Mongolia, a former part of China, not only reminds people of the slowly windswept sand, but also the beautiful scenery of wind-blown meadows and cattle and sheep. Today, Mongolia has been living in a precarious situation, like a child who ran away from home in anger and was led astray by bad people, but deep down, he still has the heart to return. This country with a population of several million is attracting more and more attention from many countries around the world. But without the historical spiritual support of China, what else does Mongolia have?
Mongolia has become a pawn played by world powers
Recently, it can be said that Mongolia is very lively. In fact, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Mongolia have conducted military exercises and given a lot of military and economic assistance; later they conducted military exercises with Russia and received a large amount of Russian military assistance; later they also held military exercises with India, and India also promised to provide Mongolia with a large amount of military assistance and economic assistance. In fact, does Mongolia understand? He should understand that the reason why Mongolia is favored by so many countries is simply because it is sandwiched between China and Russia, and more importantly, it was once a part of China.
It is precisely because of this special historical factor that so many countries have provided so much economic and military assistance. However, while accepting food from so many countries, it has also become a pawn played by the big powers. On someone else's chessboard, you have to act as a pawn or gunner.
Cool to the end, only Greater China will be harmed
It is undeniable that Mongolia is a part or branch of Chinese history, just like South Korea and North Korea, no matter how you deny it , No matter how you avoid it or oppose it, you can't change this historical fact. Outer Mongolia and South Korea are both branches of Chinese civilization, just like a branch of a big tree. Any action that severs the relationship with the main body will ultimately not find its own direction and historical destination. Until now, all Korean books and texts from 60 years ago are still in Chinese characters. Can they leave this period of history?
The same is true for Outer Mongolia! What they want to deny and get rid of is precisely their most fatal and vulnerable place. So if we persist like this, those big countries that sow discord will be proud, but it will be Greater China that will be hurt!
After the drastic changes between the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Mongolia achieved political transformation and was regarded by the West as a model for Asian democracies. How has Mongolia's transformation gone over the past 20 years? What changes has this country experienced and what is its current situation? With the rise of China, after decades of isolation from China, Mongolia's exchanges with China have rapidly become more frequent. However, in recent years, discordant voices of anti-China and anti-Chinese voices have been heard in Mongolian society. Why do these sounds occur? What impact will it have on China-Mongolia relations? The above is what this topic wants to tell readers.
Integration and separation from the Chinese territory
More than 300 years ago, with the establishment of the Manchu Empire, Mongolia truly integrated into the Chinese territory and became a part of China. After the Revolution of 1911, Outer Mongolia separated from China with the support of Tsarist Russia and chose to attach itself to Russia. Perhaps in the eyes of the Mongols, these two choices were forced. Therefore, when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1989 and Mongolia once again had the right to choose, Mongolia became "smart" and chose a "multi-pivot" balanced diplomacy. The successful transformation of Mongolia's domestic political and economic system in the past 20 years has also made it more and more capable. It has a lot of capital to compete with its two major neighbors, North and South.
The independent Outer Mongolia was fully "Sovietized"
Outer Mongolia was originally Chinese territory. After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, China fell into a chaotic era of warlord rule. At that time, various provinces responded by declaring independence and getting rid of the rule of the Qing government. Outer Mongolia, like other provinces in China, declared independence with the planning and support of Tsarist Russia. But before Tsarist Russia could swallow this fruit, World War I broke out, followed by the October Revolution. After the civil war ended, the new Soviet regime was free to take care of the legacy of Tsarist Russia.
In 1921, Soviet Russia supported the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in Mongolia and established the Soviet regime. This regime was not internationally recognized at the time, but Soviet Russia completely transformed it—from a complete copy of the political and economic model to an identical political struggle model. By the end of World War II, whether to join the Soviet Eastern European system no longer seemed so important. Mongolia had completed comprehensive "Sovietization."
Mongolia’s comprehensive “Sovietization” is first reflected in the ruling party: important cadres of the People’s Revolutionary Party must study and train in the Soviet Union; whoever is favored by Moscow can stand out in the party; whoever has Whoever has a Soviet background or a Soviet wife has important capital for rapid rise. Secondly, Mongolian society has completed a thorough cultural and social transformation: in terms of language, a large number of Russian vocabulary has been absorbed, in terms of writing, Slavic has replaced Mongolian, in terms of clothing, Soviet-style clothing has replaced Mongolian robes, in terms of food, Russian-style Western food has been promoted in cities, and history Genghis Khan was also erased. It can be said that except for the appearance and language of the people, there seems to be no difference between Mongolia and the Soviet Union.
With the help of the Soviet "Big Brother", there is no need to worry about food and drink
With the assistance of the Soviet Union, since the 1960s, Mongolia has gradually established itself from a single livestock country to a country with mining, The industrial system of power, fuel, etc., the proportion of industrial output in the national economy increased from 12 in 1940.
