Mr. Lu Xun's only collection of essays, Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening, was first published in the semi-monthly magazine Mangyuan, with the theme of "Remembering the Past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript". 1928 September was renamed "Morning Flowers". It is listed as one of the unnamed new collections compiled by the author. Reprinted in February, 1929. The third edition was adapted and published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore on September 1932. The cover of this book was painted by Tao. * * * Flowers in the Morning contains ten works, including: dogs and cats who hate cats. I miss my eldest mother and mourn her misfortune. I am angry at her indisputable "A Changyu". Criticize the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue tells the story of childhood; Expose the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong and Kong Yiji, a fellow countryman friend who has been down and out all his life, closely combined memories of the past with real life, which fully showed the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society. These ten essays are "Notes of Memories" (preface to selected works of three leisure collections), which completely record Lu Xun's life track and experience from childhood to youth. It is an important artistic document to study Lu Xun's early thoughts, life and society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose. Many of them have been included in junior high school textbooks, such as "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", which shows that it plays a very important role in education. When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. +0926 after the "318" tragedy in 2008. Lu Xun wrote "In Memory of Liu Hezhen Jun" and other articles, angrily denounced the reactionary * * * * behavior, was persecuted by the reactionary * * *, and had to lead a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite his hard life, he also wrote a lot of prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Club of Cabin Five and Impermanence. Dogs, cats, rats and Achanghe, created under the east wall of Beijing apartment, were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Picking Up in the Evening". In September 1926, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of various intellectuals here. Lu Xun mercilessly attacked Xiamen University. Although he doesn't like Xiamen University, he devotes himself to his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching, Lu Xun wrote many works in the library building of Xiamen University, including five essays, from Baicaoyuan to Santan Yinyue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five compositions are different from those written in Beijing.
2. Literary common sense of "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks"
Author: Lu Xun Publishing House: People's Literature Publishing House. Publication date: 2006- 12- 1 words: 79,000 pages: 1 16 format: 32 sheets: offset paper I SB N: 978702005272 packing: paperback. & gt literature >> China's modern and contemporary essay "Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child.
Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life. Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child.
Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feeling of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and the pity of children in old China.
"Wucang Club"-Wucang Club is a meeting with God and a festival in my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword.
It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature. Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick.
When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time. From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue —— Describing the fun of being at home in Baicaoyuan and the boring life of studying in Sanyan Yinyue when I was a child, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interests in life and feudal library education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.
"Father's illness"-quack doctors in rivers and lakes killed his father, has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
Note-In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing to study in Nanjing. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School.
The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth. "Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature.
The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino. "Fan Ainong"-traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after returning home, describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark old society before the revolution, his pursuit of the revolution, and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911, showing his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.
Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936) was a writer, thinker and revolutionary on the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (18865438+September 25th). Formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, the word Yucai, later renamed Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Born in the mouth of Dongchangfang, Huiji County (now Shaoxing City), Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. Born in a shabby scholar-bureaucrat family.
Lu Xun was his pen name when he 19 18 published Diary of a Madman. Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing to study abroad, and 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. After that, the painful and numb national spirit was more important than curing physical diseases, so he turned to advocate the literary movement.
1909, after returning to China, he taught in middle schools, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 18 participated in the editing of New Youth and published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in New Youth. Later, he published Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q and other famous novels, wrote a lot of essays and essays, criticized old ideas and old morality, and became an advocate of new culture.
1923, the first novel collection "Scream" was published, which became the foundation stone of China's new literature. Lu Xun also made outstanding achievements in translating foreign literature and sorting out ancient books in China.
1898 went to Nanjing to study. He entered Jiangnan Naval Academy first, and was admitted to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi College the following year. During this period, I came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the western bourgeoisie.
1902 went to Japan to study and entered Hongwen College in Tokyo. 1904 went to Sendai medical college to study medicine. Later, because two things happened there had a great influence on him, he gave up medical research.
"Flowers in the Morning" is the only collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun, which has always received rave reviews. The author said that these articles were "copied from memory" and "recalled".
This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen.
At first, it was published in the semi-monthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "recalling the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript", and renamed it "Morning Flowers" when it was published in September 1928.
It was published by Beijing Weiming Society in September of 1928 and listed as one of the "unknown new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929.
