Tan Qian-Chronology of Ming Dynasty

Most people who study the history of Ming Dynasty regard Lu, Zhou, Annals and Bamboo Slips as their main reference books. In addition, there is a very important chronicle of the Ming Dynasty written by Tan Qian and Guo Que. Because there was no printed version before 1958, it was rarely circulated, so few people saw and used it. However, this book is of great historical value and is an indispensable book for those who study the history of Ming Dynasty. Tan Qian, formerly known as Xun, whose real name was Guan Ruo, later renamed Die, also known as Rumu, was born in Zaolin, Ning County, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty. He wrote from "Jujube Forest Mixed Years", "In my last life, Zaolin, a salt official in the last years of Germany, now has less than 400 people. This is virtue! When I am dying, I am safe! There is no way to find heaven, but learn from jujube trees and the earth, and don't forget a new root. Very sad! Born in Ming Shenzong in the 21st year of Guangxu reign, he died in the 14th year of Guangxu reign. His family is poor. According to the records of Haining County, Chu Shi is an honest man. Although he is a teacher and an adult, he doesn't make any mistakes. So far, his family has stood on four walls. On several occasions, he refused to accept gifts or pay for his belongings. It can be seen that his character is Geng Jie, an old scholar with backbone. Before middle age, due to the lack of reliable information, his living conditions were not clear; After middle age, people probably make a living by being a screen friend, doing some literary and ink affairs, writing some entertainment words, and earning a small salary every month. According to the records of the county annals and Renwu years, Yangcheng was cautious and Jiaozhou was ambitious. They are all friends of each other. Shen Jia is highly developed, and Zhang Qian is the emperor of Tsuzuka. All the gains and losses of the New Deal benefited from consulting Chu Shi. Chu Shi, who knew his story, was recommended to the History Museum. Crying and talking, Lao Bu moved his ears, endured the misfortune of the country and got the official position. Gao Naizhi. It can be seen that since A.D. 1642, they have been talking about bringing themselves into the big plan and exchanging views with Zhang, who they attach great importance to and participated in the early planning. His views on state affairs can be found in the article "Miscellaneous Trees in Jujube Forest, Poverty Alleviation Policy and Persuasion". ".Tan Qian loves books, likes reading and writing, and is familiar with ancient and modern classics. He paid special attention to the history of the Ming Dynasty and had a great view on the chaos between ancient and modern times, especially the allusions of those people in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yizun also said that he paid close attention to the history of the country and studied the admonition records of emperors in past dynasties, which were written and described by various scholars in Gibson. In the first year of the apocalypse, Tan Qian's mother died, and he stayed at home to do his filial piety. He has read Chen Jianshu and Huang Ming's wanted stories. When he was studying before, he felt that after three generations, the country's prosperity and right and wrong were not clearer than mine, so there was nothing more complicated than today. Knowledge or omission, genre or deviation, recording or omission, such as rafters. So he made up his mind to collect information, secretly record it, gradually adopt it and gradually expand it, and sent it to Bai Juan in the sixth year of the Apocalypse, where he wrote the first draft and named it "The Lack of Country". Tan Qian gave a self-created example: on the crossbar and on the water, you can say that you are trying to be fair, correct and true. In the preface of the book, Tan Qian criticized several chroniclers before him, saying: Therefore, because of the pain of stealing history, he repeatedly wanted to shake his pen, ashamed and angry, and dared not speak for himself. Looking at the chronicles of each family, those redundant people in humble skins profit or lose from their mistakes. After studying for a few years, you will become greedy. Two years after Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Chongzhen and Hongguang Dynasties continued. Unexpectedly, in August of 1647, Tan Qian, who had no family, was patronized by thieves. The first draft of state monopoly that he worked for many years was stolen by thieves. Tan Gan was surprised and shouted, Oh, I'm doing mine.

