Etiquette fashion in song dynasty
At first, people still sat on the floor. Everyone sitting will bend their feet? It didn't rise until the end of the Southern Dynasties? Lame bed hanging feet? That is, sitting on the edge of the bed with your feet down. At that time, the nobles sat alone in a bed, and the guests and friends sat together in a bed. The custom of sitting on the bed was introduced by the conference semifinals in the western regions. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Hu Chuang was widely used. In the Song Dynasty, rich and powerful people not only had to live in their own rooms, but also had to be accompanied by attendants who carried Hu beds during temporary breaks. This kind of Hu bed already had the shape and function of a stool, but it didn't exist at that time? Bench? This title, people still used to call it? Hu Chuang? . After the Song Dynasty, the use of stools gradually increased, and the names of stools were widely used, and they were separated from the categories of beds and became stools independently. In addition, it was common for men to sit on benches and chairs in Song Dynasty, but it was amazing for women to sit on benches and chairs. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said in Notes on the Old Learning Temple:? In the past, when women in the scholar-bureaucrat family sat on chairs and badminton, everyone laughed at their excessive behavior. ? There are many kinds of stools in Song Dynasty, such as square, rectangle and circle.
In the Song Dynasty, people at a lower level who saw or looked down on their superiors all bowed or crossed their hands as gifts. On the other hand, women can't bow their heads. Essence men's wear series? During the ceremony, kneel down and put down your hands. ? Bow down? That is, kneel down and put your hands on the ground, which is a relatively heavy etiquette. The widower hangs his head to the ground and should take off all his jewelry at this time. Zhu proposed? Starving to death is a small matter, but dishonor is a big matter? He used to put wood on the soles of women's shoes to make their actions sound and easy to detect, so as to prevent elopement.
The blind date and engagement of Song people are mainly from the man's house to the woman's house. If the woman, then? Put a hairpin in the crown? , call it? Insert a hairpin? If not, then? Leave a color band at both ends to scare them. Is this a disharmonious kiss? .
Folk Wedding Etiquette in Song Dynasty
In ancient times, the marriageable age changed greatly. In the pre-Qin period, there were many late marriages. Zhou Li stipulates that men get married at the age of 30 and women get married at the age of 20. This is obviously the ideal age for marriage. In other words, it is in line with today's scientific truth for young men and women to get married after their physical development is sound.
In Tang and Song Dynasties, the age of marriage was male 16 years old and female 14 years old. This is of course the legal age for marriage. According to Confucius' family stories and service classics, what does Wang Su think? Sixteen men can marry and fourteen women can marry? . Sima Guang also said:? Men are proficient at sixteen, and women are proficient at fourteen. They can make a living. ?
This kind of marriage age, Song people think it is ok, not earlier. Yuan Cai once criticized the phenomenon of talking about marriage at an early age. He said:? Men and women should not talk about marriage at an early age. Generally speaking, women want to be entrusted and men want to get married. If we judge the present, we will regret it later. Wealth rises and falls, and changes are not frequent. Whether men and women are virtuous or not must be old-fashioned. If we discuss marriage earlier, nothing will change, and it will be good. Or rich and poor in the past, or expensive and cheap in the past, or the husband discussed is a rogue, or the woman discussed is heartless; It is difficult to protect one's family from his previous appointment, but it is thoughtless to break his previous appointment. And the dispute arises from this, don't quit! ?
Is the marriage in the Song Dynasty inherited? Parents' orders, matchmaker's words? In principle. Yuan Cai stressed in the Southern Song Dynasty? Get married, when parents choose their spouses? . Before the Tang Dynasty, the words of matchmakers? It is only a requirement of etiquette, which was written into the legal provisions in the Tang Dynasty. "Tang law? Family marriage rules:? Legislation for marriage requires the media. ? Attach great importance to the role of matchmakers in marriage. After the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty also attached great importance to the words of matchmakers, and most of them got married through matchmakers. ? The wedding ceremony is decided by the media first, and then by the contacts of the media. ? As a matchmaker, Yuan Cai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, "Fan Shi? Qin Mu pointed out that the phenomenon of matchmakers cheating for profit in Song Dynasty was more serious than that in Zhou Dynasty. He said:? The ancients called Zhou people (knowledgeable people) evil media and repeated their words. The woman's family said: the man's family has money, and the man's family said: the woman is beautiful. Especially in modern times, I said to the woman's family: the man's family doesn't want gifts, but only helps to get married and send money; The man's family promised him a bribe (dowry) to move, and the number was empty. If you believe him and get married, you will complain, hate bullying, and the husband and wife will turn against each other. As for divorced people, they will. Generally speaking, marriage can't be without a matchmaker, and the matchmaker's words are not credible. In this way, it is advisable to observe from the beginning. ?
