Overview Carp is named after the cross texture on scales. Fat belly, tender meat.
Produced in freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds all over China. It is produced all year round, but March is the fattest.
Carp is willow-leaf-shaped, with a slightly raised back, whiskers on the mouth, large and tight scales, complete and typical fins, and more meat and less thorns. According to different growing waters, carp can be divided into river carp, river carp and pond carp. River carp has golden color, metallic luster, reddish pectoral fin and caudal fin, crisp and tender meat, delicious taste and the best quality; Jiang crucian carp scales are all white, fat, bald tail, hairy and fleshy, and the meat is slightly sour; The carp in the pond is blue and black with hard spines. The soil is strong, but the meat is tender.
Carp is plump, beautiful, fresh and delicious, and it is a familiar aquatic product that people like to eat every day. On holidays, it is indispensable on the dining table, which means "every year is more than enough" and "diving into the dragon gate", adding a festive atmosphere.
Carp alias Longmen Fish, Carp Exhibition, Red Carp, Yellow Carp, White Carp and Lai Carp.
4 National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine: Carp 4. 1 Pinyin name Lǐ Yú
4.2 Alias of Carp Big Carp and Carp
4.3 from Cyprinus carpio L., the whole fish is used as medicine.
4.4 Habitat is distributed all over the country.
4.5 Functions: Indications: detumescence, diuresis, relieving cough and asthma, stopping lactation and preventing miscarriage. Indications: nephritis edema, cough and asthma, lack of milk, etc.
4.6 Prescription for chronic nephritis: fresh carp (1 kg) 1 strip, scale and viscera removed, vinegar 1 2, tea 2 yuan, * * * put in the pot, add water to stew until cooked, and eat it on an empty stomach (if you can't finish eating it at one time, you can eat it twice).
Treatment of cough and asthma: 1 carp, peeled, wrapped in mud and cooked, punctured, cooked with glutinous rice and taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 time every day.
Treatment of mouth-eye deviation: mix carp blood and sugar evenly and apply it on the affected side (right side to left, left side to right).
Treatment of chronic otitis media: wipe the pus in the ear, then drip fresh carp bile into the ear and fill the ear hole with cotton balls, once a day 1 time.
4.7 Excerpted from the National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine
5 Chinese Materia Medica: Carp 5. 1 from Shennong Materia Medica Classic; 1. Dietotherapy Materia Medica: Carp can remove the two tendons and black blood on the spine, which is toxic.
5.2 Pinyin Name Lǐ Yú
5.3 English name cyprinoid, Carp
5.4 Alias of carp: Red carp, Kidnapper carp and carp roe.
5.5 Source: the flesh or whole body of Cyprinidae carp.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: carp.
Carp can be caught with nets and hooks. Most of them are used as medicine for fresh fish.
5.6 Original carp, spindle-shaped, with flat side and round abdomen. A stiff kiss. Mouth position, horseshoe shape. It must be two pairs. The eyes are small and located above the longitudinal axis of the head. There are 3 rows of hypopharyngeal teeth, and the inner teeth are molars. The scale is large, and the lateral line scale is 3339. Gill harrow is generally 1822. Dorsal fin 3, 152 1, the third hard thorn is firm, and the trailing edge is serrated. Gluteal fins 3, 5. The trailing edge of the third thorn also has serrations. The question mark on the back of the body is pure black, the lower part of the lateral line is nearly golden yellow, and the abdomen is pale white. The base of dorsal fin and caudal fin is slightly black, and the caudal fin and anal fin of male fish are orange-red.
5.7 Ecological environment of habitat distribution: It mostly inhabits the soft bottom of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds and places with overgrown water plants.
Distribution of resources: All provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions except Tibet.
5.8 Breeding and living habits: Middle and lower layer fish are omnivorous in various fresh water areas, eating small animals, plants and plankton, decaying debris and artificial feed. When the water temperature is above 10℃, the food intake will increase with the increase of water temperature. In autumn, they eat a lot of body fat for the winter, and during the breeding season, their food intake decreases until the end of spawning. In natural waters, carp can grow up to 20kg at most, and grow fast within three years. The growth rate slowed down after the 3rd instar.
