-Appreciation of Ancient Lotus Poems (1)
Wang chuanxue
In Xia Zhishi, I walked in Chi Pan by the lake, but I saw slender lotus flowers and lotus leaves swaying in the wind, revealing sharp buds, overflowing with fragrance and emitting wisps of fragrance. People are here, watching the fragrant wind turn their backs, enjoying the red fragrance and green water, and reducing the heat.
Lotus, also known as lotus, hibiscus, hibiscus, lotus and so on. It has always been loved by literati and is a common image in ancient Chinese poetry. Among the spectacular ancient poems, there are many poems praising the lotus, praising its gentlemanly demeanor, appreciating its elegant character, singing with its unique charm, or praising its beautiful charm ... Let us wander in the ancient poems and taste the artistic charm of the lotus image.
The origin of lotus and China culture can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. In the book of songs, the earliest collection of poems in China, we can find a record about lotus flowers: "There are floating elements in the mountains and flowers in the mountains." (The Book of Songs Zheng Fengshan has Fu Su) Lotus is planted in a wet depression. The Book of Songs Morning Wind Zebei begins with "the evil of the other, and what is the difference between the two", which sets off a beautiful and moving woman like a lotus flower. Li Sao, a great patriotic poet in the Warring States period, has such a poem: "Lotus is the best dress, and picking hibiscus is the best dress." A coat is made of green lotus leaves and sewn with pink lotus flowers to make the next dress. In order to express his determination not to do as the Romans do and not to compromise with evil forces, poets should wear clothes made of lotus leaves and lotus flowers. Clothes are different from ordinary decorations, and their importance to people's daily life is self-evident. The poet took a fancy to the noble quality and beautiful sentiment of the lotus in the garden, which is consistent with the poet's own temperament.
Lotus is also closely related to the production and life of working people. Picking lotus is an old custom in the south of the Yangtze River, which won in the Six Dynasties. There is a poem "Jiangnan" in Yuefu poetry of Han Dynasty, which writes:
Lotus can be picked in Jiangnan, so there is no lotus leaf. Fish are frolicking among the lotus leaves.
Fish hits the lotus leaf east, fish hits the lotus leaf west, fish hits the lotus leaf south, and fish hits the lotus leaf north.
This is a folk song of picking lotus, which reflects the scene of picking lotus and the happy mood of the people who pick lotus. It has a unique flavor in the folk songs of Han Yuefu.
Folk songs draw a beautiful picture with concise and lively language, repetitive tone, beautiful and meaningful artistic conception and fresh and lively style. The endless green lotus leaves, the fish playing freely and happily under the lotus leaves, and the laughter, sweet songs and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River from the strong man, handsome man and beautiful girl picking lotus on the boat cutting the lotus pond on the water! What a quiet and vivid scene! From a cultural point of view, this is another love song, implying that young men and women play with each other and pursue love. After reading this poem, it seems that a fresh summer is coming. When we feel the poet's peaceful mood, our mood also becomes relaxed. There is not a word about people in the poem, but we seem to hear their voices, see their people, feel a vibrant youth and vitality, feel the inner joy of lotus pickers, and feel the joy and sweetness between young men and women.
The lyric poem Xizhou Qu, which marks the highest achievement in the development of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern Dynasties, also gives a detailed description of lotus flowers and lotus picking: "Lotus picking is over the head in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water ... "The description of the lotus picking scene in the poem vividly shows the unique life of the land of plenty, not limited to the reproduction of life scenes, but expresses the feelings of missing the lovers who traveled far away. It is a beautiful boudoir love poem.
Lotus images frequently appear in Tang poetry. Poets chanted the beauty of lotus, praised its character, expressed their feelings through flowers, and wrote many wonderful poems.
Li Bai, a poet, loves lotus flowers very much. He once praised Wei Taishou's articles for being natural and fresh, and expressed his own views on poetry, advocating purity and nature and opposing decoration and carving. He wrote many poems about lotus flowers. Look at this song "Antique" first.
Bihe gives birth to a quiet spring, and the sunshine in the morning is bright and fresh.
Autumn flowers spit green water and dense leaves are full of smoke.
Beauty is beauty, and the fragrance is passed to whom.
Sit and watch the flying frost fade.
If I don't find the root cause, I would like to believe in the edge of Huachi.
