This word is the second of five groups of words in Wei Zhuang's Bodhisattva Man, which was written by Wei Zhuang when he lived in Shu in his later years. For this group of words, most of the predecessors thought that it was written by poets who lived in Shu and thought about the Tang Dynasty. For example, Selected Poems thinks that it was written after being stationed in Shu, and Chen Tingzhuo's White Jade Zhai directly thinks that it means "thinking of the monarch" and "thinking of the old country". However, before Wang Jian proclaimed himself emperor, he would talk about it. Feng Juan proposed that he should be the king of Shu, but Wang Jian refused to obey. Finally, Wei Zhuang's plan was used to establish the kingdom of Shu, namely the throne (Zi Tongzhi Jian, volume 266). It can be seen that the theory of "thinking about Tang" is not credible. Judging from these five words themselves, when Wei Zhuang stayed in Shu in his later years to review his life and miss his hometown, he showed the anxiety and helplessness of "hometown is not to be asked" (Wei Zhuang's "Traveling South to Fuyang on the River") and the deep sadness of "missing guests" (Wei Zhuang's "With Zheng Ganqiu Baiyun"). In terms of artistic expression, this word is the most representative.
"Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists only join Jiangnan." I see, there are three "people" and two "Jiangnan" in just fourteen words. I don't shy away from being straightforward and repetitive, but my feelings are profound and intriguing. "Everyone says" not only refers to the views of Sichuanese, but also includes the general understanding of scholars. The epigrams such as "Remembering Jiangnan" and "Dreaming Jiangnan" in literati's ci in the middle Tang Dynasty are dedicated to praising the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan, among which Bai Juyi's three poems "Remembering Jiangnan" are the most famous. Although Wei Zhuang lived all over the south of the Yangtze River in his early years, he was no stranger to the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River. However, it is said that "everyone says Jiangnan is good", but the word "Jiangnan is good" is obviously said by others. The hidden meaning of this period is that I have never thought Jiangnan is good, but everyone says Jiangnan is good. In addition, there is an intention to persuade him to stay, indicating that the poet intends to return to his hometown and is uneasy about staying in Jiangnan for a long time. Therefore, the following "Wanderers only become old in Jiangnan" revealed a lot of helplessness and sadness. The opposition between "tourist" and "everyone" implies that the poet has confirmed his self-identity-he is just a tourist in the south of the Yangtze River. "Combination only" means that you should only, have to, have to. Compared with "do say", imagining yourself like this means infinite sadness and desolation. The "old" here means not only the old here, but also the meaning of "dying of old age". Moreover, compared with the word "good" in the first sentence, it falls at the end of the sentence, giving people a stronger psychological impact. It can be seen that the poet's feeling of "Jiangnan" is different. After describing the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan in Bai Juyi's ci, he expressed his attachment to Jiangnan by "forgetting Jiangnan", "when to come again" and "meeting again in the morning and evening" respectively. Wei Zhuang, though he also knows and acknowledges the "beauty of the south of the Yangtze River" (as can be seen from the last four sentences), has the word "old" and it is difficult for him to agree with the "beauty of the south of the Yangtze River". Just as RoyceWong said in his previous "Ode to the Building": "Although I believe that beauty is not a scholar, how can I treat it less?" Jiangshan believes in beauty rather than homeland, and I don't want to stay long. As long as the knot of "returning home" can't be untied, "Jiangnan" can't eliminate sadness and desolation, and can only be "Jiangnan" in the eyes of wandering wanderers who are deeply tortured by homesickness. The word "Lao" drives away the homesickness that can't be eliminated, and expresses the bitterness of "can't go home" (a brief comment on Tang and Song Ci). In short, the first two sentences always compare other people's feelings with their own, meaning that they are homeless and can only drift in a foreign land and die in the south of the Yangtze River. "Seemingly straightforward", literally plain and straightforward, actually set off an emotional frenzy, and the sadness of "being old" surrounded all the words.
