Original work of Journey to the West
"Journey to the West", also known as "Journey to the West", is one of the four classic Chinese classics and was compiled by the novelist Wu Chengen of the Ming Dynasty. This book describes the legendary adventure story of Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sha protecting Monk Tang from studying in the West and going through eighty-one hardships.
Book title: Journey to the West
Also known as: Journey to the West
Author: Wu Chengen
Category: Classical Romance Novels
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Era: Ming Dynasty
Protagonists: Tang Xuanzang, Sun Wukong, Zhu Wuneng, Sha Wujing
Famous stories: Havoc in the Heavenly Palace, Three Beaten Bone Demons, etc.
Number of chapters: 100 chapters
The book "Journey to the West" is divided into three parts. The first seven chapters are the introductory part of the book. At the same time, Sun Wukong is arranged to appear, explaining his origin, inheritance, abilities, and temperament; On the one hand, Sun Wukong travels through the four realms of heaven, earth, underworld and water, depicts the features of the four realms, and establishes a three-dimensional and four-realm three-dimensional thinking activity space. Chapters 8 to 12 tell the story of the birth of Tang Monk and the death of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, and explain the reasons for going to the West to obtain Buddhist scriptures. Chapters 13 to 100 tell the story of Sun Wukong, White Dragon Horse, Zhu Bajie, and Monk Sha protecting Monk Tang from the West to obtain Buddhist scriptures, subduing demons along the way, going through ninety-nine and eighty-one difficulties, reaching the Western Heaven, obtaining the scriptures, and achieving enlightenment. Using countless expedients, various causes and conditions, metaphors and words, the Buddha's Dharma is profound and profound.
Illustrations of "Journey to the West" (29 photos) The text of "Journey to the West" is mainly in vernacular, with occasional praise and poetry. It mostly uses exaggeration and metaphorical techniques to lay out and parallelize sentence patterns, with sonorous rhythm and sonorous tones. Spoken, suitable for speaking or singing loudly. Pinghua, Tanci, and opera scripts are heavily traced, as if the storyteller or the stage is right in front of you. This kind of language greatly exerts the effect of tone and rhythm on people's psychology and enhances the appeal. , its disadvantage is that the tone of the storyteller is too strong, and it is not easy to use it in life. The vernacular is humorous and interesting, sometimes cunning and cunning, and has a taste of Western regions. It has a large number of praising poems and a lot of gorgeous and extravagant rhetoric, depicting the gorgeous, wealthy, peaceful and free fairyland scenery and demon caves; and portraying vivid and vivid characters. Images of gods, demons, etc. It makes readers' eyes full of jewels, jade and branches, dreamlike and fairyland. These "wonderlands" are not just illusions for Buddhism, they are indeed the scenery that should be seen under the Buddhist governance concept. India does have a relatively stable class of princes and nobles, who have been able to live a relatively healthy and prosperous life for thousands of years. . Buddhism is suitable for city-state systems and can often "benefit" a land! "Journey to the West" is even more philistine. "Journey to the West" contains a large number of adventure plots designed to conquer demons, which are related to the emphasis on "power" and "fearlessness" in Buddhism. The literary style of "Journey to the West" is actually a Buddhist scripture style. Its conception, genre, plot, and expression methods all come from Buddhist scripture stories. Buddhist scripture stories use a lot of fantasy and exaggerated conception methods; Metamorphosis, transformation), magic, changes (earthquakes, ground cracks, fires, etc.), soul separation, sleepwalking, entering the underworld (hell), ascension, traveling to other realms (dragon palace, sea, etc.), etc., more metaphors are used Rhetorical methods. The "Mahayana Sutra" proposes eight kinds of metaphors: "There are eight kinds of metaphors: one is metonymy, the other is metaphor, the third is metaphor, the fourth is non-metaphor, the fifth is metaphor before, the sixth is metaphor after, and the seventh is metaphor before and after. , eight are universal metaphors." Then he explained them with examples. "The Theory of Great Wisdom" also points out that "there are two kinds of metaphors: one is used as a metaphor, and the other is used as a metaphor for real things." These are the so-called "false metaphors" and "real metaphors". The so-called "general metaphors" are particularly commonly used, which are the juxtaposition of multiple metaphors. These are so common in specific works that they are too numerous to list. The Jataka stories of Buddhism are very similar to "Journey to the West". Among the