The meaning of the poem is: the green lotus grows by the quiet spring, and the morning light reflects them in Ming Che. In the clear autumn, hibiscus blooms and rises from the green water, and thick round leaves are covered with plumes of smoke. Beautiful face, full of fragrance, unparalleled, but who would recommend them? Seeing the autumn frost getting thicker and the autumn wind getting thicker, it is inevitable that the beautiful scenery will fade away. I hope they can grow in the Queen Mother's Yaochi, always bright and never fade.
Li Bai's "Ancient Style" has 59 songs, which is the 26th. Poetry should be written shortly before the imperial edict. This poem hints at his talent and virtue by means of Bichi Furong, hoping to recommend it to the emperor.
The whole poem takes lotus as the object of praise. Write the beauty of lotus, with "bright" and "fresh"; Divided into "flowers", "leaves", "color" and "fragrance"; Accompanied by Asahi, Green Water and Cooking Smoke. Write about the misfortune of lotus and say "empty" and "withered" The words "Mao" and "Luo" in "Autumn Flowers Green, Dense Leaves Green" are extremely well used, sharp and enthusiastic, and collected. "If the roots are not found, I would like to believe in Huachi": Huachi, the pool of Fanghua. The last two sentences express the will to actively use the world.
Li Bai's "Ancient Style" takes lotus as a metaphor, which tells the lotus's mind and conveys the poet's heart: there are peerless beauty and extraordinary talents, but no one appreciates them. I also expressed that my ambition is not to be buried, but to find a place where I can realize my ideals and ambitions.
Another poem by Li Bai, Folding Lotus, creates a different artistic conception:
Rowing to the river, the rippling river is more like a bright lotus.
The water drops on the lotus leaf, but they don't roll round.
This beautiful beauty is hiding in the colorful clouds, trying to give her flowers, but far away.
Acacia and meeting life, melancholy in the bleak autumn wind.
The swaying lotus attracted the poet's admiration. Such a beautiful scenery, if accompanied by beautiful women, really complement each other. It's a pity that the beauty in the poet's eyes, like the lotus flower, "can only be seen from a distance, not used for fun", which makes the poet feel infinite disappointment.
Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, intoned:
The lotus skirt is cut in one color, and the hibiscus flowers bloom on both sides of the face.
Lotus is mixed in the lotus pond, and it is difficult to recognize the lotus pond. Only when you hear the song do you know that someone is picking lotus in the pond-picking lotus.
This poem, like a beautiful picture of lotus picking, describes the working life and youthful joy of a girl picking lotus in Jiangnan. The poem is about a girl picking lotus, but it is not a positive description. Instead, the lotus leaf is green as a skirt, the lotus flower is red as a face, and no one can hear the song, skillfully combining the beauty and nature of the lotus picking girl. The whole poem is lively, poetic and full of life interest. The first two sentences of the poem make people feel that these lotus-picking girls are simply a part of beautiful nature; The last two sentences are about people standing together and gazing at each other for an instant. The first two sentences focus on objective description, while the last two sentences focus on subjective feelings. The combination of objective description and subjective feelings well shows the beautiful artistic conception that people can't compete with each other.
The lotus fragrance in the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran's "Nan Ting Xia Xiang Xin" floated with the wind;
The shadow of the mountain rises suddenly, and the moon in the pond rises slowly from the east.
Hang your hair in the shade at night, open the window and lie down in a quiet and spacious place.
The evening breeze sent waves of lotus fragrance, and the dew on the bamboo leaves made a crisp sound.
I thought I would want to make a song, make a song, I just hate my friends in front of me.
Feeling for a night, I miss my old friends all night, and it is hard to miss them in my dreams.
This poem is about the summer night water pavilion, enjoying the cool, refreshing, relaxing and missing friends. At the beginning of the poem, the sun sets and the moon rises, setting a scene to enjoy the cool. Write three or four sentences to enjoy the cool after bathing, showing leisure and comfort. In five or six sentences, I continued to write the true feelings of smelling the fragrance and enjoying the cool. Seven or eight sentences are written from quiet to the sound of the piano, to "bosom friends", from enjoying the cool to getting pregnant. Finally, I hope my friends can spend a wonderful night and have a dream by my side. The whole poem is delicate in emotion, fluent in language, distinct in layers and full of charm. The sentence "The wind sends me lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves are dripping with dew" is a good sentence to write cool and refreshing.
