Yi Yin was a man in the late summer and early Shang Dynasty. His deeds can be found in many pre-Qin ancient books, such as Shangshu, Analects of Confucius, Lv Chunqiu, Liezi, Songs of the South and Mencius. "Shangshu Junyi" records: "When a soup is made, it is beneficial to Yin and heaven." The Analects of Confucius said: "Yi Yin is the only great sage." "Mencius" records: "Yi Tang is king in the world" and "Yi Yin is a saint." Because later generations compared Yi Yin to a sage, there are many accounts of his life story, even from birth to death. His story goes like this: Yi Yin's name is Yi, or Zhi, Yin is the official name. There is a legendary record about the birth of Yi Yin. "Lu Chunqiu Ben Min" said: "A woman picked mulberries, got a baby in the air and presented it to her husband. His monarch ordered the people to feed it. Seeing the reason, he said,' His mother lives in the water god, got pregnant and had a dream. He said,' Mortars come out of the water, heading east, regardless. Tomorrow, if you see a mortar coming out of the water, tell your neighbor that you will walk ten miles east and take care of it. Its city is full of water and its body is empty, so it is called Yi Yin. Myth aside, Yi Yin was born on the Iraqi shore, and after the flood, he became an orphan.
Yi Yin was brought up by Yi people since childhood, and naturally became a Yi person with a Yi family when he grew up. But unlike ordinary people, he was a young man with ideals and ambitions, and was called "Xian" by people at that time. Later, he even knew about Don. "When Tang heard about Yi Yin, people invited him to have a surname." This is a prosperous time, and Yi Yin is willing to vote for the Lord. Don had an idea. "Please take a woman as your marriage. I am happy with my family, and I take Yi Yin as my wife. " A monarch surnamed Guo gave Tang a talent as a dowry in a muddle.
Later, Yi Yin helped Tang to defeat, established Shang, and became the founding father of Shang Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty died after 29 years in office, and Yi Yin assisted his second son, Wei Qi, in succession. Wyck died three years after he ascended the throne, and Yi Yin made Wyck's younger brother king. Ren Zhong died four years after he ascended the throne, and Yi Yin made Tai Jia, the grandson of Tang Dynasty, king. After Tai Jia ascended the throne, he gradually became unruly, fatuous, tyrannical and heartless. So Yi Yin exiled him to other places for three years, and Yi Yin personally represented the court, which was known as "Yi Yin put too much armor". Tai Jia deeply regretted it and turned over a new leaf during his exile. Yi Yin immediately welcomed him back to the DPRK and handed over power to him. Tai Jia, who ascended the throne again, really has different opinions, and the princes once again supported the monarch. At this time, the national strength of Shang Dynasty was at its peak, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Yi Yin wrote three "Tai Jia Xun", praising the merits of Tai Jia. Yi Yin assisted four Shang kings in his life. After his death, the Shang kings remembered his contribution to the country and gave him a good burial with the gift of the son of heaven. According to the Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, Yi Yin wrote Ru Gui, Confucianism, Tang Shi, Xianyou Yide, Yixun, Siming, Guhou, Taijia and so on. It's not finished today.
Second, the relationship between nourishing yin and medicine
According to scholars' research, Yi Yin's position in business is not only that he is in power, but also that he is a wizard. [1] Shang is a dynasty that worships ghosts and gods very much. We have to ponder over national affairs and small feelings. "National affairs are about respecting peace and glory", so wizards have a lofty position. Yi Yin was the first wizard in Shang Dynasty who integrated ancient witchcraft, history and medicine. Wizards themselves have the function of medicine. For example, the famous Wu Peng and Wu Xian are all famous for their medical skills. Shuo Wen interprets Yin as "governance". Ancient philologists pointed out: Yin "holds a needle in his hand, indicating that acupuncture can treat human diseases"; The official name yin "is also the extension and transformation of the meaning of medical treatment" [2]. "One Yin" also has the meaning of medical harmony from Yishui. After all, he is still a wizard from Yishui.
Yi Yin's works in Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi are classified as Taoists, novelists and strategists. , and later generations of physicians believe that there are eleven classics among physicians, and 32 of the 274 volumes are Tang Ye Jing Fa, which was also written by Yi Yin. The lost books in Hanyu Shan Jutu include Yi Yin Tu, and the silk books unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb also include Yi Yin Tu.
The greatest legacy of Shang Dynasty is Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins. The appearance of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is that the wizard presides over offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods and divining good or bad luck. Among them, there is something about the sacrifice to Yi Yin by later generations. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the names "Yi Yin", "Yi", "Yi Shi" and "Huang Yin" all refer to Yi Yin. There are more than 20 kinds of diseases recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as head diseases, eye diseases, ear diseases, mouth diseases, physical diseases, foot diseases, stopping diseases, childbearing diseases, diseases, diseases and caries. , as well as annual illness, rain disease, falls, etc. Although it can't be said that it is directly related to Yi Yin, Yi Yin must have participated in similar divination activities.
Third, Yi Yin deserves to enjoy the first medical hall.
