2 * Dictionary: Luoguodi 2. 1 Source "Selected Chinese Herbal Medicine in Yunnan"
2.2 pinyin name luó gu not d ǐ
2.3 The aliases of Luo Guodi include Golden Pot (Herbal Prescription of Vegetation), Golden Tortoise Lotus (Revised and Added in Tianbao Materia Medica), Gold and Silver Pot (Classified Materia Medica), Aristolochia (Annals of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan), Golden Waist Lotus, Qulian (Selected Works of Full Exhibition) and Bitter Golden Pot (Selected Materia Medica in Yunnan).
2.4 The source is the root tuber of cucurbitaceae plants, such as day lily, day lily and day lily. Before germination in February-March, or after overground parts wither in September-65438+1October, root tuber is dug, reed head and root are removed, sediment is washed, big ones are cut into pieces, and dried in the sun or on low fire. This product is most susceptible to mildew and moth, and should not be affected with damp. Summer and autumn should be turned over.
2.5 primitive form ① snow gall in Xing 'an
Perennial climbing herb, 3 ~ 8 meters long, the whole plant is hairless. The tuberous root is oblate and swollen, weighing 10 kg, with brown skin and white powder inside. Stems are slender with longitudinal edges, and tendrils are mostly unbranched. Leaves alternate, compound leaves finger-shaped; 5 ~ 9 leaflets, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~ 12 cm long and 1.5 ~ 3 cm wide, with tapered apex, wedge-shaped base and coarse serrations at the edge; Petiole is 2 ~ 5 cm long. Flowers are unisexual, dioecious, and 3 ~ 5 flowers form axillary cymes; Male flowers are small, with a diameter less than 1 cm, 5 calyx, oval, yellow corolla, deeply 5-lobed, lobes reflexed, white hairs inside, 5 stamens, and short and thick filaments; Female flower petals 5-lobed, reflexed, red and yellow, 3 styles, 2-lobed stigma. Capsule is cylindrical and angular. The seeds are large and few, without wings. Flowers bloom in summer.
Born in the bushes on a wet hillside. Distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places.
Lovely snow gall, also known as white lotus and snake lotus. The morphology is similar to that of the previous species. Only the leaflets are oval or obovate; Corolla lobes are spreading, the inner surface is hairless, the seeds are narrowly ovate, and the edges have membranous wings.
Born in semi-shady places in mountainous areas, or cultivated. Distributed in southwest and central south of China.
③ Galla chinensis
This kind of leaflet is short and wide; Corolla lobes rolled back; The seed has membranous wings at the edge.
Distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and other places.
2.6 Habitat is distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan.
2.7 The tuberous roots with complete characters are irregularly round or oval, slightly turtle-shaped, and the largest diameter is about 20 cm. Most incisions are cracked, quarted or irregular blocks. The outer skin is brownish yellow or grayish brown, slightly rough; The section is pale white. Solid and muddy. Slight breath and bitter taste. It is best to have even slices, thick meat, fine quality, less fiber, flat skin and Huang Liang color. Those pulps are black, dry, hollow and fibrous and defective.
2.8 The tubers of day lily and day lily contain saponin and picroside, with crude saponin content of 5% and 10% respectively, and picroside content of 1.5 ~ 2% and 0.2% respectively. The aglycone of saponins is mainly oleanolic acid, and the sugars are glucose, gum sugar and glucuronic acid. Recently, two saponins, Xuedan saponin A and Xuedan saponin B, were isolated from the root tuber of lovely Xuedan, and both sapogenins are oleanolic acid. In addition, two kinds of tetracyclic triterpenoid bitter substances (picrosides) were obtained: the former is the acetyl ester of dihydrocucurbitacin F25, and the latter is dihydrocucurbitacin F.
2.9 pharmacological action ① antibacterial action
Saponins and picroside (the mixed product of brucine) have antibacterial effects on Shigella flexneri, hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis and so on. It has different effects in vitro, and the effective concentration is 0. 1 μ g/ml, which is similar to or stronger than chloramphenicol. In the concentration range of 10 ~ 100 μ g/ml, it also has antibacterial effect on typhoid Bacillus and Escherichia coli.