Buddhist translation literature, "Jataka" or "Jataka Tan" is one of the most valuable and popular parts in art. It is called the ancient Indian story. "Collection of Folk Fables" is a collection of allegorical literature in the ancient world that can be called the same as Aesop's fables in Greece. The Mahaparinirvana Sutra written by Tanwu Zhe says: "What is called the Atuaka Sutra (another transliteration of the Jataka Sutra)? The Buddha, the World Honored One, was originally a Bodhisattva who practiced ascetic practices. The so-called bhikkhu should know that I have done so in the past. The bodies of deer, rabbits, rabbits, millet kings, wheel-turning kings, dragons, golden-winged birds, etc., can be received when walking on the path of Bodhisattvas, and they are called "Attaga" in the Jataka. The main body was formed at the same time as the gathering of Buddhist traditions. During the period of Buddhist Buddhism, the concepts of "Three Worlds of Buddhas" and "Seven Buddhas of the Past" were formed, so that the sacred and eternal Buddha had his past lives. To praise the Buddha's past lives, the "Jataka" appeared. The reliefs on the archway of the Sanchi Pagoda built by King Asoka (268 BC - 232 BC) in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh in present-day India contain many stories of Jataka and Buddha. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Dharma Xian traveled west to seek Dharma. In Tianzhu, he went to the place where the Bodhisattva cut meat for pigeons, gave eyes, and sacrificed his body to feed tigers as told in the Jataka story. In the Lion Kingdom (Sri Lanka), he encountered the king's city offering Buddha's tooth. During the ceremony, "the king walked on both sides of the road." "The Bodhisattva has made various manifestations over the past five hundred years: some as a great being, some as a transformation, some as a king of elephants, some as a deer or a horse. These images are all decorated with paintings, and they look like real people." "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" written by Xuanzang also records the popularity of Jataka stories in Wuyin. Hu Shi once said: "The last chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra, "Entering the Dharma Realm," accounts for more than a quarter of the whole book. It describes a talented boy who went to one city after another to seek Dharma services, and met one master after another, but he was perfunctory. This boundless fantasy and this cliché of "chewing maggots" into a novel are the teachers of "Thirty-six Routes to Defeat Xiqi" in "Feng Shen Bang" and "Eighty-one Difficulties" in "Journey to the West".
"Sun Changwu, professor and doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Department of Nankai University, said: "The "Xudaqi Jingshepin" of "The Book of Virtues and Fools" gives a colorful artistic expression to the plot of Shariputra and the six hereditary teachers. Chen Yinke discussed this story, combined it with the struggle between the Buddhist disciple Sariputta and Mulian Lian recorded in Volume 29 of the Zengyi Agama Sutra and Volume 45 of the Great Wisdom Sutra, and pointed out that "the popular novel "Journey to the West" in this world, During the Tang Dynasty, when he was fighting in the state of Sanzang and Chi, he was the same as Shariputra who had surrendered to the Sixth Master. It is also said that the disciples of the Tripitaka, Zhu Bajie, etc., were cautious and intelligent in all matters, and may be similar to Sariputra Moggallana in his efforts.' "
Wu Chengen was discovered by Hu Shi through research: The following information is excerpted from "Research on Hu Shi's Journey to the West" 4. Regarding Wu Chengen's death year: I wrote "Preface to Journey to the West" the year before last, and I didn't know "Journey to the West" yet. Who is the author? We can only say: "The novel "Journey to the West" must have been written after the middle of the Ming Dynasty" and "it was written by an unknown novelist after the middle of the Ming Dynasty." Page 76, quoting Shanyang Ding Yan, said that according to the Huai'an Prefecture's Kangxi Chronicles and Art Documents, "Journey to the West" was written by Wu Cheng'en, a middle-aged Gongsheng student from Jiajing, Huai'an. Confucian scholar, his words are based on "Huai'an Fuzhi", so we followed his guidance to search for materials about Wu Chengen. Now Mr. Chengzhou Yucai copied to me many of the materials he found, which are transcribed below: Tianqi. "Huai'an Prefecture Chronicles" 16, "Character Chronicles" 2, "Modern Literature Garden"] Wu Cheng'en is sensitive and intelligent, and he has written a lot of books. He is elegant and elegant in poetry and prose, and has the style of Qin Shaoyou, who is good at comedy. Several of the miscellaneous notes he wrote were famous for a while. Some of them were given to the county magistrate by the Ming Dynasty. After a while, he bowed his sleeves and returned home. There was a collection of poems and