"Spring water is brighter than the sky, painting a boat and listening to the rain. People are like the bright moon, and the frost and snow on their wrists are frozen. " Although these four sentences belong to two lines, they form a whole meaning, and draw the beauty of Jiangnan water town from many angles with freehand brushwork. In spring and Jingming, the clear and moist spring water is simply better than the blue sky. "Spring water is brighter than the sky", which smears the beauty of the water town and makes people's hearts show it, and its beauty is also one; When the drizzle is light, "painting a boat and listening to the rain" is as leisurely and comfortable as a wild crane, which points out the mellow and elegant poetry living in Jiangnan, and the second beauty is also; There are many beautiful women in the south of the Yangtze River, whose faces are as beautiful as flowers and bright as the moon, and their wrists are as smooth as snow and muscles as jade (Selected Works of Famous Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, edited by Long Yusheng, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1978 edition, 16 page "frost" means "double"). Mr. Tang Guizhang thinks that these words describe the "beauty of scenery" and "beauty of people" in Jiangnan. Mr. Tang also thinks that "it's good to prove Jiangnan with his own experience" (A Brief Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci, p. 14). Although this is a fact, I don't think the understanding of these words should stop there. Because behind this beautiful Jiangnan scenery, we can really touch the poet's inner world and feel the growth of his inner sadness. The phrase "spring is brighter than the sky" is of course talking about the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but the word "listening to the rain and sleeping" obviously means that the poet is difficult to sleep. The reason for this is that homesickness is too deep. Although the poets tried their best to create a carefree and quiet realm and make life and nature blend into one, the drizzle in the south of the Yangtze River was "afraid that northerners would not get used to it" (Li Qingzhao's "Ugly Slave Adding Words") and "an empty step hangs out" (the article "More Leakage"). There is elegance in the rain and sorrow in the rain. While "people are like the moon" implicitly uses the allusion that Wen Jun is a prostitute and Ruan Ji is drunk to illustrate the beauty of prostitutes. "Lu", once called "Lu" and "furnace", refers to the earthen table where jars were placed in front of ancient hotels. "Once"? Note in Biography of Kong Rong: "The furnace is made of accumulated soil, so it is named because it is raised on all sides and one side is as high as a forging furnace." Historical records? "Biography of Sima Xiangru" said, "Buy a wine cellar to pour wine and let Wen Jun be the stove". The word "Luan" here reveals the poet's information of drinking and having fun. Judging from the whole word, the poet didn't drown his sorrows by drinking because he was homesick. Therefore, these four sentences are just "reaching and suppressing" (Chen Tingzhuo). On the one hand, they wrote the beautiful scenery and beauty of Jiangnan, and made a concrete explanation to everyone's first sentence of saying "Jiangnan is good", as if to resist homesickness with the beauty of Jiangnan; On the other hand, it is difficult to conceal the sadness in my heart emotionally, which implies that the poet's clear water and clear spring are not enough to solve his sorrow, and the beauty of wine is not enough to comfort his feelings. Tang Jiaoran's poetic style said: "More than two meanings are the purport outside the text", and the wonderful scene is "only seeing temperament, not seeing words". These four sentences are subjective and objective, and they are written with joy and sadness, which can be said to be achieved under such circumstances. In Qing Dynasty, Zhou Yi's "Hui Feng Hua Ci" commented on Wei Zhuang's ci, which was "especially expressive, dense and light" and had a profound understanding of the characteristics of Wei Zhuang's ci.
"Returning home before you are old will break your heart." The word "returning home" is finally expressed in the most authentic rhetoric, from the turning point of commitment. "Don't go home before you get old" and "no" are not "no", but words of exhortation to others, but words of self-persuasion, which just shows that he has never stopped thinking about his hometown. Lu Fangweng's "Hairpin Phoenix" "Although Mengshan is here, it is difficult to entrust the book, Mo, Mo, Mo." The word "Mo" in a row reveals a profound and painful sense of helplessness. The word "Mo" in Wei Zhuang's ci also shows a very deep and painful feeling (Ye Jiaying). The word "not old" means that although you don't return to your hometown for the time being, you still don't forget to return to your roots. Therefore, "returning before you get old" conveys a feeling of homesickness and extreme helplessness. "Returning home" means one thing, "Mo" means the second, and the word "not old" means the third. Because people are not old, it doesn't matter if they wander outside for a few years. RoyceWong's "Going to the Building" said: "I will return to my hometown as soon as possible." People will miss their motherland, especially when they get old. Wei Zhuang's ci seems deep and melancholy, with five words and three meanings. On the surface, they are broad-minded, saying that I am not old, so I don't want to go back to my hometown, but among them, it is a lingering repression of my hometown. "Going back home will be heartbroken" is the truth of "going back home before you get old". Going home is one of the great pleasures of life. Why is it "heartbreaking"? And "must be heartbroken" because you love the spring water that is bluer than the sky, the life lying on the boat listening to the rain, and the beautiful scenery as bright as the moon? I'm afraid that's not entirely true. At that time, the Central Plains, as he described it in "Fu Qin Yin", was "the inner library burned into brilliant ashes, and the bones of officials were trampled out in Tianjie". Returning to that hometown full of wars and bonfires will only lead to heartbreaking sadness. Looking back, "Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists are only old when they vote for Jiangnan", we can understand why Chen Tingzhuo praised Wei Zhuang's words as "straight and elegant, vivid and melancholy".