Nineteen.
3. Literary common sense of "morning flowers and evening flowers"
A brief introduction to Morning Flowers and Evening Picks;
This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. initial
The general topic of "reviving the past" was published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan. 1July, 927, Lu Xun re-edited in Guangzhou.
He also added "introduction" and "postscript" and renamed it "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks", which was first published by Beijing Weiming Society in September 1928, and the author listed it.
One of the "unnamed new collections". 1reprinted in February, 929. 1September, 932, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore.
The cover of this book was painted by Tao.
These ten essays are Memories (preface to three idle collections), which completely record Lu Xun's childhood.
The life track and experience from youth vividly depicts the life picture in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which is a study of Lu Xun's early thoughts and life.
To the important artistic documents of the society at that time. These chapters are profound and meaningful, and they are classics in China's modern prose.
Regarding the translation of this book, Lu Xun said in a letter to Masuda on1April, 934 1 1 day: "If there is a publishing place of" Morning Flowers and Late Picks ",
Translation is ok, but there are too many customs and trifles in China, so it is difficult to understand without many notes, and it is boring to read with too many notes?
In his letter to Masuda on February 2nd 1934/KLOC-0, Lu Xun mentioned that Masuda and Haruko Sato jointly translated Selected Works of Lu Xun and said, "Only.
There is an article "Mr. Fujino", please translate and supplement it. Fan Ainong's writing is poor, so it is better to give up what you love. "
From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", Mr. Fujino, Fan Ainong and other articles in the book were selected into middle school Chinese textbooks.
4. Common sense of literature.
1. The author of Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening is Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren? Cai Yu, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, is a great modern writer, thinker and revolutionary in China.
2. "Morning Flowers and Night Picking Up", formerly known as "Remembering the Past", is a collection of commemorative essays written by Mr. Lu Xun in 1926.
3. In Flowers in the Morning, the author narrates in the first person.
4. * * * contains ten articles, of which the first two were written under the east wall of Beijing apartment, three were written in exile, and the last three were written upstairs in Xiamen University Library.
5. The article "Mr. Fujino" in "Flowers in the Morning" describes the author's study life when he was studying in Japan, and describes several fragments of his acquaintance, getting along and parting with Mr. Fujino, which shows an important turning point in his life when he abandoned medicine and became a writer in Sendai Medical College.
6. In "Twenty-four filial piety pictures of morning flowers", Lu Xun analyzed the filial piety stories such as "sleeping on ice for carp", "Lao Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", revealing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety.
Baidu encyclopedia-early flowers and late flowers
5. Common sense of literature.
1. The author of Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening is Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren? Cai Yu, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, is a great modern writer, thinker and revolutionary in China.
2. "Morning Flowers and Night Picking Up", formerly known as "Remembering the Past", is a collection of commemorative essays written by Mr. Lu Xun in 1926. 3. In Flowers in the Morning, the author narrates in the first person.
4. * * * contains ten articles, of which the first two were written under the east wall of Beijing apartment, three were written in exile, and the last three were written upstairs in Xiamen University Library. 5. The article "Mr. Fujino" in "Flowers in the Morning" describes the author's study life when he was studying in Japan, and describes several fragments of his acquaintance, getting along and parting with Mr. Fujino, which shows an important turning point in his life when he abandoned medicine and became a writer in Sendai Medical College.
6. In "Twenty-four filial piety pictures of morning flowers", Lu Xun analyzed the filial piety stories such as "sleeping on ice for carp", "Lao Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", revealing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. Baidu encyclopedia-early flowers and late flowers.
6. Spend early and pick late knowledge list
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening, originally named "Remembering the Time Past", is a collection of essays by modern writer Lu Xun, including 10 reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun in 1926 and published by Beijing Weiming Society in 1928.
main content
Lu Xun, the author of Flowers in the Morning, vividly described a group of his life experiences from rural areas to towns, from family to society, and from home to abroad by using the method of narration and discussion, expressing his nostalgia for his relatives, friends and teachers in the past, and at the same time mocking and attacking the old forces and culture.
Introduce by chapter
⑴ Dog, Cat and Mouse describes the reasons why the author hates cats, and satirizes people who are similar to cats in life with the type of "cat".
