. Then they emit light.
Ming Jesus (Mani in China is called Light and Buddha) inspired Adam. Light Jesus appeared to Adam from the Father.
Adam's own nature and the pain of being imprisoned in the body, and let Adam taste the tree of life (evergreen tree)
Knowledge of medicine, learned the mysterious gnosis. In fact, Jesus alone saved Adam.
The blueprint for future generations to save mankind. Therefore, Jesus alone has a special position among Manichaean gods and is dedicated to him.
There are many poems. Unexpectedly, although Adam went north, he was still tempted by Eve and gave birth to his first child.
Seth. Because Adam has more bright elements than Eve, Seth is regarded as an alien by the devil, thanks to the gods.
With Adam's blessing and upbringing, you can grow up and do good things for your life. Humans are descendants of Seth.
In order to save the souls of generations of just people, "it is a matter of life and death for the wind to rebuild the two Ming ships (this day and this month)."
A good boy crossing the sea reaches this world and makes the light happy. "The soul of the righteous is transferred from the moon to the moon through the shining column.
The sun, and then enter a new heaven. Zhu Guangyao is not only a god (China Mani Sutra borrows Buddhist terms and is called Lushenafo), but also
It is the realm where the soul reaches the Sun and Moon Palace and finally returns to the world of nirvana.
That realm). Hating demons and greed, the net wind made a second boat, "After being born, I will make a male and female shape to release the sun and the moon."
Daming ship, confused, dark, sent to hell, five-breath reincarnation, suffered a lot, it is difficult to get rid of. "Therefore, it is necessary.
Ask another god to help mankind get rid of it.
"If there are wise messengers, the world will flourish, educate all living beings and get rid of all suffering ... just like a king who broke the hatred of his enemies, he is proud of it.
Temple, throne, all people are equal in good and evil, and they are wise and wise. "Ambassador Hui Ming, also known as Hui Ming Buddha,
That is the great North, who was called by Jesus, who is the father of all messengers and the head of all churches.
. Ambassador Huiming's incarnation in the world is first of all some descendants of Adam, the human ancestor recorded in the Old Testament of Judaism: Shem and Noah.
Noah, Abraham, Enoch, Enoch; Then there are the founders of true religion: Buddha, Zoroaster and Messiah.
Jesus Christ. Ambassador Huiming's last and most perfect incarnation is Mani. The battle between light and shade during this period is called Zhongji.
When Manichaeism gained the belief of most human beings, the liberation of light elements was almost completed. At this time, Jesus alone is second.
The next arrival, known as the God of the Wisdom World (Chinese Mani translates as the King of Wisdom), will set up a court and become his own judge.
(China Mani is called the King of Equality), separating the good from the evil. After that, the pillar that supports the world and the spirit of life.
My son is leaving, the world is falling down, a fire is about to break out, and it will last 1468 (1468 is Manichaeism.
Some numbers). The thought of life (that is, the "vigilance" in China's Manichae Sutra) will take its final form (that is, Chinese)
The "original appearance" in Mani Sutra appeared, collected all the remaining bright elements, and rose to a new paradise. Darkseid and
Other demons will be imprisoned, and the new heaven will be integrated into the kingdom of light again. This is the afterlife.
It can be seen that Mani doctrine was developed on the basis of absorbing Zoroastrianism dualism of good and evil and Jothai-Christian doomsday salvation theory.
It was created by combining Mani's own understanding of some mysterious sects in Persian region at that time.