Breeding technology, male fish 1 year mature, female fish mature in 2 years, and mature in cold areas in the north later than in the south. You can lay eggs in running water or still water, and there are hundreds of thousands of eggs. Sticking eggs, fertilized eggs can hatch fry in 35 days. In artificial breeding, in order to synchronize the mating, spawning and hatching time of parent fish, exogenous hormones (such as pituitary hormones) are often used to aphrodisiac parent fish, which is widely used in fishing grounds in the north and south of China. The newborn fry is called "splash"; After 15 days of feeding, it is called "Wuzaitou" when it grows to 22 cm long; Growing to more than 3cm is called "summer flower"; Fish species that grow to 10 17cm after 35 months are called "autumn leaves" or "autumn flowers"; The fish species that come out of the pond in winter are called "winter slices" or "winter flowers"; The fish species that come out of the pond in the spring of the following year are called "Chunpian" or "Chunhua", which are collectively called 1 year-old fish species or larval fish species. After 1 year feeding, spring-sown fish species are called old mouth fish or pond fish when they grow to 50500 g.
Feeding management, artificial carp culture includes pond culture, reservoir culture, lake culture, gully culture, cage culture, running water culture and other methods. At present, it is advocated to cultivate fish species on a large scale in large ponds, which has high survival rate, fast growth and obvious economic benefits.
Ponds for stocking fry should be leveled, repaired, disinfected, frozen and dried in winter to remove diseases and wild fish. 78 days before stocking, 50 1 hm 2225300 fish were injected into the pond. After stocking, you can sprinkle bean sprouts and straw pulp every day, fertilize with big grass, apply fermentation fertilizer and chemical fertilizer appropriately, and cultivate plankton. When fish and litchi grow to 3cm and become summer flowers, they should be pulled into the pond for sparse planting or sold as products. The suitable summer flowers in ponds are 65,438+0 hm 2,525,000 and 67,500, which grow rapidly. In summer, duckweed, bean cake, sugar bran and grass can be put in the feed. Adult fish can be intensively cultured in ponds, and the cultivation technology should be comprehensively strengthened, and the eight-character policy of "water, species, food, density, mixing, rotation, prevention and management" should be implemented to increase production and increase value. And carp can be raised in cages, running water, rice fields and other forms. Carp are kept in reservoirs and ponds, and it is difficult to catch them.
5.9 Chemical Composition The general chemical composition of carp meat varies with origin, season, environment, age and nutritional status. Every 100g contains about 77g of water, protein 17.3g, fat 5. 1g and ash 1g (including 25mg of calcium, 75mg of phosphorus10.6mg of iron). In winter, the contents of protein and some amino acids in carp meat decreased. In muscle water extract, cystine, histidine, glutamic acid, glycine, α -alanine and sarcosine decreased, while lysine, arginine and aspartic acid decreased. Free amino acids in carp meat are the main flavor components. Glutamate, glycine and histidine are the most abundant free acids in 10. It contains saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Polyunsaturated fatty acids include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It contains creatine, creatine phosphate (3. 1mg), vitamins (A20u, B 1400μg, B280μg, nicotinic acid (2.0mg). Every 100g of fresh muscle contains vitamin C 0. 100g mg, and also contains cathepsins (A, B and C).
5. 10 pharmacological action Carp is a kind of freshwater fish with abundant resources, which has been used as the main raw material for extracting eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The main pharmacological effects of EPA and DHA are lowering blood pressure, antithrombotic, lowering blood viscosity and resisting ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
5. 1 1 is sweet; gender equality
5. 12 meridians and spleen meridians; Kidney; Stomach; Foot shaoyang
5. The function of13 is mainly used to strengthen spleen and stomach; Facilitate underwater gas; Breastfeeding; Have a baby. Main stomach pain; Diarrhea; Water is wet and swollen; Poor urination; Beriberi; Jaundice; Cough against qi; Restlessness of fetal movement; Pregnancy edema; Postpartum milk deficiency
5. 14 oral administration and dosage of carp: steamed soup or boiled, 100240g. External use: appropriate amount, burnt ash mixed with vinegar.