He went to Beijing with Zhu, took the opportunity to collect historical materials extensively in Beijing, interviewed elders, ministers, eunuchs and civil servants who were familiar with anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty, visited the ruins, listened to their stories, and borrowed official newspapers of the Chongzhen Dynasty. After more than two years of hard work, I finally finished writing the new manuscript. By this time, he was over sixty years old and his long-cherished wish had come true. How can he enjoy it? I couldn't help editing a poem: I was exhausted in my career, and after the difficulties, I burst into tears. It is still a running account to make up for the disability and promote white hair. It is a chronicle of the Ming Dynasty, with volume *** 104, the first four volumes, volume *** 108, about 5 million words. The first four volumes are divided into Datong, Tian Li, Huangyuan, Princes, Yu Shu, Awards, T-shirts, consorts, Zhige, ministries, families and tributes. It is a comprehensive overview of various political systems in the Ming Dynasty. The rest 104 is recorded from the first year of Tian Li in Yuan Dynasty to the first year of Hong Guang in Ming Dynasty, especially after Wanli. Tan Qian thought that the Liao Dynasty was bad in Wanli Dynasty, so he traced back to the source, paid great attention to the historical materials of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and searched carefully to gain profound historical lessons. The collection of Tan Qian's ci poems is mainly based on the records in Treasure of the Ming Dynasty and has been collected by various schools. However, some records of the Ming Dynasty are inaccurate, ugly and distorted, while other chronicles are clumsy and redundant. Therefore, he didn't I don't fully believe these records. Don't pay attention to private works. His account of historical events is very cautious, choosing good and following, not relying on personal likes and dislikes. For example, when Ming Taizu killed a hero in his later years, the record only said that someone died on a certain day in a certain year, without indicating the cause of death. , but did not hide, try to reflect the real situation at that time. For example, in the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, in the Xing case, 30,000 people were collectively killed. In March and June of that year, we wrote down the characters of Huining, and the viceroy and viceroy Ma Jun were punished by the party. This shows that Zhang Wen, Ma Jun and others were killed by Zhu Yuanzhang because they participated in the aquamarine case. Then, in November of the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu, Erchouwen recorded in detail the suicide surname of Prince Fu Youde-Ying Guogong, who was brave and good at fighting and made great contributions. With the disappearance of aquamarine, my heart is full of fear. Wang Bi, a distant Hou, said that it was appropriate for the Shang Dynasty to paint by itself because of its high spring and autumn period. At the winter banquet, it was all over, and we were criticized and disrespected when we were friendly. You said, tell your second son to go out with his friends, and the guardian will speak first. After a while, Youde mentioned two poems. He was surprised and said, how can you stand it? You said that in the sleeve of the dagger, I just wanted my father and son's ears and killed myself. In a rage, he moved to his hometown in Liaodong and Yunnan. This record vividly depicts Zhu Yuanzhang's cruel nature, and he was suspected of killing heroes in his later years. In, all the historical facts of Wen Jian Dynasty were erased, and all the events of these four years were moved into the remains of envoys from 1990 to 1990. Historians, in the spirit of seeking truth from facts, have restored the true historical features and truly told the whole story of the struggle and murder between Fang Xiaoru and Ming who defended orthodoxy. Volume 12 Ding Chou Huidi was founded in June of the fourth year: the country died and the dutiful son cried day and night. Do not go by station call. The town appeased Wu Yun to enter. Yue: What kind of king do I want to be? Say, is Wang Cheng there? Yue: Qu set himself on fire and died. Yue: The son of King Cheng is here! A little bit. Yue: I have a brother who is a king. On the tongue, he said, teacher, have a rest! Promoting grass letter, filial piety and Confucianism crying and cursing. Yue: Me.