⑵ A Chang and Shan Hai Jing describes the childhood of the author and A Chang and expresses her nostalgia.
⑶ The Twenty-four Filial Piety Map shows the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories: "Lao Lai entertains his relatives" and "Guo Ju buries his son", exposes the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety, and reveals the poverty and misery of children in old China.
Flowers bloom and flowers fall in the morning (10) (4) The Five Harbor Club describes the fetters and devastation of feudal system on children's nature with the background of catching up with the meeting.
5] Impermanence expresses China people's despair of the dark society and indignation at the injustice of the world by describing the incident of impermanence saving lives and being beaten.
[6] From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, the author described the fun of his childhood in Baicaoyuan and the strict but uninteresting life in San Tan Yin Yue, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interest and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature.
The former "Father's Disease" mainly recalled the scene that his father was ill and delayed treatment when he was a child, described the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" in medical practice, and revealed the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
YanTaitai, who was remembered by Xiaozi Notes as being nice to the children next door on the surface, was actually very bad behind her back and described her as a selfish, treacherous and evil woman.
Mr. Fujino recorded the author's study life during his study in Japan and the reasons why he decided to give up medicine and join literature, and expressed his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.
⑽ Fan Ainong describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the old society before the revolution, his pursuit of the revolution, and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911, which shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.
7. Get the key content in the morning and evening (detailed)
Summary of each article: (1) Dog, Cat and Mouse describes the reasons why the author hates cats, and satirizes people who are similar to cats in life with the type of "cat".
⑵ A Chang and Shan Hai Jing describes the childhood of the author and A Chang and expresses her nostalgia. ⑶ The Twenty-four Filial Piety Map shows the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories: "Lao Lai entertains his relatives" and "Guo Ju buries his son", exposes the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety, and reveals the poverty and misery of children in old China.
⑷ The Five Tibetan Clubs, with catching up with the meeting as the background, describes the bondage and destruction of feudal system on children's nature. 5] Impermanence expresses China people's despair of the dark society and indignation at the injustice of the world by describing the incident of impermanence saving lives and being beaten.
[6] From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, the author described the fun of his childhood in Baicaoyuan and the strict but uninteresting life in San Tan Yin Yue, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive life interest and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature. The former "Father's Disease" mainly recalled the scene that his father was ill and delayed treatment when he was a child, described the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" in medical practice, and revealed the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
YanTaitai, who was remembered by Xiaozi Notes as being nice to the children next door on the surface, was actually very bad behind her back and described her as a selfish, treacherous and evil woman. Mr. Fujino recorded the author's study life during his study in Japan and the reasons why he decided to give up medicine and join literature, and expressed his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.
⑽ Fan Ainong describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the old society before the revolution, his pursuit of the revolution, and his persecution after the Revolution of 1911, which shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot. The extended material "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up" describes personal life experience and mental journey, cherishes the memory of relatives and teachers and friends, but at the same time goes beyond this, shows the face of China society in a specific historical era, and provides rich and detailed documents.
This is beyond the reach of ordinary reminiscence prose. Because these sketches are only familiar with some so-called personal trifles and children's feelings, which are purely personal ups and downs and emotional waves; The protagonist seems to be in a paradise, unable to see the turbulent times and scattered gunfire outside.
Some prose works are helpful to understand the mentality of some intellectuals in a certain period, but it is difficult to show the overall face of their time, and "Flowers in the Morning" is different. Because of the author's lofty aspirations and broad mind, this makes the work show the close relationship between expressing personal experience and paying attention to national destiny, which not only shows the author's personal footprint but also shows the traces of a historical era.
Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening are a collection of essays with distinctive personality. This is obviously different from the works of many prose writers in the same period.
There is a free and easy style, suitable for the Sui Dynasty. Say what you want, scold what you want, and let all kinds of love, hate, emotions and sorrows in your heart flow naturally in your pen. He closely combined narrative, scenery description, discussion and lyricism, which made the waves at the bottom of the pen show an ever-changing trend.
He constantly innovates in format, so that each work has a different framework. He inherited the simplicity and preciseness of China's ancient prose, and borrowed the agility and interest of western prose. It can be said that he learned from others and used it for me, not for me. But boldly transcend and become a whole.
