If there is, it should be said that Cang Xie was the first to create characters in the Yellow Emperor era.
This is an old saying.
According to legend, Cang Xie became an official under the Yellow Emperor. Officials at that time did not show prestige, just like ordinary people, but with different division of labor. The Yellow Emperor assigned him to manage the number of animals in the pen and the food intake on the chariot. Cang Xie is a very clever man. He worked wholeheartedly and soon became familiar with the animals and food he managed. Moreover, he has a wealth of knowledge in his heart and rarely makes mistakes. But slowly, the storage of animals and food is also gradually increasing and changing, and I can't remember it clearly in my mind. At that time, there were no words, let alone pen and paper. What should I do? Cang Xie was confused.
Cang Xie tried for a day and a night. First of all, he tied a knot on the rope, representing all kinds of animals and food with ropes of various colors, and the knot with ropes represented each number. But it won't work after a long time. This increased number makes the knots on the rope easy to knot, but when the number decreases, it is very troublesome to untie the knots on the rope. Cang Xie wants to circle the rope and hang all kinds of shells in the circle, which is not his responsibility. Add a shell and subtract a shell. This method is very effective and has been used for several years.
When the Yellow Emperor saw that Cang Xie was so capable, he was told to manage more and more things. The number of sacrifices, the distribution of hunting and the increase or decrease of tribal population are all called Cang Xie. Cang Xie made another mistake. It is not enough to just hang the shell with ropes. How can I not make mistakes?
On this day, he took part in group hunting and came to a fork in the road. Several old people were arguing about which way to take. An old man insisted on going east, saying there were antelopes there; An old man wanted to go north and said that he could catch up with the deer not far ahead. An old man insisted on going west, saying that there were two tigers, and if they were not killed in time, they would miss the opportunity. When Cang Xie asked, it turned out that they were all identified by observing the footprints of underground beasts. Cang Xie suddenly felt happy: Since a footprint represents a wild animal, why can't I use a symbol to represent what I manage? He ran home happily and began to create various symbols to represent things. Sure enough, I managed things very clearly.
When the Yellow Emperor knew it, he praised it and ordered Cang Xie to teach this method to the tribe. Gradually, the usage of these symbols has become popular. In this way, the text is formed.
Cang Xie created characters, and the Yellow Emperor attached great importance to him. Everyone praises him, and his fame is getting bigger and bigger. Cang Xie's mind was a little hot, and his eyes slowly moved to the top of his head. No one looked down on him, and his words were unintentional.
This word reached the ears of the Yellow Emperor, who was very angry. He can't tolerate courtiers going bad. How did Cang Xie realize his mistake? The Yellow Emperor called the oldest old man around him to discuss. The old man tied more than 120 knots on his long beard, which shows that he is over 120 years old. The old man hesitated for a while and went to Cang Xie alone.
Cang Xie taught all tribes to read, and the old man sat quietly at the end and listened as carefully as everyone else. After Cang Xie finished speaking, everyone else dispersed, but the old man did not leave and sat in the same place. Cang Xie was a little curious and asked him why he didn't leave.
The old man said, "Cang Xie, what you said is well known, but I always can't see it. Some words are still confusing. Will you teach me again? "
Cang Xie looked at such a tall old man and respected him very much. He is very happy, urge him to speak quickly.
The old man said, "Did you make the words horse, donkey and mule?"? Cows also have four legs. Why not create the word' cow' with four legs and only one tail? "
Hearing this, Cang Xie was a little flustered: when the word "fish" was first coined, it was written as "cow", and when the word "cow" was coined, it was written as "fish". I blamed myself for being careless and turned my teaching upside down.
The old man went on to say, "The word" heavy "you created means that you want to pronounce the word" Chu "far away, but you teach people to pronounce the word" heavy ". On the other hand, the word "Chu" in two mountains should be "heavy" in weight, but you teach it to be the word "Chu" in the town. I really can't figure out these words, so I have to ask you. "
At this moment, Cang Xie felt ashamed. He knew that he had made a big mistake out of pride. These words were spread to various tribes and all over the world. They cannot be changed. He quickly knelt down and wept bitterly to show his regret.