Another example is the Charter Record and Wen Jian's ruling and compilation. It is said that ancestor Judy was born in Ma Huanghou, while Tan Qian said that his ancestor was born in Princess Land. In order to prove that the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty did not decline but rose in the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu nobles refused to accept the title of the Ming Dynasty. They said that the Jianzhou area was never under the jurisdiction of the Ming government. In the revision of the constitution in the Ming Dynasty, the Qing people avoided talking about Nuzhen, who founded the country in Manchuria. In addition, the records of the founding history of the Ming Dynasty were banned and deleted by the revision of the Annals of Dazhi. In this way, the historical facts of the founding of the People's Republic of China from the14th century to the mid-17th century became blank, which led to the lack of sufficient historical evidence for later scholars to study the social and historical development, customs, production and life, and cultural life of Nuzhen. In this book, there is no taboo about the fact that Nuzhen founded the country, and all of them are truthfully described. For example, in November of the first year of Yongle, Ahalai, the leader of Jurchen Savage, was recorded. Established Jianzhou Health Command. In February of Yongle in 2002, Gui You wrote: Make slaves defend, swear: female savage. In August of the eighth year of Yongle, Jianzhou Wei ordered Shi Jiannu to be in charge of the affairs of the capital, giving him the name: Shi Jiannu, son of Ahachu. Because Li Shu was not published at that time, it was not arbitrarily deleted by the official of Siku. We can make a comparative study according to the records in Shantang Bieji and Qingguoque. In this respect, I dream that this book has made a positive contribution to the study of national history and late Ming history. In addition, the book "Lack of the State" recorded the history of the late Ming Dynasty in detail, especially the history of more than 70 years after Wanli, which occupied a great space. There are six volumes in the book, and the history after Wanli accounts for two volumes. There is no record of Chongzhen Dynasty. As the memory of Ming Dynasty adherents and Chongzhen, Tan Qian supplemented this history according to the data of Guan Gong Daily. In his book, he constantly called Chongzhen Emperor of Light, but made no secret of his absence. For example, he commented on Chongzhen: the problem of the first emperor was good but not real. He felt pain when he loved the people, but he refused his name when he said it. His name is powerful and suitable for the market; From the beginning to the end, it depends on no one in court. It is better to choose Yin, sacrifice yourself, call names without cowardice, and stand with Jie, Zhou, Qin, Sui, Ping, Xian, Gong and Zhao and talk to them every day. It can be described as a penetrating theory. At the same time, the activities of the peasant army in Beijing are also reflected. For example, on April 15, Shen Jia recorded that the peasant army drove officials out of the city and stopped entering the city. Every few hundred people, everyone is holding a big stick. At the beginning of guarding the city, the inner official sat on the city, and the foot soldiers made poplar sticks and painted them with Zhu to drive away the eunuchs. Everyone told them to be quick. In addition, when it comes to the situation of farmers, the army robbed Ming officials who were in Beijing at that time. Guo Que wrote: After graduating from Liu Zongmin University, more than 300 people were robbed, which was very tragic. Let it go. There are more than a thousand people in front of you. Xiahou _' s salary in Fujian, Shanxi and Summer is tens of millions, but Ber Ber, the viceroy, is less than half of them. The death of Xiahou _ in the Ming Dynasty made Tan Qian unable to cope. I don't want to see the historical extinction of this country, but I also visited the bunker and continued to write the history of Chongzhen and Hong Guang dynasties. This is not only a commemoration of history, but also shows the indignation of his adherents in Jiangzuo towards national subjugation and patriotic enthusiasm for remembering the motherland. The greatest feature of his editing style is that he often quotes various schools and comments on some historical events, sometimes including his own comments. For example, he has a negative attitude towards the emperor's statement.

Another book is about disaster superstition, as he pointed out in "Examples of Justice": The details are hard to tell! This undoubtedly belongs to the category of dross. Nevertheless, state monopoly is still an indispensable historical record in the study of Ming history and has high historical value. Besides Guo Que, Tan Qian's works include Shi Minglu, Guo Que Nine Volumes, Guo Que Twelve Volumes, Shi Minglu Three Volumes, Shi Ming Two Volumes and Tai Chang Four Records Two Volumes. Bills are calculated according to the Ming history. Press siku quanshu. Tan Qian: National Que

National Que Zhang Zongxiang: National Que Huang Zongxi: Ming History. Zhu Yizun: State monopoly

The country lacks Yu Ying's easy order

National regulations. Attending Huang Zongxi: Guo Que. Yi Xu, Yu Ying. Tan Qian: State monopoly. Volume 13, page 9 18. Room 72, brothel, volume 13, page 924. Volume 15, page 1050. Wu Han: Personal records, including death essays. Volume, page 6058. Volume 10 1 Page 606 1. Volume 10 1, page 6070. Volume 6093. Volume 12, page 838. Volume 17.