77% rose to 42.5% in 1980. The proportion of urban population increased from 21% in 1956 to 55.7% in 1989.
The Soviet Union’s assistance to Mongolia mainly consisted of preferential loans and direct aid. In addition, since the trade between “its own brothers” did not require money and goods, Mongolia gradually owed huge debts to the Soviet and Eastern Bloc countries. Only when the Soviet Union collapsed , Mongolia had a debt of 11.7 billion transfer rubles to the Soviet Union. But the money owed to "Big Brother" does not even have to be repaid. At the end of 2003, Russia announced that 98% of it would be exempted.
Although there was nothing else in the shops in Mongolia at that time except candles and salt, compared with other countries in the Soviet-Eastern camp, people did not have to spend time queuing or go through the back door for meat, eggs, milk and other foods. Like their ancestors thousands of years ago, the Mongolians have no shortage of meat to eat and milk to drink.
Under the Soviet Union's "high-pressure" policy, the Mongolians were purged
In Mongolia before the transformation, in terms of material, it cannot be said that everyone is rich but basically satisfied. Perhaps the greatest dissatisfaction of the Mongolians is the lack of freedom and the fear of the Soviet dictatorship. After the Soviet Union took control of Mongolia in 1921, it confiscated the property of Buddhist temples, destroyed temples, arrested lamas, and basically destroyed Tibetan Buddhism. After Mongolia rebelled against the Soviet Union in 1932, the Soviet Union carried out purges and persecution in Mongolia. From 1933 to 1953, 36,000 people died or went missing, while Mongolia had only 730,000 people at the time. In just 20 years, nearly 5% of people in this country died abnormally.
Even during the "Little Indian Summer Period of Mongolian-Soviet Politics" in 1962, Timur Ochir, the Propaganda Minister of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, advocated holding commemorative activities on the 800th anniversary of the birth of Genghis Khan, which also made the Soviet Union furious. The propaganda minister was later dismissed from all posts. A Mongolian writer was once fired from his job for "insulting the Russians" because his novel recorded that a Soviet military vehicle ran over a man and drove away. These repressions of national consciousness and culture, as well as individual lack of freedom caused by lack of political independence, have caused revolutionary ideas to quietly surge in this country.
The moment when you decide your own destiny
In 1989, when the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe experienced drastic changes, the Soviet big brother, who was too busy to take care of himself, decided to give up interfering in the internal affairs of each "satellite country". As the Soviet Union withdrew its troops from Mongolia, the fate of the Mongols was for the first time in their own hands.
Another big event happened in Outer Mongolia: the Mongolian Congress made an amazing noise!
September 2 ---China Daily reported on Friday that Bold Javkhlan, the first vice president of the Central Bank of Mongolia, said that Mongolia is studying the possibility of including the renminbi in its foreign exchange reserves.
But Javkhlan said that there is still a long way to go before the RMB becomes a major global currency, and the dominance of the U.S. dollar will not be shaken in the next few years.
The RMB is not yet freely convertible, but Malaysia, South Korea Countries such as Cambodia, Belarus, Russia and the Philippines have included the renminbi as part of their foreign exchange reserves.
China is working hard to increase the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade and investment so that the renminbi can play a more important role internationally. It plays a huge role.
The People's Bank of China and the Central Bank of Mongolia signed a bilateral local currency swap agreement worth RMB 5 billion in May 2011. This is the 11th agreement signed by China since the end of 2008. Currency swap agreement.
It is said that the Mongolian Congress has proposed that Mongolia return to China
Recently, the Hong Kong media reported a news that "the Mongolian Congress proposed to merge Mongolia into China."
According to Hong Kong media reports, the Mongolian State Great Hural Conference is currently discussing a proposal regarding a plan to establish a federal state between Mongolia and China.
Gobi Province committee members first proposed the above plan at the National Social and Economic Development Seminar.
The Great Hural Conference of Mongolia specifically discussed the establishment of a Mongolian-China alliance and the integration of Mongolia into China. During the discussion, members of the Gobi Province proposed annexing Mongolia to China and establishing a Chinese special administrative region similar to Hong Kong and Macau, so that Mongolia would eventually return to the motherland and become part of China.
Members of the National Great Hural of Mongolia have repeatedly proposed that Mongolia join China. However, due to resistance, the proposal has never been discussed. In recent years, the Mongolian government has been under increasing pressure due to economic difficulties. The wealthy life of the Mongolian people in Erlian and other places in China has exerted a strong attraction on herders. Including many upper-class figures, they are increasingly attracted by China's economic development, especially the relative prosperity and abundance of Inner Mongolia.
But on the other hand, it will be very far away and even almost impossible for China to "recover" Outer Mongolia on the political map