5. 15 caution for wind-heat users.
5. 16 Attachment ① All swollen heads: one carp, three liters of alcohol. Boil it, dry the wine and eat it. Don't use vinegar, salt and other things. ("Filling the Vacancy") 2 Controlling water and swelling: A carp is the biggest. Turn around, tail and bones, only take meat, cook with two buckets of water, one liter of red beans and fish, take more than two liters of juice, and twist me with a raw cloth. If you can't finish eating, you can divide two clothes. You will benefit from wearing warm clothes. ("The Secret Recipe of Taiwan") 3 Edema foot: one catty of red-tailed carp. When it was broken, there was no water or salt. It's five dollars of raw alum, not ground. The abdomen is wrapped in fire paper and the outside is wrapped in loess mud. Cook it in the oven and take it out. Remove the paper mud to make porridge. It was used up in one day. ("Summary of Medical Prescriptions") 4 Treating cough due to upper qi and dyspnea due to thoracic obstruction: carp 1 piece. Cut the picture, eat it with ginger and vinegar, and get garlic. ("Medical Heart Mirror") 5 Treatment of jaundice: one big carp (viscera removed, no scales removed). Cook in the fire and eat in batches. ("Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine") ⑥ Treatment of carbuncle swelling: carp is burned to ashes and applied with vinegar. (Chihiro)
5. 17 Various discussions 1. Do not record: mainly cough against the upper qi, jaundice, thirst quenching: the living mainly edema, full feet, lower qi.
2. "Theory of Medicinal Properties": Burn ashes, do not use glutinous rice to cook porridge (adjust clothes), and treat cough.
3. "Materia Medica": the main fetus. Fetal movement, pregnant women's body swelling, suitable for soup. Break air conditioning blocks and beams, and give thick garlic.
4. "southern Yunnan materia medica": treating dysentery, watery diarrhea, cold and stomach cold, and making soup.
5. "Outline": boiling, steaming and urinating; If you don't burn, you can sweat, relieve asthma and cough, and milk ejection can reduce swelling.
6. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": cure hematochezia and boil white wax.
5. 18 Clinical application of carp for diuresis and detumescence: Take 1 fresh carp, weighing about 1 kg, remove scales and viscera, and cook with adzuki bean 1 water (first boil adzuki bean, then add carp) without adding seasonings such as salt and vinegar. Take 1 time before dry meals or breakfast. Patients with severe illness can take two doses within 1 day, and patients with mild illness and consolidated curative effect can only take half a dose. Clinical observation of 9 patients with portal vein cirrhosis complicated with edema or ascites showed that urine volume increased obviously after taking the medicine, with the fastest 3 days and the slowest 10 days, with an average of 5 days. With the increase of urine volume, edema and ascites gradually subsided. However, the diuretic effect decreased after drug withdrawal. In addition, 1 1 cases of chronic nephritis edema were also treated with carp tea vinegar soup, which achieved remarkable diuretic and detumescence effects.
5. 19 from Chinese materia medica
Carp uses 6 tips: about 100g each time.
7 The nutritional value of carp is 1. Carp not only has high protein content, but also has good quality. The digestibility of carp can reach 96%, which can supplement essential amino acids, minerals, vitamin A and vitamin D.
2. The fat of carp is mostly unsaturated fatty acid, which can lower cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Therefore, eating more fish can lead to a long and healthy life.
8 carp processing and fish cutting methods:
1, the fish is thin, the fiber is short, and it is easily broken. When cutting fish, the skin of the fish should be facing down, and the blade should be inclined, preferably along the fishbone, so as to cut it more cleanly;
There is a layer of mucus on the skin of fish, which is slippery and difficult to cut. If you put your hands in salt water for a while when cutting fish, you won't slip when cutting.