The matchmakers in the Song Dynasty were graded. ? A matchmaker has several grades, such as wearing a hijab and purple back, saying that the official is close to the court. Medium wearing a crown, a yellow bun, a back, or just a skirt, holding a parasol, two people walk together. ?
The marriage negotiation stage is divided into three steps: posting questions, replying and dating.
Engagement is the stage when men and women are formally engaged and marriage begins to be established.
There are three steps for the appointee and three steps for the merger. ? After the recruitment and delivery, don't send the bill? Until that kiss.
Kissing, that is, the etiquette that the man goes to the woman's house to greet the bride and return on the day of the wedding, can be subdivided into the following steps:
The first step is to send the makeup promotion gift to the woman's home three days before the wedding, which is the signal of the wedding. In ancient times, it was called invitation, and in Song Dynasty, it was called makeup promotion.
These gifts are wedding dresses and powder, such as flower bun, gold hijab, flower fans for five men and two women, and pollen boxes. After the bride's family received gifts, the gifts included gold and silver, wallow, green robe, boots and so on.
The second step is to say hello to the woman who paved the house the day before, send the furniture of the new house to the man's house to hang curtains, lay the bedroom, properly decorate the new house and help them get married and start a family. When you get married, you must use a new bed, and you must invite the blessed people to share the same bed and make up for it for a hundred years. What is this etiquette called? Shopping? .
Step 3: On the wedding day, the man's family sent a wedding team, and the groom led the team to the woman's house to marry the bride. This team must be composed of trumpeters and official prostitutes.
The fourth step, the bride got off the sedan chair and entered the man's house. The wedding team returned to the man's house and the whole wedding officially reached its climax. The order of the ceremony is quite complicated. The bride got off the sedan chair at the man's house and couldn't walk in at once. She has to perform three small ceremonies: one is a music official, a prostitute, a sedan chair and an advocate. Close the door. Please. Money and goods for profit? This kind? Close the door. There are also certain procedures and ceremonies.
The fifth step is to lead the bride into the room with a rich prostitute and sit on the bed. Generally, the man sits on the right side of the bed and the bride sits on the left. It's called. Sit rich? . According to "Dream of Liang Lu", when the bride was introduced, a new satin was hung on her forehead in advance, and the wedding said? All hands struggle to tear off a small piece and call it a cloud? The market pays the door? And fight for money? . What's the name of Tokyo Dream Record? Shi lifu's door is red? .
The sixth step is to hold a meeting ceremony in the nave, which is the most important gift in the wedding. The emcee invited the bride and groom out of the bridal chamber and held it in the nave. The ceremony was like this: the husband invited the bride out before the bed, and the two families made satin and merged into one, called silk scarves; The man hangs on the water (carrying a sword) and the woman wears it on her hand; Men walk backwards, face to face. ? First, a man and a woman get married, then pick up the hijab with a scale or loom, let them show their beauty and walk to the front of the hall, and then hold activities such as visiting their parents and family temples. Say goodbye and come out. Rub the woman back, hold the knot of empathy, lead the groom back to the bridal chamber, pay homage, and then sit on the bed, with the woman on the left and the man on the right. Ritual officials use gold and silver plates to hold gold and silver money, lottery gold and miscellaneous fruits, which is called? Share the bill? Gift. This is also to celebrate Geely.
Step 7: Tie the bun. After tying the knot, the woman will hold two cups and give them to the bride and groom respectively. They will tie red hearts and green hearts at the bottom of the cup to make a gift, that is, exchange cups to drink, sometimes called cheers. After drinking, throw a lamp and crown it on the bed. When the lamp is lifted and closed, what's the matter? And then all the congratulations.
After the couple completes the wedding, there are ceremonies such as worshipping the door and three dynasties.
First, according to the Tokyo Dream Record, at five o'clock the next day, a table was used to put a mirror on it, which was called the bride's visit to the church. The second time I visited my elders and relatives, I skillfully made shoes and pillows with colorful satin. That's what I called them? Congratulations? The elder was on horseback. What do you call it? Answer congratulations? . I'll call my husband's house? Worship the door? .
Second, the three dynasties ceremony "Tokyo Dream of China Record" recorded the custom of Bianjing, which became the third day after the wedding. The woman's family sends colored satin, oil honey and steamed cakes, which are called honey steamed cakes, and the family members come to meet. What is it called? Warm girl. According to records:? A married woman in the world delivers meals in three days, commonly known as a warm woman, which means tenderness. ? The customs and habits of Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty were slightly different. ? The woman's family sent tiara flowers, colored satin and goose eggs, filled them with oil and honey in a gold and silver jar, put them on a plate, spread butyl rubber around them, and sent them to her husband's family with tea, cakes, geese, sheep and fruits. Give three dynasties gifts? Yes ? Will the husband go to the woman's house again after seven or nine days of marriage? Worship the door? In China, the bride's family holds a banquet in honor of her new husband, which is called. Carol? . After the ceremony, the daughter-in-law advocated sending her husband back to the mansion.