② Other functions
Intravenous injection of 4 mg/kg picrosine can inhibit the heart in anesthetized cats. If it is increased to 12 mg/kg, it will lead to serious arrhythmia and death. Intravenous injection of brucine (A) 40 mg/kg in anesthetized dogs had no obvious effect on blood pressure, respiration and heart rate, while intravenous injection of brucine (A) 10 mg/kg in rabbits significantly inhibited the heartbeat amplitude. If the dose is 20 ~ 40 mg/kg, conduction block will occur and the heart will stop. Therefore, patients with heart disease should use it with caution. In isolated rabbit and guinea pig small intestine experiments, dauricine (A) has no spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle like atropine, and has no obvious effect on isolated uterus. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg in rabbits has a slight antipyretic effect on fever caused by typhoid and paratyphoid mixed vaccine, but has no obvious effect on normal body temperature and non-bacterial (turpentine) fever. Saponin aqueous solution (5 mg/ml) has inhibitory effect on frog heart in vitro, but it is lighter than picroside (1 μ g/ml can inhibit it). The hemolysis index of saponin is 1: 600.
The total saponins of Xuedan Chuanxiong can increase the coronary flow of mice (400 mg/kg by gavage, the same amount by intraperitoneal injection on the third day, determined by rubidium 86 tracer method), antagonize the coronary contraction caused by pituitrin (rubidium 86 method and electrocardiogram method) and reduce the myocardial oxygen consumption. It has no rapid tolerance to coronary artery dilatation and no obvious cholesterol-lowering effect on experimental atherosclerosis rabbits. The arterial plaque or hepatic steatosis in the treatment group seems to be lighter than that in the control group. Intravenous injection of 70 mg/kg has hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs, and its tolerance is fast, but duodenal administration does not cause hypotensive effect.
2. 10 tastes bitter, cold and toxic.
(1) "Everything is convenient": "Bitter, cold."
② Common folk herbs in Kunming: "Cold in nature, extremely bitter in taste and slightly toxic."
2. 1 1 Return to the common Chinese medicine in Sichuan: "Entering the stomach and the large intestine."
2. 12 has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Treat sore throat, toothache, conjunctival congestion, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, stomachache, hepatitis, urinary tract infection and furuncle.
(1) "Everything is convenient": "Dispel the wind." Can be use for treating fire, eye heat and toxic heat, and stomach heat and pain. "
(2) Drug classification: "Treating sore throat, burning teeth due to wind-cold, and smearing malignant sores."
③ Flora of Chinese Medicinal Plants: "People use it as an antimalarial drug."
④ Guizhou herbs; "Clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detoxicating and relieving pain" can be used to treat abdominal chapped, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, and dysentery. "
⑤ Common folk herbs in Kunming: "invigorating stomach, relieving pain, diminishing inflammation and stopping bleeding. Treat abdominal distension, dysentery, hepatitis, prostatitis and traumatic bleeding. "
2. 13 oral administration and dosage: decocted, 2 ~ 3 yuan; At the end of the study, 1 ~ 3 points. External use: tamping or grinding and dressing.
2. 14 Note ① Annals of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine: "Do not use it for people with spleen deficiency and stomach cold."
② Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine: "Excessive use of this product will cause vomiting and diarrhea."
2. 15 attachment ① treatment of sore throat and gum: scarab, belamcanda chinensis, drynaria fortunei, puffball, cortex lycii, radix isatidis and radix clematidis. Decoct with water. (Sichuan Yearbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
② Treatment of toothache due to excess fire: Scarabaga, caustic root and holly bud root. Decoct with water. (Chengdu Chinese herbal medicine)
③ Treatment of exogenous pain, toothache, sore throat and abdominal pain: Golden waist lotus root. Cleaning, slicing, drying in the sun, and grinding into fine powder. Take 0.3 ~ 0.5g when it hurts. (Selected surgical works of the whole exhibition)
④ Treating various infectious diseases such as urinary system, skin, digestion, respiration and five senses. Cleaning, slicing, drying in the sun, and grinding (or making into tablets and capsules). One to four minutes each time, two to three times a day, the number of children decreased. It can also be made into 10% ointment and externally applied to the affected area. (Selected surgical works of the whole exhibition)
⑤ Treatment of carbuncle, swelling and pain, and fire injury in soup: scarab lotus, coptis root and dandelion. Rammed wool for external use. (Chengdu Chinese herbal medicine)
2. 16 Clinical application of Luoguodi ① Treatment of acute bacillary dysentery.
Oral picrorhizine, an effective component extracted from the bottom of Luoguo, was given 10 ~ 14 mg twice a day. 7 cases were treated, 3 cases were cured in 2 days, 2 cases were cured in 4 days, and cured in 5 days and 6 days respectively 1 case. After 2 ~ 6 days of observation, there was no recurrence. It is also reported that the bottom of Luoguo is ground into powder, 0.6 g each time, twice a day, and 5-7 days is a course of treatment. 64 cases were treated, 59 cases were cured, 2 cases were improved and 3 cases were ineffective. In addition, 294 cases of enteritis were treated, 246 cases were cured, 42 cases were improved and 6 cases were ineffective.
② Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
Take 2 ~ 4 picroside tablets after meals (each tablet contains picroside1~ 2 mg); Or 2 ml injection (containing 2 mg of tetrandrine) for deep intramuscular injection. 2 ~ 3 times a day. Dose reduction in children. After treatment of 3 1 case, 20 cases were clinically cured, 20 cases were improved 1 case, and 20 cases were ineffective1case. Preliminary observation shows that infiltration type is more effective than chronic fibrous cavity type; The cure rate of patients with short course of disease is higher than that of the elderly.
③ Treating chronic tracheitis.
Oral Luoguodi (Qulian) saponin tablets, 3 times a day, 2 tablets each time (each tablet contains 0.03g saponin). 77 cases were treated, 8 cases were clinically cured/kloc-0, 9 cases were markedly effective, 44 cases were improved and 6 cases were ineffective. During the treatment, a few patients once had diarrhea and abdominal pain, which disappeared without treatment. In addition, it is reported that 120 patients took Kudiezi and its extracts picroside and saponin orally. Results 74 cases were cured, 34 cases were improved, and 2 cases were ineffective/kloc-0.
④ Treating burns.
Intravenous injection of 3 ~ 30 mg of Luoguo saponin, 0.5 ~ 1% diluent for external use. After 4 cases of observation, this product has a significant control effect on sepsis and wound infection. No obvious side effects were observed.
⑤ Used to relieve pain.
Cleaning and chopping the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., drying in the sun and grinding into powder. Take 0.3 ~ 0.5g when it hurts. * * * Treating more than 60 cases of exogenous pain, toothache, sore throat and abdominal pain. Generally, the pain is relieved within 2 to 5 minutes after taking the medicine, and the drug effect lasts for 40 minutes to 6 hours.
⑥ Treat coronary heart disease.
276 cases were treated orally with compound tablets extracted from scarab, Dioscorea nipponica and Sophora japonica. After more than two months' observation, it is proved that it has good curative effect on coronary heart disease: the total effective rate of relieving angina pectoris is 88.4%, and the remarkable effective rate is 33.65438 0%; The total effective rate of ECG was 52.9%, and the remarkable effective rate was 22.8%. Most of the effective and improved cases are patients with positive ECG double-step exercise test and simple coronary insufficiency. For patients with chronic coronary insufficiency caused by myocardial infarction, angina pectoris can often be relieved after medication, but the ECG efficiency is low. For cases with good curative effect in the near future, it is often easy to consolidate the curative effect by continuing to take medicine. The curative effect of old myocardial infarction, complete atrioventricular block or severe arrhythmia is not obvious. The above observation shows that the therapeutic effect of this tablet is to improve the myocardial ischemic state of patients with coronary heart disease. In this group, 69.3% patients' serum cholesterol decreased by more than 20 mg% after treatment, especially the patients with hyperlipidemia before treatment, indicating that the product still has the function of reducing blood lipid. Laboratory observation showed that alanine aminotransferase increased in 15.9% patients during the treatment, but most patients had no abnormality in other liver function tests, hepatosplenomegaly and related clinical symptoms did not exist, and ALT could quickly drop to normal after stopping the drug. Preparation and usage: Each tablet contains 20 mg of scarab extract, 20 mg of Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract and 30 mg of Sophora japonica extract. Take two tablets three times a day. A small number of patients use double dose, and a small number of patients use double dose after taking medicine for 4 ~ 8 weeks, that is, 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day. Take 1 month as a course of treatment. The patients in this group took the medicine for 2 ~ 1 1 month. Side effects: Some cases have symptoms such as dry mouth, constipation and burning sensation in the upper abdomen at the beginning of taking the medicine, 3 cases of female patients have menorrhagia and prolonged menstrual period, and 4 cases have sporadic rash. Generally, it can disappear without special treatment.
Luoguodi and its extracts, picrosides and saponins, have good anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects, and it is preliminarily considered that they can replace antibiotics. Clinically, it is also used for infectious inflammation such as urinary tract infection, biliary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, lung infection, whooping cough, tonsillitis and submandibular lymphadenitis. , and achieved good results.
2. 17 Remarks: In Yunnan, there are still root tubers of the same family with thick stems at the bottom of Luoguo.
2. 18 from * dictionary
Introduction to Pediatrics of Luo Guodi's Ancient Books: Five Zang Organs and Disease Phenomena