The contribution of "big aliens": an important driving force for the formation of the Chinese nation. Historically, the formation of the Chinese nation can be said to be a snowball-like gradual growth, but if carefully observed, it is a hierarchical development. In the pre-Qin period, there was regional national integration before unified national integration. During this period, the process of ethnic integration was basically consistent with the evolution of political structure, and regional unity was gradually realized from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.
At the same time, it has also achieved regional ethnic integration. By the end of the Warring States period, the pattern of national integration was laid. Kuqa, known as Qiuci in ancient times. In 648 AD, the Tang Dynasty moved Anxi Duhu House to Qiuci, which once became the political center of the Western Regions. Since then, the contacts between the Central Plains and Qiuci have become closer, and a large number of officials, soldiers, businessmen and mainland monks have come here.
Many mainland monks have presided over the construction of temples here. Buddhism in the Central Plains returned to the Western Regions, and Qiuci's Buddhist art was deeply influenced. Among them, Kumutura Grottoes are famous for many Han caves with strong artistic style in the Central Plains. Kumutura Grottoes are the witness of the exchanges between various ethnic groups in China, showing the massiness and brilliance of the pluralistic and integrated Chinese civilization. In all stages of the art development of Kumutura Grottoes, we can see the influence of Central Plains cultural factors.
It reflects the close interaction and communication between the Western Regions and the Central Plains in history, and proves that Xinjiang, including Qiuci, has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times. During the Song, Liao and Xia Jin Dynasties, multi-ethnic regimes coexisted. After the Xixia regime controlled Hexi area, making full use of Hexi Corridor was the geographical advantage of the Silk Road throat, on the one hand, it engaged in "switch trade".
Selling tea and silk from the Central Plains to the western regions or even further places, reselling products such as frankincense, agarwood, coral and jade from the western regions to the Central Plains, and on the other hand, imposing heavy taxes on past businessmen, thus gaining a lot of benefits. These commercial activities not only promoted the economic development of Xixia, but also contributed to the development of the Silk Road, which is the epitome of the exchanges and contacts between various ethnic groups in the history of China.