All these reflect his characteristics as a pioneer of ideological emancipation and a standard-bearer of artistic innovation, and it is precisely because of this that "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up" has become a model of China's modern reminiscence prose. References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Flowers bloom in the morning and gather in the evening.
8. What test sites are there?
Common test sites are as follows:
First, the characters.
1. The four main characters in Morning Flowers are the author's nanny, teacher, friend and father.
2, the big mother-there is ignorance and superstition, but there is a simple and kind love that the author will never forget. From The Longevity Mother, we can see Lu Xun's feelings for the working people at the bottom: he not only exposed their ignorance and numbness, but also praised their beauty and kindness.
3. Mr. Fujino, a foreign medical professor, is awe-inspiring for his simple and great personality because he shows an equal attitude towards others and cares about the learning of people in weak countries. Everything he does is ordinary. If you don't imagine Lu Xun's situation at that time, it is difficult to feel the greatness of this teacher.
4. Fan Ainong, an awakened intellectual, can't stand in the dark society. He can't compromise with this society like a madman, nor can he forget it like Mr. N, so his heart is painful and sad. Like Lu Xun, we suspect that he committed suicide.
5. Father-My father once puzzled Lu Xun when he was a child, because he was ordered to endorse when he was going to see the Wucang Fair happily. However, Lu Xun never accused his father. What he repented was that he didn't let his father die quietly, which made his mind restless and miserable forever. We felt the deep love of Lu Xun.
Second, artistic techniques.
1, narrative, description, lyricism and discussion are organically integrated, full of poetry and painting. For example, describing the scenery of the Herb Garden is fascinating.
2. In the deep memory of the past, the author can't forget the reality and insert some "essays" (that is, comment on the reality) from time to time, showing Mr. Lu Xun's true and rich inner world. Such as "cat? Dogs? The article "Mouse" not only has the author's deep memories of a cute little hidden mouse in his childhood, but also vividly tells the folk story told by his grandmother, and also reveals the true colors of gentlemen who look like cats in reality.
He is good at absorbing the small details in life, seeing the big from the small, writing the charm of characters and the essence of events. For example, impermanence, starting from the fact that impermanence also has a wife and children, not only writes the characteristics of impermanence full of human feelings, but also cleverly satirizes those hypocritical intellectuals in life.
Third, the key content
1. The author mentioned in his notes that his favorite book is Evolution.
2. Lu Xun first learned about Huxley, came into contact with Natural Selection, and the thought of Socrates was in the School of Mine Road. This experience is mentioned in the Notes.
3. In Flowers in the Morning, Mr. Lu Xun said that childhood life often has memories of meeting immortals and watching plays, such as impermanence and Wucanghui.
4. Lu Xun satirizes life with ghosts and gods, satirizes the world with the underworld, and satirizes "gentlemen" incisively. The article is impermanent
Mr Fujino describes the author's life as a medical student in Sendai, Japan. The anonymous letter incident and the movie (slide show) incident made him feel the humiliation of being a small and weak nation, and at the same time saw the numbness of the Chinese people, which made him think of abandoning medicine and joining the literature. Abandoning medicine for literature is a decisive turning point in Lu Xun's life.
Extended data
The theme of "morning flowers pick up in the evening";
Ten essays, Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening, outline a variety of social lifestyles from the late Qing Dynasty to the Revolution of 1911, namely, the world picture and genre painting. Although it is a retrospective essay, it is realistic and thoughtful, which contains the author's deep thinking about history and persistent attitude towards reality. Its ideological content focuses on the following aspects:
He has a strong anti-feudal thought and a critical consciousness of feudal education, feudal morality and feudal die-hards.
The Twenty-four Filial Piety Map reveals the hypocrisy, ugliness and cruelty of feudal filial piety.
From "Hundred Herbs Garden" to "San Tan Yin Yue", Wu Canghui lashed out at the feudal educational system, educational content and educational methods that bound, suppressed and destroyed children's lively and lovely nature.
The article impermanence uses the satirical brushwork of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio to expose that there is no fair referee in the world and ridicule those "gentlemen" who are under the banner of justice.
"Father's Disease" strongly denounces quacks who extort money and ignore human life;
Miscellaneous Notes describes the "malodorous smoke" in the study of Westernization.
"Mr. Fujino" vividly outlines the ignorance of students in the Qing Dynasty.