In the pit of Qin terracotta warriors and horses, * * * found seven categories and ten kinds of armored figurines, they are generals, military commanders, cavalry figurines, infantry and crossbowmen, commanders and drivers. According to different arms and services, these terracotta warriors and horses wear different leather armor shapes.
Terracotta warriors and horses pit
Let's talk about ordinary figurines first. This terracotta warrior wears a crown and leather armor. A bulletproof vest with no shoulder straps and no back, and two shoulder straps are fixed in an X-shaped cross at the back. A back sheet with a belt. The bulletproof vest consists of a large piece of leather on the chest and a small piece of leather in horizontal 17 rows and vertical 10 columns. Among them, there are 9 rows in the upper brigade and 8 rows in the lower brigade, which gradually transition into a cone shape. Tie eight knots on the shoulders and chest back to indicate rank.
General figurines
There are three forms of leather armor worn by officers.
The first kind of military attache figurines. Leather armor has no collar, the edge of the leg of the armor is obviously oval, and the nail piece is woven into a nail shape, with 9 rows of thighs and 3 rows of calves. Close to the cavalry, he must be a junior officer of the cavalry.
The second kind of military attache figurines. Leather armor has a number of shoulders, but the bulletproof vest is short, and it is also woven in the form of binding armor. The contrast shape is close to the infantry armor, and it is speculated that it should be a junior officer of the infantry.
The third kind of military attache figurines. Wearing shoulder-to-shoulder leather armor, the chest is a whole piece of leather. Starting from the belly, the whole leather and the wallet woven by 1 1 rows of small nails are combined into a whole pair of bulletproof vests, and an opening and closing opening is left on the right chest, which is convenient to put on and take off at ordinary times. Judging from the leather armor work and protection area, this should be a middle-ranking officer.
Statue of military officials
Armored infantry and crossbowmen; These two terracotta warriors and horses wear the same leather armor style. Armor is divided into three parts: shoulder and up-and-down stroke, with four rows on the upper stroke and four rows on the lower stroke. Armor is bigger.
Infantry statue
Kneeling crossbowman statue
Cavalry figurines; In order to fight immediately, cavalry figurines wear leather armor without shoulders, five rows of armor constitute the upper brigade, and three rows of armor constitute the lower brigade to protect the chest and abdomen.
Cavalry statue
Chariot figurines and chariot figurines can be divided into two types. The first kind is hand-mounted figurines. The leather armor worn by this figurine has a basin collar, and the whole upper limb is completely covered by one shoulder. There is a horseshoe-shaped deck hand guard at the front of the shoulder, which is the most perfect kind of leather armor of terracotta warriors and horses. The second kind of chariot figurines are left and right chariots with leather belts, which are composed of five rows of armor pieces from the upper brigade and four rows of armor pieces from the lower brigade, and their shapes are similar to those of ordinary infantry.
Hand-controlled figurine
Che Zuo che you figurine
In fact, from the perspective of actual combat, it doesn't make much sense to dwell on the number of armor pieces. The key point is that through the observation of these terracotta figures, we can find that the leather armor of the Qin Dynasty has evolved at four points compared with that of the Zhou Dynasty.
First, rank. Soldiers of different ranks wear different styles of leather armor. The higher the grade, the better the leather armor is made and the larger the protection area. It is easier for soldiers to identify officers for command on the battlefield and strengthen the cohesion of troops.
Second, specialization. It is a valuable experience that Qin Jun summed up from actual combat to distinguish soldiers of different arms according to actual combat needs.
Third, refinement. In order to obtain better flexibility, the leather nail piece shrinks again, weaves more carefully, and becomes stronger and stronger in actual combat. In addition, some leather nails are covered with fabric (it is also said that fabric is covered with armor), which makes the nail pieces not easy to wear off and prolong the service life accordingly.
Fourth; Lightweight, because from the Warring States period, chariots were gradually eliminated, and the way of war changed. The army's requirements for flexibility after armor piercing have been greatly improved. Leather armor is no longer as wide as Zhou dynasty, nor is it worn in a cage like Zhou dynasty. Instead, it is put on the side and then fixed with knots to fit the body and facilitate the activities of officers and men.
The stone rafters in Qin Jun and the iron rafters in Yanxiadu are woven in the same way.
All the above standards were preserved after Qin dynasty, which pointed out the direction for the development of leather armor in the later Han dynasty.
In 22 1 year BC, Qin Jun destroyed six countries. In the past, there was a heated debate in academic circles about whether there was a problem in Qin Jun. This argument ended when the stone tombs in the 1998 Qin tombs (similar to the iron tombs in Xia Yin's capital) were composed of overlapping stones. The view that "Qin Jun has no ambition" may come from the exaggeration of strategists in the Warring States Period. As for why the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Mausoleum don't wear them, the most likely explanation is that the prototype of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses is the imperial army of the Qin Dynasty, which has a certain role of relying on and reviewing, and is exempt from wearing them out of courtesy.
As the saying goes, "reading history can make people wise, and the past does not forget the teacher of the future." However, the role of history may not be as simple as meeting the future. People who read deeply must understand that reading history only gives us greater freedom and initiative to create the future.
Life is not just the present, but also poetry and distance. In Gao's lyric poems, we not only experienced a literary complex, but also pursued inner freedom and feelings. Poetry creates a spiritual utopia for us, while Shi Zhecun makes us more aware of reality. We should not only live in the present, but also live in the future. Follow these classics, follow the footsteps of history, unveil the veil bit by bit, restore the real scene, feel the passage of time, pursue the thoughts of philosophers, explore the spiritual world of mankind bit by bit, and meet smarter yourself day by day.