The old man took Cang Xie's hand and said sincerely, "Cang Xie, you have created a character, so that the experience of our older generation can be recorded and passed on. You have done a great thing, and people will remember you from generation to generation. You must not be arrogant! "
From then on, every time Cang Xie created a word, he always studied the meaning of the word carefully, and he could still ask people's opinions. He dare not be careless at all. Everyone agreed, then decided, and then gradually spread to every tribe.
Second, who created Chinese characters?
The creator of Chinese characters is Cang Xie.
Formerly known as Hou Gang and Jie, he was also Huang Zai's first teacher and mentor. According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Cang Xie is a historian of Chinese character creation left by the Yellow Emperor. They got inspiration from seeing the footprints of birds and animals, collected, sorted out and used them in different ways, and played an important role in the process of Chinese character creation, and were known as "saints of Chinese character creation".
According to "Jade Edition of River Map" and "Zen Tong Ji", Cang Xie once proclaimed himself emperor, named Cang Di, and was an ancient tribal leader. When Cang Xie was in office, he worshipped Luo Shu in Luoshui.
Cang Xie is also the god of Chinese characters in Taoism. According to historical records, Cang Xie had two eyes and four eyes, and was born with virtue. He observed the movement trend of the stars and the footprints of birds and beasts, created a precedent for writing according to its image, got rid of the tangled history at that time, and laid the foundation of civilization, so he was called "Cang Xie of Wen Zu".
3. Who created Chinese characters
Formerly known as Hou Gang, Zi Jie,No. Stone. Wuyang Village, Baishui County, 1 10 years old, Zuoshi of Xuanyuan Huangdi. The creator of primitive hieroglyphics in China and one of the pioneers of official surname system in China. Legend has it that he looked up at the sky, looked down at everything, created the book of bird tracks, shocked the world, and was called the ancestor of mankind. The Yellow Emperor thought he was very successful, so he changed his surname to "Cang", which means that you are the last person and the next person is the next person. Because of Cang Xie's moral feelings when portraying characters, the Jade Emperor also gave a Grain Rain to the world to comfort the saints. After Cang Xie's death, the local people built temples in the tomb and named the village "Shiguan Village".
Cang Xie has always been regarded as the "ancestor of writing", the creator of hieroglyphics and the hero of the Chinese nation.
Do you know who created the Chinese characters of the Mystery Box that foreigners can't guess? Baishui County has a famous name-Cang Xie, and Baishui people have honored Cang Xie as "Lifetime" for generations. But now, Cang Xie and his legend are not widely known.
There are many touching legends about Cang Xie's writing in Baishui folk. In ancient times, before the beginning of ignorance, people used the method of tying ropes to record historical records. At that time, Cang Xie, also surnamed Hou, was an official of the Yellow Emperor. It is difficult to determine the age and depth because of the peculiar shape of the knot that records historical facts. On one occasion, the historical books recorded in these knots wrongly provided historical facts to the Yellow Emperor, which led to the failure of the Yellow Emperor in the border negotiations with Yan Di. After the incident, Cang Xie resigned from his post and traveled around the world, visiting and recording historical records. Three years later, he returned to his hometown, Baishui Wuyang Village, and lived alone in a deep ditch, "watching kuixing's elegant demeanor and bird and animal paw marks", sorting out various materials and creating various symbols representing everything in the world. He gave these symbols a name, Chinese characters.
Mr. Lu Xun once made an incisive exposition on the historical facts of Cang Xie's creation of characters, that is, the characters were not created by one person, but the crystallization of the wisdom of the masses. However, the creator of Chinese characters, represented by Cang Xie, finally ended the history of "knotting notes" and opened a new era of Chinese civilization. Later generations called it "the originator of writing", and China was well-deserved as one of the four great creations in ancient times.