There is "Tang Ye Jingfa" in Han Shu Literature and Art Annals, which doctors all think was written by Yi Yin. Huangfu Mi of Jin Dynasty thought: "Yi Yin takes Shennong's herbal medicine as soup. ..... Zhongjing talks about dozens of volumes of Yiyin Decoction, which are mostly used for examination. " [3] In the Southern Dynasties, when Liang Tao Hongjing listed the sages of ancient medical philosophers, he did not forget Yi Yin's achievements: "Yesterday, Shennong Wang was also on earth, painting Yi Gua and communicating the feelings of ghosts and gods; The disadvantages of building agriculture to save evil; Declare a cure to save the lives of the injured. These three people, through the group of saints and Zhang Zi. King Wen, Confucius, such as Ci, praised man and heaven; Hou Ji, Yi Yin, Bojue Baigu, benefiting the people. Huang Qipeng's side, Zhen Yang's tutoring, and the gas makes money. For more than 3,000 years, people have been relying on it. " [4] It is also recorded in the Ming Dynasty's Ancient Medical Sage: "Yi Yin was a sage of Yin. The system of Herbal Soup has many ancestors in later generations. " [5]
In Yuan Dynasty, Wang wrote a book "Herbal Decoction", and he firmly believed that the decoction was created by Yi Yin: "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, set up nine times, and changed yin and yang to save his life. He thinks eternal law is simple and necessary. The Yi Yin Sect of Yin is twice as important as that of Shennong. If it is necessary to legislate, it will not be harmful to soup. " [6]
Physicians of past dynasties believed in the story of Yi Yin making soup. In Huang San Temple since the Yuan Dynasty, a Yin has been listed and enjoyed, and entered the temple of doctors in the ancient legend. In Qing Dynasty, Lu Yiqing recorded the evolution of the Shoufu Hall in the capital. Among the famous doctors in the Shoufu Temple, Yi Yin held an impressive position: "The Shoufu Temple in Beijing began from Jiajing to Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. (According to the report, Huang San Temple was built between Zhenyuan and Zhenyuan, dedicated to Huang San, and appointed famous doctors of all ages 10 as the first medical temple. ) The reason for this dynasty is that there are Fuxi, Zuo Shennong and Right Huangdi in the south, Ju Shou and Hou Feng in the east, Zhu Rong and Limu in the west, and the loan season, Shi Tian, Zeebe, Gaobo, Shao Shi, Taiyi, Leigong, Yi Yin, Cang Gong Chunyuyi and Huaying in the east. [7]
There is also a saying that Huangdi, Shennong and Yi Yin are collectively called the "Three Saints": "Hidden medicine is the Tao, and the origin is still there. It turned out that the recovery of the disease was due to the Yellow Emperor; Distinguish hundred herbs, relying on Shennong; This soup originally came from Yi Yin. These three saints saved Li Yuan's suffering, praised the birth of heaven and earth and made great contributions to the world. Throughout the ages, deeper than this is also a saint. Jia Yi said: People from ancient times, who do not live in the imperial court, must hide in medical divination. Who says there are no heroes among capable people? " [8]
In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Dachun thought that the decoction was not invented by Yi Yin, but was popular in Yi Yin in the Shang Dynasty: "Several prescriptions such as Pinellia ternata and glutinous rice contained in the Internal Classic are self-made, and there is the saying of Yi Yin decoction, which is generally the method of decoction. Business is booming. Not from Yi Yin. " [9]
Fourthly, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and the Classic of Decoction and Medicine.
From 65438 to 0985, Jiang Chunhua, a contemporary famous doctor, wrote an article in journal of traditional chinese medicine, pointing out the original relationship between Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Tang Ye Classic. [10] In addition to Huangfu Mi's Preface to Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B, there is also a paper written by Dunhuang Shishi in the Tang Dynasty-The Essentials of Liang Tao Hongjing's Medicine. The book says: "Zhang Ji, a famous doctor, etc." Teach the method of Tang dynasty with salty method. " And statistics of big and small Qinglong decoction, big and small Baihu decoction, big and small Zhuwu decoction, big and small Xuanwu decoction, big and small Yang Dan decoction, Yindan decoction and so on. In fact, physicians of past dynasties did not shy away from the source of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Wang once said: "Yin takes materia medica as soup, and Han takes Zhongjingguang's soup as Dafa. This kind of doctoral orthodoxy, although the wise men of later generations did something, did not surpass it. " [1 1] Chen Xiuyuan also pointed out in the Qing Dynasty: "Those who know the nature of medicine began in Shennong, and the combination of benefiting yin and making soup. Zhongjing's typhoid prescription and synopsis of the golden chamber are also his suicide notes. " [ 12]
Yi Yin's Tang Yejing still exists among the people in the Song Dynasty. For example, "Puji Skill Prescription" explained in small print after the last medicine rhubarb in Dachaihu Decoction: "Yi Yin's" Tangye Lun "has eight flavors of Dachaihu and Jiangzao, but there is none today." [13] Another example is Zhu Jun's Life Certificate, which is also explained in the back note of Guizhi Decoction and Gegen Decoction: "Yi Yin's Tangye Lun added Pueraria in Guizhi Decoction, but it is wrong to use ephedra in this book." [14] What are some examples of yin syndrome? "Yi Tang Yin Ye Lun" further pointed out: "Zhu Feng proposed that" Yunzhongjing Xiexin Decoction "was not as good as the ancient prescription, and later generations dropped it. Xu also said that Yi Yin's "Tang Ye Lun" contains eight flavors of Dachaihu Decoction. There is no rhubarb today, only seven flavors, which are also lost. So I know that Zhongjing Fang is also soup. " [ 15]
Although Yi Yin is not the most important medical god, most people believe that he invented decoction, which improved the curative effect of medicine and became one of the most important characteristics of Chinese medicine.