Tips for washing fish:
1, soak the fish in cold water, add two spoonfuls of vinegar, and then remove phosphorus after two hours, which is easy to scrape;
2. If the fish is dirty, you can scrub it with rice washing water, which will not only clean the fish, but also make your hands not too awkward;
3. When processing fish, if you accidentally break the gallbladder, you can quickly put baking soda in the place with the gallbladder, or sprinkle some wine, and then rinse it with water to remove the bitterness;
4, fish have mucus, mucus is easy to get dirty; When washing fish, wash the fish with fine salt first, and then rinse with clear water, so that the fish can be washed very clean.
Carp is suitable for the general population.
1. Suitable for nephritis edema, jaundice hepatitis, ascites due to cirrhosis, cardiogenic edema, malnutrition edema, beriberi edema and cough; At the same time, it is suitable for women with pregnancy edema, restless fetal movement and postpartum milk deficiency;
2. Anyone suffering from malignant tumor, lymphoid tuberculosis, lupus erythematosus, bronchial asthma, mumps in children, thromboangiitis obliterans, carbuncle, urticaria, skin eczema and other diseases should not eat; At the same time, carp is a hair product, so people with excessive yang and sores should eat it carefully.
10 therapeutic effect of carp carp is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and enters the spleen, kidney and lung meridians;
Has the effects of invigorating spleen, regulating stomach, inducing diuresis to relieve swelling, promoting lactation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving cough and lowering qi;
Is beneficial to various edema, edema, abdominal distension, oliguria, jaundice and galactorrhea;
Carp has a good therapeutic effect on pregnant women with restless fetal movement and swollen pregnancy. Chinese medicine believes that all parts of carp can be used as medicine. Carp skin can treat fish stalks; Carp blood can treat mouth-eye deviation; Carp soup can treat children's body sores; Carp has special effects on edema and fetal movement of pregnant women.
1 1 Foods similar to carp should not be eaten with mung beans, taro, beef and sheep oil, pig liver, chicken, Schizonepeta, licorice, pumpkin, red beans and dog meat, and Chinese medicines should not be taken with cinnabar; Carp and pickles can cause digestive tract cancer.
12 suggestions for carp consumption 1. There is a white rib on both sides of the carp belly, which can remove fishy smell; Cut a small mouth near the gill of carp, and the white tendon will be exposed. Hold them with tweezers and take them out gently and forcefully.
2. There are many cooking methods for carp, including braising, dry burning and sweet and sour.
3. Use less salt when using breast milk; When cooking fish, shrimp and other aquatic products, you don't need to put monosodium glutamate because they have good flavor;
4. When frying, pick up the fish tail, pour hot oil on the fish body while frying, and then soak it in oil after setting;
5. Skillfully deodorize: 1. After descaling and laparotomy cleaning, put some yellow wine in the basin to remove the fishy smell of the fish in this area and make the fish taste delicious. 2, fresh fish cut open and washed, soaked in milk for a while can not only remove the fishy smell, but also increase the umami flavor. 3. Chew three or five pieces of tea when the fish tastes in your mouth, and you will feel fresh immediately.
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The ancient book "Zheng Ben Cao" Carp: [Volume 20 Top Grade] Carp bile is mainly swollen, full and suffocating. Minister Yu Xi and others want to press the general medical cloud of abdominal edema: carp, cold. Medicine to the cloud: Ping. Chen Shiliangyun: Non-toxic. Bone dominates women's leucorrhea ...
Compendium of Materia Medica: 【 Scales 44 and Scales 3 】 The tendons and black blood of carp are toxic, and the things in the stream are toxic in the brain, so they cannot be eaten. All roasted carp must not let smoke enter the eyes and damage the eyes, and must be tested within three days. I was sick for a day and went down. ...
Complete works of ancient and modern medical systems: [Volume 87] Porridge compiled by Lao Lao Yu (Part II), with five flavors harmonized. Eat on an empty stomach, or soup or wine. Treatment of deafness in the elderly with carp brain porridge. Carp brain japonica rice is two kinds of porridge, which is eaten on an empty stomach. Pork kidney porridge ...
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Prepare 1000 yuan for emergency: [Volume 6] The eighth ear disease.