His writings and figures are recorded in Historical Records, Reading, Xunzi and Lu Chunqiu. All these show that Cang Xie is a real person. At least in the arrangement, creation and promotion of words, they have made great pioneering achievements. Therefore, he is worthy of being a "man of all generations" and a symbol of Chinese civilization.
I. Overview of Cang Xie Temple
Cang Xie Temple has a long history. According to historical records, there were "temple buildings" as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, which formed a certain scale. Therefore, the history of temples with written records has exceeded 1800 years, and the history without written records can be traced back to the era of the Yellow Emperor according to folklore.
There are many monuments in Cangjie Temple. Although many of them were lost in the war, there are still 18 channels preserved and displayed in front of the hall. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, through the sixteen countries of Wei, Wu and Hu, to the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the early days, there were the tablets of Cangjie Temple in the five years of Eastern Han Dynasty, Guangwu General in Wuhu and Sixteen Countries, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. In modern times, there were plaques and couplets inscribed by Mr. Yu Youren, General Tao Zhiyue and General Zhu Qinglan.
Cang Xie Temple was originally a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, and was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in June 20001.
Second, the status quo of temples
Cang Xie Temple covers an area of 17 mu, and its basic shape is rectangular. The temple is140m long from north to south and 48m wide from east to west. On the east side of the temple is the highway from Shiguan Township to Sunjiashan, and on the west side is a gully with a width of10m and a depth of about 2m.
Today's Cang Xie Temple has high walls and complete patterns. The main buildings of Cang Xie Temple are the mountain gate, the East-West Theater, the front hall, the newspaper office, the middle hall, the sleeping hall, the bell and drum tower and the East-West wing. The Sleeping Hall, built in the Yuan Dynasty, takes Artemisia as the main purlin, with a length of16m and a thickness of 55cm, and its diameter is even and straight, which is rare in the world. The statue of Cang Xie in the temple, originally made of clay tires and powder, has the reputation of "masterpiece in the history of sculpture", but it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. 199 1, people raised funds to rebuild. Near the back hall are the tomb of Cangjie and the cemetery. Cangjie tomb, conical, surrounded by hexagonal brick walls. Looking around the top of the tomb, the Huangdi Mausoleum not far away makes people solemn, and the pride of the Chinese nation arises spontaneously. At the northern end of the cemetery wall, there is a row of caves built during the Republic of China, with more than ten holes. Most of the existing buildings in the temple are Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with gorgeous decoration and strong local color.
The three gates of Cang Xie Temple are the only overlapping buildings in the temple. There are four caves on the lower floor and three open doors outside. The upper floor is the gatehouse, with ventilation and lighting on the north and south sides, and carved wooden eaves screens. There are two theaters near Sanmen, which is a unique phenomenon among many temples in China.
The ancient trees in the temple are towering, lush and thriving. There are 48 ancient cypresses in Cang Xie Temple, all of which are thousands of years old. Cang Xie Tianbao Cooper is one of the three Cooper groups in China. The ancient cypresses here are older than those of Confucius Temple in Qufu and Huangdi Mausoleum, ranking first among the three ancient cypresses in China. Zhu Cooper has a beautiful name and a touching legend. Take Kuixing Temple Garden, the oldest hand-planted cypress in Cang Xie, as the head, from Jingze cypress at the entrance of the temple to "No cypress" outside the fence in the northwest corner, and then to Quebai, Baibaohuai, Qinglong cypress, Baihubai, Hericium erinaceus, Snake cypress, Feng, Peacock Pride, Erlong Opera Pearl, Ganzhimei and Lotus Lantern.
4. Who was the first person who invented words in the world?
Chinese characters have a history of 3,000 years, which is the earliest written material we can see at present, counting from Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
As Oracle Bone Inscriptions is quite mature, we can infer that Chinese characters must have happened 3000 years ago. The development of Chinese characters can be divided into two stages.