poems that Qiu Shao Situ collected and engraved. Also in Book 19, "Yi Wen Zhi" 1, "Huaixian Wenmu"] Wu Cheng'en: "Sheyang Collection" in four volumes, oral volume; "Preface to Spring and Autumn Biography"; "Journey to the West" 11 of Kangxi's "Huai'an Prefecture". , and 12] are the same as Tianqi's "Zhi", Tongzhi's "Shanyang County Chronicle" 12, "Characters"] Wu Chengen's courtesy name is Ruzhong, his name is Sheyangshan, and he is a Gongsheng student in Jiajing. In the year of Zhixian, the official Xingxian Cheng was a man of great wisdom and proficiency, and he was widely praised for his writings on gold and stone. The family was poor and had no children, so many of his manuscripts were scattered and scattered, and they were divided into four volumes and published in the world. The preface was written by Chen Wenzhu, the prefect, and it is called "Sheyang Cunmu". There is also a "continuation" of the manuscript, which covers the tenth cloud. Volume 1 of Guangxu's "Huai'an Prefecture", "Characters" 2, and 38, "Yi Wen", are the same as those mentioned above. "Official" 1, the article "Ming Taishou" says: "Huang Guohua was appointed in the second year of Longqing. Chen Wenzhu, named Yushu, was born in Mianyang and was a Jinshi. He took office in Longqing for the first time. Shao Yuanzhe, Wanli first took office. "Volume 5 of Jiao Xun's "Ju Shuo" quotes Ruan Kuisheng's "Tea Guest Talk" saying: In the old records, Wu Sheyang was said to be sensitive and intelligent. He was the author of poems and essays, and he was good at humor. He wrote several miscellaneous notes, which made him famous for a while. Today I don't know what the "Miscellaneous Notes" is. However, "Huaixian Wenmu" records that "Popular Romance of Journey to the West" was written by Mr. Xi Jinping. The popular novel about changing surnames should be well-founded. Judging from the fact that the dialects and slang are all familiar to children in the streets and alleys of Huai, there are some that are not the same, especially those written by Huai people. This special game of shooting the sun is a joke about the boy from the village. It is necessary to find out the secret of cultivation. Mr. Zhou's examination of "Cha Yu Ke Hua" is based on Wu Yu's "Shan Yang Zhi Yi". "Volume 4, the original text is: Mr. Tianqi Jiuzhi is ranked first in the modern literary garden, saying: "Sensitive and intelligent, he has read a lot of books, he has written poems and essays, and he is good at joking. He wrote several kinds of miscellaneous notes, which were famous for a while. At first, I didn’t know what kind of book the "miscellaneous notes" were. Later, when I read "Huaixian Wenmu", it was recorded that "Journey to the West" was written by Mr. "Journey to the West". In line with the general purpose of Jin Dan, Yu Dao Yuan ordered this book to be written by Qiu Changchun in the early days of his country, and "Jun Zhi" said that it was written by Mr. Xi when Tianqi was not far away, so his words must have original meaning. This record was written in early Changchun, and Mr. Zhi wrote it as a popular romance. For example, "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" was written by Chen Shou, and "The Romance" was written in the dialect of Luo Guanzhong. There is no doubt that it was written by Huai people. "Journey to the West" written by Mr. Sheyang. Wu Yu also mistook Qiu Changchun's "Journey to the West", which was prefaced by Yu Ji, as a geography book chronicling the journey. The book has absolutely nothing to do with it. Although Ruan Kuisheng relied on Wu's theory, after the death of He Ai's theory, scholars knew the nature of Changchun's original book, so Wu Yu's theory was self-defeating. There are many materials about Wu Chengen in Volume 4 of "Shanyang Zhiyi", which are recorded below: In the middle of Jiajing, Wu Gong was born as Chengen, whose courtesy name was Ruzhong, whose name was Sheyang Shanren, and Wu Min Boqia, a talented scholar in Wuhuai. At that time, many of the words of blessing and gift were written by him, and he recommended Nuo Gong of Shentai Pavilion as the swordsman. Unexpectedly, he was the only official in the county who was poor, old and had no heirs, and many of his manuscripts were scattered. It was lost. Qiu Situ Zhenggang cleared up the fragments and obtained the manuscript from his friends Ma Qingxi and Ma Zhuquan. He also found it in the collection of a villager and divided it into four volumes, which he engraved and named "Chen Manuscript of Sheyang Mountain". Wen Zhu's preface states: "When Chen Zi was guarding Huai'an, Xu Zi was in Changxing and passed through Huai. Go to your loyal minister Changxing, and be good to your son. The three of them went to the Hanhou Temple to drink and discuss poetry without getting tired. Ru Zhong said that the writings date from the "Six Classics", but Han and Wei are more recent. The poems started from "Three Hundred Chapters" and later, but were written in the Tang Dynasty in recent times.
