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Zhu Moulong Y and n (1584 ~ 1628), the imperial clan of the late Ming Dynasty, were generals, calligraphers and writers who served the country, boasting that Dong Qichang's landscape trees and stones were the first in the Ming Dynasty, saying that his paintings were "full of smoke and pride, all in Confucianism."
Dong Qichang (1555 ~ 1636), a native of Huating, Songjiang (present-day Shanghai), was a painter and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Wanli, he was a scholar, awarded the editing of the Hanlin Academy, and was appointed to the Nanjing Ritual Department.
Dong Qichang is good at painting landscape paintings, learning from Dong Yuan, Huang and Ni Zan, and his brushwork is delicate and neutral, quiet and sparse; Clean and bright with ink fragrance, gentle and plain; Green, simple and generous. He is an outstanding representative of Huating School of Painting and has the beauty of "Yan Gu Zhao Zi". Existing works include Rock House Map, Eight Scenes in Autumn, Zhou Jintang Map, Bai Juyi's Pipa Journey, Poems in Cursive Script, Jiang Yanhe's Picture Postscript, etc. Painting and painting theory had a great influence on painting circles in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Calligraphy in and out of Jin and Tang Dynasties, with its own style, works "Xihongtang Post" (engraved post). He is quite talented in poetry and prose, and has written Essays on Painting Zen Rooms, Collected Works of Rong Tai, etc.
In retrospect, from 20 19 1 1 to February 2022, three19 works by eight Ming and Qing painters including Shen Zhou, Lan Ying, Hong Ren, Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Yi, Wang and Dong Qichang were completed, which lasted two years and four months.
Some friends will ask, why force yourself to copy the works of famous artists and sort out the words related to their works afterwards? No one will take it seriously! Is it worth the effort?
In the eyes of ordinary people, it is not easy to copy in large quantities, and it is meaningless to complete the corresponding text sorting. From a rational point of view, these plans are just a continuation of the habit of writing reading notes.
After reading a book, I will sort out the summary of the book, write down the author's time, content chapter, version circulation and my own comments, or write some thoughts at will, so as to read a book completely. Often, after reading a valuable book, I wrote a short essay or a poem or lyrics with ideological context.
A Qing Li Ciming's Diary of a Full Moon is mostly reading notes, which has high academic value and reference significance.
Wu Changshuo (Jun Qing), a modern painter in the late Qing Dynasty, is knowledgeable, good at writing articles and unique in calligraphy and seal cutting. His flowers are vigorous and powerful, with both form and spirit, and his paintings and calligraphy are engraved in a furnace, which also features the word "Tong". Although he said that he "learned painting at the age of 50" and started painting very late, in fact, he has a profound literary foundation, exquisite calligraphy and excellent seal cutting, and moved his accomplishments to painting. "Learning to paint at the age of 50" is just a self-deprecating remark, thinking that what I did before is beyond words.
"Reading focuses on perseverance, knowledge is accumulated, and learning is inseparable from memory. If you forget after reading it, it means that you haven't read it, so the power of your back can't be wasted at any time. Song Gongcheng, for example, is famous for his extensive reading and accurate recitation, and is even called a bookcase with feet by the villagers. It can be seen that he is very diligent and has a deep kung fu. Some old scholars engaged in literature, history and philosophy in modern times are well versed in ancient and modern times and can answer questions. However, people's life time and energy are limited, and it is difficult to understand the vast amount of ancient and modern works, that is, their own professional scope. Therefore, it is necessary for everyone to use reference books to make up for the lack of rote learning and common sense. "
"Some famous writers, aware that they only write all day, rarely read books, gradually feel that the subject matter is poor and the inspiration is not coming, just like passive water, which is about to dry up. They put forward the slogan that' writers are scholars' and advocate that writers should study in a planned way, enrich their knowledge, learn from them and improve their creative level. Some old painters have similar feelings through years of practice. They found that their lack of knowledge led to great defects in painting. They can't achieve the natural combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting, and the integration of literature and art like ancient painters. The main reason is that they don't study. So I called on my friends to study together and make up lessons together; Educate the younger generation and pay attention to the unity of learning and art "(Liu's" Chinese Culture Cultivation ")
Recently I heard a friend talk about a 66-year-old university professor. In the six years after retirement, he read more than 2,000 books, almost one book a day. Sensible also tried to read a book every three days for a year. He wanted to describe his daily state by forgetting to eat and sleep.
The purpose of reading is to absorb. On the one hand, broaden your horizons and enrich your knowledge; On the one hand, cultivate eyesight and improve the level of identifying good or bad works; And this is just to exercise writing ability and lay a good foundation for improving writing ability. According to their own needs, choose representative good books to read, with a view to "opening books is beneficial", and reading a book means receiving a book.
In addition to the internal expansion of their own work or professional scope, most people also attach importance to reading books other than their majors, that is, the outward expansion of reading. For example, Tang poetry, Song poetry, drama, essays, biographies and so on. Preferred by rational individuals, because of their Chinese characters, it can be cited as circumstantial evidence of practicing Chinese characters, with rich and varied contents, which is refreshing. In their spare time, they can change their thinking and activate their thinking, so as to learn from each other and promote their understanding and continuous updating of knowledge.
