Guo Que, a native of Bianliang (now Kaifeng), was born in Zaolin, Haining, Zhejiang. With the Song Dynasty, he traveled to the south and settled in Yan Guan Village. Since then, the river sand has collapsed and moved to the west of Maqiao Ma Jing Port (now Maqiao in Haining). He lived in this era of national ruin and death. Under this historical background, he was also a historian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Formerly known as Yi Xun, the word Zhongmou, the number shot father, Maqiao people. Ming Zhu Sheng. After Ming Taizu's death, he changed his name to move, and his real name was Guan Ruo. Renaming "Qian" means entrusting a situation to history and to oneself. Of course, it may also mean pursuing the great historian Sima Qian. I studied hard since I was a child, my family was poor, and I never became an official. I make a living by writing, ghostwriting or being a secretary. In today's words, he is a person who really devoted himself to academics, taught himself, and then wrote history in private.
What is state monopoly?
Guoque is a chronological history book that records the history of the Ming Dynasty. Author: Tan Qian (1594—1658). In view of the monopoly of historical records in Ming Dynasty by historians, inaccuracy is taboo in many places, and all kinds of chronicles are superficial and rough, Tan Qian searched for information in many ways, solicited information extensively, and made every effort to collect information. Written in the first year of the apocalypse (162 1), the first draft was completed six years later. It is said that this book "six drafts, merged into a hundred volumes." In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), the whole manuscript was stolen and rewritten in anger. In the tenth year of Shunzhi, at the invitation of Zhu, editor-in-chief and editor-in-chief of the Academy, he went to Beijing with a manuscript, visited the old people of the former dynasty, the royal family, eunuchs and surrender ministers, looked through the case-solving files, revised Guo Que again, compiled the book Guo Que for more than 30 years, and signed it.
disadvantaged
However, some descriptions in the book are too brief, and some events are repeated before and after, with different opinions. In addition, superstitious ideas such as feudal orthodox historical view, Confucian theory of destiny, Buddhism and Taoism are also strongly reflected in the book. Because there were many derogatory remarks about Manchu in the book, it was banned at that time. The manuscript of Guoque weighs 100 volumes, and only the manuscript has survived since Tan Qian's death. After that, it was collected in Haining, Zhejiang Province according to the manuscript of Jiang Yan Fen Caotang and the manuscript of Siming Lushi Bao Tang, and the ten volumes of Chongzhen were proofread and punctuated, with a total of 104 volumes and a total of four volumes at the beginning, * * 108 volumes. 1958 is published in six volumes by Ancient Books Publishing House.
Writing process
In the first year of the apocalypse (162 1), Tan Qian was 28 years old and Tan Qian's mother died. He mourned at home and read a lot of history books of the Ming Dynasty. He felt that there were many mistakes and omissions, so he made a wish to write a true and credible history of the Ming Dynasty, which was in line with the historical facts of the Ming Dynasty. In the following twenty-six years, he carried his luggage for years and walked hundreds of miles. Visiting books and borrowing books everywhere, hungry for pears and dates, reading the household registration in the city and searching for information extensively, it finally took five years to complete the first draft. Later, it was revised one after another. After twenty-six years of unremitting efforts, six drafts were changed, and a masterpiece of 100 volumes and 4 million words was written. Unexpectedly, two years later, in August, 1647, the manuscript was stolen by a thief, and he rewrote it with grief and anger. After four years of hard work, the new draft was finally completed. 1653, at the age of 59, he traveled to Beijing with his second draft. During his two-and-a-half years in Beijing, he visited the Ming dynasty, collected the Ming dynasty's old people, legacy and related historical facts, and made on-the-spot investigations on historical sites, supplemented and revised them. After the book was completed, it was signed "Jiang Zuo's adherents" to express the pain of national subjugation, so as to complete this painstaking masterpiece.