In recent times, scholars have been appreciating Chaohua but don't know how to know more about animals, and they have made statements but don't know how to rinse and moisten them. Even if they want to write essays and express poems, it is difficult. Xu Shisheng had a deep conversation with his son. Looking at Ru Zhong's works today, they are beautiful due to emotion, the objects are bright, the words are subtle but obvious, and the purpose is broad but profound. Collecting the ancient prose of hundreds of generations, picking up the rhyme of thousands of years, Shen's words are profound, floating algae and clouds, Zhang Wenqian is only one person after him. "His praise can be said to be the highest. Reading his posthumous collection, it is confirmed that our county is the best in the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, his books and publications do not exist, so I first obtained a copy, but the paper and ink have been lost. Later, four volumes of printed editions were collected one after another, and The sequel is also a complete volume. All his poems are included in "Shan Yang Qi Jiu Ji", and one or two poems from each style are selected to be published here. According to this, it is the beginning of Long Qing Dynasty (about 1570). When Chen Wenzhu was guarding Huai'an, Wu Chengen was not yet dead. Based on this, we can estimate his age: in the middle of Jiajing (about 1550), he was born in Sui Gong at the end of Jiajing (about 1560), and he was appointed as the magistrate of Changdian County in the early years of Longqing. (about 1570), socializing with Chen Wenzhu and Xu Ziyu in Huai'an, drinking and writing. Wu Chengen died at the beginning of Wanli (about 1580). Wu Chengen was probably born at the end of Zhengde (about 1520). At the beginning of Wanli (about 60 years old), Tianqi's "Huai'an Chronicle" was compiled in the sixth year of Tianqi, which was only forty or fifty years before Wu Chengen's death.
< p>The illustrations of Journey to the West are drawn as follows:1. First draw Tang Monk’s hat, then draw his head and expression, then draw the body clothes, and put the cassock on it. Draw the grid pattern.
2. Then draw the big-eared Zhu Bajie carrying the rake and the honest Sha Monk carrying the luggage on both sides of Tang Monk. Then draw the ground lines and then draw the clouds and fog above. Draw Sun Wukong and add the clouds in the sky.
3. After painting Tang Monk’s skin color, paint his eyes black, his mouth and chin red, and paint his hat and cassock in red and yellow. . Similarly, after painting Zhu Bajie and Sha Seng, the clothes are also painted with a good color. Finally, Sun Wukong is also painted, the ground is painted with green, and the clouds are painted with blue, so the four masters and disciples in Journey to the West are painted. The painting is ready.
"Journey to the West" is one of the four classic Chinese classics, written by Wu Cheng'en. This book describes the legendary story of Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Wujing protecting Tang Monk from the West. The author Wu Cheng'en uses romantic techniques to soar with the wings of extremely rich imagination, depicts a colorful, magical and magnificent fantasy world, creates a series of interesting and fascinating mythological stories, and successfully creates the idealized Sun Wukong, an extraordinary and holy figure. Heroic image.
"Journey to the West" is a classic of Chinese gods and demons novels, reaching the pinnacle of ancient romantic novels. It is also known as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin" and "Dream of Red Mansions" in China. The four classic classics. "Journey to the West" has been widely circulated among the people since its publication, and various versions have emerged. Who drew this realistic illustration of "Journey to the West"?
The concept of the new generation of local CG painters. Designer——Liu Dongzi:
Featured style: monkey art, European painting school
Representative works: "Blood Red Sunset", conceptual design of Zhang Jizhong's version of "Journey to the West", character design . Concept design of the movie "The Monkey King", currently serialized in the European comic "Royal Blood", etc.
In the illustration art world, people often comment on him like this: "Dongzi's fists and his paintings." It can knock people down. "
Yes, the hard-core style of Liu Dongzi's paintings makes people look so "energetic". Observing Liu Dongzi's works, he painted the most monkeys. His obsession with monkeys made him Elements related to monkeys have been drawn all over. For example, he is one of the most vivid illustrators of the Chinese painting Monkey King.
Liu Dongzi’s painting style shows a sense of persistence, but The overall brushwork is unimaginably humble. Although he paints more Chinese elements, his painting style is greatly influenced by European painting schools. Therefore, the Chinese elements interpreted in international style appear popular, fashionable and international.
< p>Last year, when Zhang Jizhong was planning to shoot the new "Journey to the West", he strongly invited Liu Dongzi to be the chief art director and do the conceptual design for the new "Journey to the West", which shows his influence in the Chinese painting world.