It was first proposed by German physicist M Planck in 1900. He assumes that the radiation energy in blackbody radiation is discontinuous and can only be an integer multiple of the basic unit of energy, thus explaining the experimental phenomenon of blackbody radiation well.
Later research shows that not only energy shows this discontinuous separation property, but also other physical quantities such as angular momentum, spin and charge show this discontinuous quantization phenomenon. This is essentially different from classical physics represented by Newtonian mechanics. Since quantum is the smallest unit, there is no doubt that quantization is mainly manifested in the micro-physical world. The physical theory describing the micro-physical world is quantum mechanics.
There are also quantum optics and quantum chemistry. And the estimate that we hear the most is quantum communication.
1905, the German physicist Einstein introduced the concept of quantum into the propagation process of light, and put forward the concept of "light quantum" (photon), and put forward that light has both fluctuation and particle properties, that is, the "wave-particle duality" of light.
That is to say, light quantum, that is, waves and particles, probably you are beginning to blur.
In the 1920s, French physicist De Broglie put forward the concept of "matter wave", that is, all matter particles have wave-particle duality; German physicist Heisenberg and others established quantum matrix mechanics; Austrian physicist Schrodinger established quantum wave mechanics. The development of quantum theory has entered the stage of quantum mechanics.
As soon as I thought of the damn Schrodinger equation, it took me a week to understand it, and then I forgot all about it after the exam. I hated Schrodinger at that time.
Finally, the British physicist Dirac, 1928, completed the proof of mathematical equivalence between matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, systematically summarized the theory of quantum mechanics, and successfully combined the two theoretical systems-relativity and quantum mechanics, which opened the prelude of quantum field theory.
The most terrible thing about quantum theory is smallness. Incredibly small, many strange phenomena appear. For example, in traditional physics, light and energy are continuous, but when the unit is reduced to quantum, it is discontinuous and discontinuous. It is also true that quantum matter is a particle, and it is also true that it is a wave. Its superposition and entanglement make you doubt life. But it also explains many things that make you doubt life, such as:
1. superconductor, completely shielding magnetic field.
2. Superfluid, with zero internal friction.
3. Time crystal, which breaks the classical space-time symmetry.
4. Quantum microscopic imaging without light reflection imaging
5. Chiral light can transform gravity into repulsive Casimir effect.
6. Monoatomic enzyme catalysis behind quantum tunneling, etc.
(quantum tunnel)
Quantum technology is widely used in various fields of social life: quantum communication, quantum medicine, quantum chemistry and so on.
Quantum communication mainly includes two fields: quantum communication and quantum computing. At present, quantum communication is still in the scientific research stage. Once quantum communication is realized, the so-called 5G can only be regarded as turtle speed. In June+10 last year, Google researchers published a paper in the British magazine Nature, saying that a quantum computing system was developed based on a quantum chip containing 54 qubits. It takes about 200 seconds to complete the task, while the traditional supercomputer takes 1 10,000 years to complete.
Quantum medicine uses quantum energy waves to stimulate the self-healing system and self-healing function of human body, so as to achieve rapid, safe, natural and gentle conditioning, improve diseases, reverse aging, and do no harm to human body.
For the subversive concept of quantum technology, governments all over the world attach great importance to it and are afraid of falling behind. At the end of 20 18, the United States promulgated the National Quantum Initiative Act, claiming that it would never tolerate backwardness in the field of quantum science and technology. On July 23, 2020, the U.S. Department of Energy announced the blueprint for building a quantum Internet. 654381October 7th, the National Quantum Frontier Report on Strategic Investment in Quantum Information Science released by the United States announced that the United States would maintain its leading position in the field of quantum information science as a key priority to ensure its long-term economic prosperity and national security.
In Greater China, I have made a lot of achievements in related fields, and I have led the world in some fields. High-level officials held the 24th collective study on the research and application prospect of quantum science and technology on June 5438+09, 2009. Dada stressed when presiding over this research: "Quantum mechanics is an important achievement of human exploration of the micro-world. The development of quantum science and technology has great scientific significance and strategic value. It is a major subversive technological innovation that impacts and reconstructs the traditional technological system and will lead a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. " "We must fully understand the importance and urgency of promoting the development of quantum science and technology, strengthen the strategic planning and system layout of the development of quantum science and technology, grasp the general trend, and make a good first move."
In the future field of science and technology, the strategic position of 5G and 6G is not an order of magnitude with quantum technology.