From Oracle Bone Inscriptions to Biography is a stage; Judging from the official script of Qin and Han Dynasties, the following is another stage. The former belongs to the category of ancient Chinese characters and the latter belongs to the category of modern Chinese characters.
Generally speaking, the use of modern Chinese characters has not changed much from official script to today. Judging from the relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese, Chinese characters are morphemes.
From the structure of Chinese characters, Chinese characters are a writing system composed of radicals that express meaning and sound, and symbols that neither express meaning nor sound. According to legend, the inventor of writing is a saint named Cang Xie. According to Hanshu Huainanzi, when Cang Xie wrote his composition, it was "rain beats millet, ghosts cry at night".
This is a very special phenomenon, that is to say, when writing, food falls from the sky, it rains, and ghosts cry at night. In our current words, it is such a feat of "making the gods cry".
This legend was created by Cang Xie, who is in charge of the history of the Yellow Emperor, and has a history of 5,000 years. The appearance of characters has played an important role in human history. Of all the elements of civilization, the appearance of words is the most important symbol.
So when China invented writing in ancient times, people always attached great importance to it. Legend has it that Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, invented Chinese characters.
Although historical facts cannot be verified in detail, it reflects that Chinese characters have a long history. It is recorded in China's ancient books, such as knotting a rope and writing with wood. , often used in early notes. Unfortunately, these substances cannot be preserved for a long time, so the notes at that time are unknown.
However, in Xiaotun, Anyang, 654.38+05,000 words of Oracle bones were found, and the Oracle bones and ox bones were well preserved, totaling 3,500 words. As far as the structure of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is concerned, in addition to hieroglyphics, advanced word-forming methods such as pictophonetic characters, knowing characters and loanwords are widely used.
It can be seen that the characters of Shang Dynasty more than 3000 years ago have reached a fairly complete level, so there must be a long development process before this. Archaeological findings prove that China's ancestors drew symbols on tortoise shells as early as seven or eight thousand years ago.
In Yangshao culture and Dawenkou culture five or six thousand years ago, there were dozens of symbols depicted on pottery, some of which were similar to the characters seen in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, so some people thought they were early characters. As for the bamboo books found on the pottery pots in the early Longshan culture, there must be written records, which fully shows that Chinese characters have a history of at least 4,000 years.
The appearance of Chinese characters is not only the result of people's continuous accumulation and summarization in long-term social life, so Cang Xie is probably the representative figure who summarized and sorted out Chinese characters and made contributions to the formation of Chinese characters.
5. Besides Cang Xie, who collected and created Chinese characters in ancient times?
1. According to the legend of Ying Zheng's coinage, Qin Shihuang's word "Qin" was not written like this, but was written as "Liao".
Ying Zheng eliminated Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei successively, and unified China. He is very happy. He thinks that no one contributes more than himself. How can he let two kings share power equally? Ying Zheng believed that two kings always sat side by side on a wooden chair.
So, he decided to re-establish the country name, moved a lot of brains, and changed the country name into a more meaningful country name. He asked the minister, "Who has made the greatest contribution since the birth of the world?" I thought ministers would say, "You made the greatest contribution."
Then discuss what title is more meaningful. Ministers didn't answer according to his train of thought, but said with one voice: "Since ancient times, everyone's contributions have been recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals", but Ying Zheng said with a smile: "I am an emperor through the ages, so I want to change the word" Spring and Autumn Annals "into the word" Qin ". Ying Zheng calls himself Qin Shihuang.
A new word "Qin" replaced the original "Gu". Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty coined the word Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Before usurping the throne of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was created by the Sui Office. Therefore, when he established the new dynasty, he was prepared to take Sui as the national title, as always. He believes that there is a word "Sui" at the end of Sui, which means escape, bad luck and instability.