We don't have to be the "bookcase with feet" of that township population, but when we read an article, such as Zhu Ziqing's Appreciation of Elegance and Custom, it mentioned: "People need to say' picturesque' when they see beautiful landscapes; Seeing the goodness of Dan Qing is' realism'. " It's about the description of Qing Dynasty painter Wang Jian in the Postscript Painting of Ranxiang Temple. In his mind, he will think of Wang Jian's series of works he once enjoyed, as well as his background, painting style, who he studied with, the context of relevant figures and so on. And Zhu Ziqing mentioned in the postscript of a painting by Wang Shimin, a painter in the Qing Dynasty: "The stone valley is full of snow, the cold forest is all plain, and the river village is sparse, all of which are true. Wang Chuan refers to Wang Wei, and "as true as nature" refers to a realm like nature, and the so-called "handy, accessible".
We should read more books about painting, poetry and prose. With the accumulation of more and more knowledge, all kinds of information will come to us and appeal to imagination to show the perfect multi-dimension of art and nature, instead of rigid text display and line and graphic description. Then "vivid charm" is not only understood as one of the six painting methods listed by Xie Hezhu, a painter of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. It is easy to accept.
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Learning painting is a gradual process. You should have extensive knowledge of literature and history, master the theoretical knowledge of painting and calligraphy, and understand the basic creative methods and processes of painting. Copying and creating paintings by yourself is more conducive to the understanding and understanding of the formation and change of painter's style. These methods have been proved to be effective by history and practice.
From the end of August, 20021year to the end of February, 2022, it took six months to rationally copy 40 works of Dong Qichang landscape album, including the original painting size and collection:
(1) Antique Landscape Album, ten volumes 10, 56.2×35.2cm, Nielsen Art Collection, USA.
(2) Ten volumes of antique landscape books are collected in Tianjin Museum (10, 24.3× 17.3cm).
(3) Eight Atlas of Ancient Scenery, 26.3×25.5cm, collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing.
(4) Antique Landscape Poetry Album with 8 volumes and 6 paintings, 32. 1×23.2cm, collected by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA.
(5) Tianjin Museum has six volumes of antique landscape poems, 27.1×19.3cm..
(The copy collection link is here. Click the blue word to see ... 1-20 copies of landscape books and 2 1-40 copies of landscape books.)
After copying Dong Qichang's works, she collected and read his related books and materials, and considered buying some new books on calligraphy and painting as a supplement. According to the book The First Volume of the Palace Museum of Painting and Calligraphy, the Ming Dynasty is an important stage in the history of China's painting and calligraphy, which is a link between the past and the future.
In the early Ming Dynasty, Dai Jin, Lin Liang and others dominated the painting world with their bold and unconstrained "Zhejiang School" and "Academy Style" styles.
After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Wumen (Suzhou) became the center of painting and calligraphy creation, and the "Four Wumen" (Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying) replaced the magnificent "courtyard painting" in the court with elegant and simple literati painting style, while Chen Chun and Xu Wei's innovation in freehand brushwork of flowers and birds enriched the expression form and pen and ink connotation of painting;
At the end of Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang perfected the theory of painting and calligraphy creation, and became a master of literati painting and calligraphy, which had a wide influence on that time and Qing Dynasty. At the same time, Zhao Zuo of Songjiang School, Lan Ying and Chen Hongshou of Shen Hehang School were all outstanding people at that time, each with his own style, which added a touch of bright color to the painting world in the social unrest in the late Ming Dynasty.
Dong Qichang's calligraphy works, such as Tang Poetry, Running Script Poetry, Jiaxuan Landscape Painting, Gao Yi Painting, Lin Biao Mio Ink Painting, etc., are collected in the Palace Museum.
This "Jiaxuan Landscape" is a horizontal landscape of mountains, and its brushwork is solid and straight. Although it is mostly rendered with wet pen and thick ink, it has distinct layers and a sense of elegance and elegance. It was written by Dong Qichang at the age of 72, and Jia Xuan was Qu (1590 ~ 1650), which was famous in the late Ming Dynasty.
This "Gao Yi Tu" was made by Dong Qichang at the age of 62. Ni Zan's painting method is adopted, and the brushwork is mostly dry and light, and the brushwork is mainly lateral peak. His brushwork is simple and elegant, which perfectly shows the artistic conception of junior three in Ni's paintings, and also reflects the author's bleak mood after the disaster in his later years.
Among Dong Qichang's works, Cuixiu Feng Dan Painting Axis and Rain Mural Axis are collected in the Palace Museum.
"Castle Peak and White Cloud Axis" and "Summer Tree Hanging Shade Axis", collected by Guangdong Provincial Museum;
Landscape Axis of Ink and Wash, Landscape Map of Autumn Mountain, Atlas of Eight Scenery in autumn scenery, and Axis of Yangshan City, collected by Shanghai Museum;
"Qifeng Baiyun Axis" and "Chunguang Yunying Axis", collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
(To be continued ...)
On March 25th, 2022, Reason was in Beijing.