There are no ancient books.

The poet stood on the mountain road of Tongguan fortress, with Huashan peaks in front of him and the torrent of the Yellow River at his feet. The river roared in the canyon, like a group of furious and crazy herds. The peak is crowded and uneven, as if it were gathered here for inspection. Tongguan, the majestic and dangerous Tongguan, is a battleground for ancient strategists! Thinking of ancient times, the poet can't help looking west. Three hundred miles west of Tongguan is Xijing Chang 'an. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, several dynasties established their capitals in that area. In the sunset, the poet saw nothing, but in his mind, he saw the majestic ancient capital and magnificent palaces. There used to be many emperors and generals, and heroes leaped in the dragon and tiger, which was a great shock. Now all of them are gone, leaving only a piece of loess. Looking west at Chang 'an, I'm really confused! Is the poet just sad because "all the palaces make dirt"? No, what saddens him most is people of all ages. Regardless of the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang dynasties, despite the change of dynasties, the suffering of the people has never been eliminated. "Xing, people suffer; Death, the people suffer! " This is a general comment on thousands of years of history. These trilogy, from Tongguan fortress to ancient capital Chang 'an, from ancient capital Chang 'an to the rise and fall of past dynasties, are hundreds of miles away and last for more than a thousand years. In the end, it boils down to a phrase "the people are suffering", which is repeatedly recited, with both the artistic conception of landscape poems and the vision of historians. The whole song is divided into three layers: the first layer (the first three sentences): writing about the grandeur and danger of Tongguan. The mountains are like gathering, the waves are like anger, the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road, and the mountains are like gathering: describe the mountains as dense and continuous. 2 "Mountains and Rivers" sentence: It is said that there is the Yellow River outside Tongguan and Huashan Mountain inside, and the situation is very sinister. Tongguan: In today's north of Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, all previous dynasties were military sites. In the second year (AD 1329), due to the drought in Guanzhong, Zhang was sent to Taichung, Shaanxi for disaster relief. Passing through Tongguan, I saw the scene of "the peaks are like gathering, and the waves are like anger". This floor describes the scenery of Tongguan Village with vivid images. The first sentence is about mountains and peaks, and there are many mountains around Tongguan. The word "home" makes readers see the trend that Huashan is in front of them and the mountains stand tall. Because of the dangerous terrain, it was a battleground for ancient strategists. Yamamoto is still the same, "like chrysanthemum" turns from static to dynamic, and a word "chrysanthemum" shows the numerous and dynamic peaks. The second sentence is about the surging Yellow River, and the water of the Yellow River outside Tongguan is surging. The word "anger" makes readers' ears resound with endless running water. The Yellow River is lifeless, and "anger" endows the river with human emotions and will. The word "anger" describes the surging waves. The word "anger" also personifies the river, and the word "anger" is injected into the poet's grief over the past and the grief and indignation caused by hurting the present. Moved by this scene, the third sentence says that Xuanguan is located in a cold place surrounded by mountains and the Yellow River. The feeling that "Tongguan Road is inside and outside the mountains and rivers" arises spontaneously. At this point, a glimpse of Tongguan's majestic momentum. Such a dangerous place implies that Tongguan is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, which also leads to the following feelings. Second floor (4 17 sentence): Looking at Xidu, I hesitated. Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. (3) Western Capital: refers to the Guanzhong area, where Zhou, Qin, Han, Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties all established their capitals. (4) Hesitation: It originally meant indecision and indecision. Here, we describe the ups and downs of ideological trends and profound thoughts. ⑤ "sad" sentence: Passing through the old capital of Qin and Han Dynasties, thinking of the ups and downs of the past, causing endless sadness. It is said that in countless wars, the former palace has turned into a scorched earth. Palace. Palace. Que, the watchtower in front of the palace. Write about the deep feelings from the site of Wan Palace in Chang 'an, Guanzhong. In the fourth and fifth issues, the author looks at the ancient capital Chang 'an from afar, wandering around historical sites, and has a lot of thoughts, which is difficult to calm down. "Looking at the western capital, I am hesitant." The writer looked far away in Malaysia and was filled with emotion. The writer lives in Tongguan, looking to the west at Chang 'an, the old capital of the old dynasty, and to the west at Chang 'an, which is not only the capital of Qin and Han Dynasties, but also the capital of Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, it is so prosperous. Today, the luxury of the past has long since vanished, leaving only a dilapidated scene. How can we not let the poet hesitate and grieve? It used to be the capital of several dynasties, and its prosperity was recorded in ancient books, but now there is only desolation in front of you, and thousands of flavors come to mind. In retrospect, the Qin family was not as big as the mid-Han Dynasty, and the scale was grand and the mountains and valleys were criss-crossed. But now the palace of worshipping beauty is gone, and he can't help but feel deeply about this mission. The sixth and seventh sentences, "Sadness lies in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the palaces of each dynasty made dirt", point out the reasons for infinite sadness. "The Palace Que is completely destroyed" is a true portrayal of the process from prosperity to decline. How pathetic! It seems that this layer only reviews history and does not directly mention war. But it is easy for readers to imagine the tragic picture of the war of regime change. This paper summarizes the ups and downs of imperial industries in past dynasties. Here, the author's "sadness" in the face of the ruins after the prosperity is really sad. Sadly for the rulers of the Qin and Han Dynasties, I am afraid that "all palaces have been made of clay" (Sanfu Huang Tu): "Epang Palace, also known as Acheng. King Huiwen died before he built the palace. The first emperor expanded the palace, covering an area of more than 300 miles. Out of the Forbidden City, Mishan crossed the valley, and the roads returned to each other. Pavilion Road leads to Lishan for more than 800 miles. " Later, Xiang Yu led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west. "Burning Qin Gong will not go out in