Bai Juyi, a great poet in Tang Dynasty, loved the nobility of lotus, especially white lotus. His "Six Years Autumn White Lotus" has the poem "Sufu contains fresh jade crowns, and the leaves shake the fan round", which tells that the white lotus is pure as jade; In Feeling Bai Lianhua, I appreciate the independence and loneliness of the lotus: "Don't mix it with red, the color can distinguish itself." Further wrote in "The White Lotus of Torin Temple":
The water in Lintong Beitang is crystal clear.
Bai Furong was born in China and has 300 stems.
Glowing in the daytime, clear and fragrant.
Fragrant silver capsules are broken, and the jade plate is inclined.
I'm ashamed to see this Joan Yao Ying.
It is called Honglian, but it has a clean name.
The summer calyx is not resting, and the autumn chamber is exhausted.
In the middle of the night, the monks went to bed and walked around the pool alone.
I want to collect a coin and send it back to Chang 'an.
But I'm afraid that the world can't grow out of the mountains.
What is the image of White Lotus? The poet described it heartily in four poems: "the day shines brilliantly and the fragrance is scattered." The fragrant silver bag is broken and the jade plate is inclined. " The sunshine is colorful and the fragrance is elegant in the breeze. Flowers bloom like sachets, lotus leaves stretch like jade plates, and dewdrops roll down bit by bit. "I know Honglian, but I have a clean name." Compare the colors of red lotus and white lotus to highlight the purity of white lotus. At this point, the poet issued such a sigh: "I want to collect a penny and send it back to Chang' an." But I'm afraid there will be no life out of the mountain. "In the poet's mind, this lotus is a fairy in the sky, how can it grow on earth? Expressed the poet's sincere love for the white lotus.
Li Shangyin, a poet in Tang Dynasty, praised the mutual reflection of lotus leaves and lotus flowers.
Flowers in the world have nothing to do with leaves, and flowers go into the golden basin for dust.
Only the lotus flower is matched with red flowers and green leaves. The lotus leaf has a roll of Shu, and the lotus flower has a bloom, which is so perfect and natural. .
This flower and this leaf set each other off, and the green color reduced the red color, killing people!
This is a poem with profound ideological content. There is a long-standing folk proverb in China: "Although the lotus is good, it must be supported by green leaves." Li Shangyin's seven-character ancient poems vividly show valuable ideas similar to this proverb. The author says that most people always attach importance to flowers rather than leaves. The flower was planted in a golden basin, but the leaves made it fall to the ground and turned into dust. However, the red flowers and green leaves of lotus are very harmonious. They reflected on each other for a long time until the green leaves decreased and the red flowers withered, which made people feel extremely disappointed. In this way, the fate of lotus leaves is written, which is very emotional.
Li Shangyin was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. His poems are famous for their beauty. He often uses poetic language with vague allusions or artistic conception to express his unique views and profound thoughts. His poems give people an obscure and tortuous feeling, especially his Untitled. However, his "Give Lotus" is not the case. The poet described the magnificence of lotus and lotus leaf in fresh and clear language.
The first two sentences of this poem describe two different fates of flowers and leaves. The happiness of flowers and the misfortune of leaves are always reflected in their "incoherence": for flowers and leaves, people generally treat them separately, appreciate flowers and care for them, but despise leaves, so flowers are put into golden pots, carefully cared for, watered and bathed every day, and leaves are allowed to wither. As a result, the friendship between lotus leaf and lotus flower is grandly launched: the green lotus leaf, which has just exposed its sharp corners, slowly rolls and stretches; The pink lotus blooms gradually, blooming from the bud like an arrow. They open and close and roll, swaying naturally and extremely beautiful, with red leaves and green flowers. Its scenery is beautiful. The poet sincerely praised: "This flower and this leaf often set each other off, reducing the red and killing people." How he hopes that the flowers will grow green and flourish until the green ones are reduced and the red ones are gone, and they will still shine. From this description, we can see that the lotus is really different. Their flowers and leaves share weal and woe and are firm. They are unique among the flowers and show their unique charm.
The ancients used lotus flowers to describe many virtues of gentlemen, and borrowed the characteristics of lotus flowers to compare and praise the outstanding independent character of noble and refined, not flattering the world. But this poem praises the "naive" quality of the lotus leaf, in order to praise the virtue of sincerity but not hypocrisy.