March." See Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu. So: "A Fang is the torch". ) this kind of situation is what they never thought! It is also the sorrow of the people. A palace in the Qin and Han Dynasties, a palace, condensed the blood and sweat of countless people all over the world. Just like the Qin and Han dynasties, in order to show the glory of an era, they concentrated on shaping the buildings of Afangshan and Weiyang, but they turned to scorched earth with the demise of Qin and Han dynasties. The glorious past was followed by the replacement of dynasties. People were miserable in the war. This situation makes the author say that the third layer is "prosperity, people suffer;" Death, the people suffer "this sentence has been passed down through the ages. The third layer (the last four sentences): prosperity, people suffering, death, people suffering. The writer deeply regrets that no matter which dynasty in history, prosperity or extinction, people always suffer. The rise of a dynasty will inevitably lead to great construction and luxury palaces, which will bring great disasters to the people; When a dynasty dies, it is the people who suffer in the war. He pointed out that the rise and fall of dynasties brought disasters and sufferings to the people. This is the author's conclusion from the history of the rise and fall of emperors in previous dynasties. The three meanings are interlocking, the layers are deep, the thoughts are more and more open, and the feelings are more and more intense, forming a seamless whole. Throughout the song, there are scenes in Tibetan feelings and scenes blend. How to understand "Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die. "This sentence? Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer. " It is the crowning touch of the whole song and the development and deepening of the theme of the whole song. If the meaning of this piece of music only stays on "all the palaces and palaces are made of dust", then it only promotes the Buddhist thought of "everything is empty", and other ancient poems (and "Luoyang Nostalgia") are not long! Name, not long! "Chen Cao's" Mountain Slope Sheep Sigh the World ""Xing, also let him; If you die, let him die. " "Lishan nostalgia" and "victory or defeat, all become dirt; If you lose, you will become dirt. "Zhao Qingshan's" Chang' an Nostalgia ""Mountain, empty from sorrow; The river is empty and flows by itself. "And Yang Shen's" Linjiang Xian "theme is not much different. While denying history, it also denies a positive attitude towards life. It is precisely because of the last two sentences that the realm of this song is much higher than other works with the same theme. The value of this song lies in its profound humanistic care and deep sympathy and care for the suffering of ordinary people. " It is easy to understand that death makes people suffer. At the time of the demise of the dynasty, wars were frequent and the people were in dire straits. "Xing", how can "people suffer"? The "prosperity" of the dynasty is bound to be a massive construction, plundering the fat of the people, and the people suffer. For example, when the Qin Dynasty rose, the people suffered a lot by building the Great Wall, clearing the way and building official offices. The phrase "being rich makes people suffer" is a profound and warning policy, which is not made by people. Prosperity leads to great construction, and death leads to war and disaster. No matter "life" or "death", it is the common people who suffer. Summary: this poem is concise in language, vivid in image and well-known, and it is a masterpiece in the whole Yuan Sanqu. . The summary of history in Tongguan Nostalgia clearly refers to the real life of the Yuan Dynasty: Nostalgia is actually hurting the present, and heaviness is actually a responsibility. This complex feeling can only be understood by combining the writer's life experience. Zhang has been a scholar since childhood. He once presented books to Pingzhang Buhumu and was promoted. Later, he served as Yin of Tangyi County, and supervised the army. Because of his comments on current politics, he offended those in power and was removed from office, so he had to remain anonymous to avoid disaster. After being called up, the official went to the Ministry of rites. At the age of 50, he resigned and retired to Trang Van. During the drought in Guanzhong, he was re-appointed and rushed to Shaanxi to save the people. Years of ups and downs in his official career made him lose all his fame and fortune, and he no longer cared about the ruler's judgment on himself; Trang Van's seclusion in Jinan not only made him appreciate and praise the natural scenery, but also made him observe the sufferings of people's livelihood. Respecting Mencius' people-oriented thought made him deeply realize the importance of people's livelihood; His outspoken character gave him the courage to face the reality and speak his true thoughts. The hardships of ordinary people's lives in Yuan Dynasty were expressed by writers in the form of nostalgia. This concern for the people made him "give all his help to the people in April, and every time he cried, he could not afford to get sick." This is the true nature and life of a conscientious scholar, and it was rare in the society at that time. Zhang's special official experience determines that there is a homesickness in his Sanqu. "Li Mountain Nostalgia" wrote, "If you win, you will do something; If you lose, you will do the soil. " "Luoyang Galand" wrote that "the work is not long; The name is not long. " In "Nostalgia of North Mangshan Mountain", it is written that "even the monarch is not called; Even ministers should not be called. " In these songs, Zhang sees the number of winners and losers, the division of fame and fortune, and the moment of life and death equally, but only tells the story of wealth and impermanence and life like a dream through ancient events. Only "Tongguan Nostalgia" reveals an irrefutable truth of feudal society with a rare heavy and profound vision: "Xing, the people suffer; When you die, the people suffer. " The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty practiced a policy of ethnic discrimination against scholars, and it was not until the second year of Yuan Renzong's extension (A.D. 13 15) that the system of taking scholars in the imperial examinations was formally implemented. Moreover, this system is unfair, which largely caused the lower class scholars to lose confidence in the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and lack a sense of social responsibility. Therefore, the works of other writers in the same period are deeply branded with the times: either they are sentimental about the ancient dynasty. Or lament the great changes in ancient and modern times, revealing the fear of the uncertainty of the world and life; Or feel that the years have passed and express personal feelings of sinking. Only Tongguan's nostalgia is permeated with heavy vicissitudes and a sense of the times. From three aspects: the content of the work, the nostalgic works of other writers and the nostalgic works of other writers at the same time, Tongguan is a rare and heavy work.