In the ancient legend era, Dongyi lived around the Bohai Sea, with the sea in the south.
Dongyi in pre-Qin literature refers to those non-Huaxia countries and tribes in Shandong Province and the eastern coastal areas north of Huaihe River, that is, they are distributed in Shandong, northern Jiangsu and Huaibei areas. Therefore, today's Shandong Province is the origin of Dongyi and the core area of Dongyi in Xia and Shang Dynasties.
The title of "Dongyi" officially appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Throughout the Western Zhou Dynasty, foreigners from the East were strong rivals of the Zhou Dynasty. In the first year of Zhou Chengwang (BC 1063), the three prison armies (Wu Geng, Guan Shu, and Cai Shu) joined forces against the Zhou Dynasty, and joined Dongyi to rise up against the Zhou Dynasty. Regent Zhou Gongdan personally expedition to the East. In less than two years, he put down the rebellion, killed Wu Geng and Guan Shu, and exiled Cai Shu. Then the Duke of Zhou continued to fight in the East, and successively wiped out more than 50 countries in the East, such as Iman (now the east of Qufu, Shandong Province) and Puhu (now the northeast of Boxing County, Shandong Province), and drove Fei Lian to the corner of the sea and massacred him, so the forces of the Zhou Dynasty moved eastward to the sea. Although the Duke of Zhou's eastward expedition involved Huai Yi, the key target was Dongyi in Shandong today, which led to the downfall of Dongyi forces in Shandong today. In order to effectively control the East and prevent it from being too big, the Zhou Dynasty also enfeoffed a vassal state to appease the East. The land destroyed by the Eastern Expedition of the Zhou Dynasty was named King Taigong, and Yingqiu, the capital of Qi State (later called Linzi, now the old Linzi in the northeast of Zibo City, Shandong Province), and the fief was now in the north of Shandong Province; Seal the land of the East Expedition to destroy the election, build the land of Shandong, and seal the land in southwest Shandong today. Qilu, the two major vassal States, developed and nurtured the East with Chinese civilization, and the Dongyi area became increasingly stable, effectively consolidating the Western Zhou Dynasty's rule over the East.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were other small countries with wind surnames such as Ren, Su, Xu, and Zhuxiu, the descendant of Tai Hao (the leader) from Dongyi. In today's Shandong Province, there are descendants of (Dongyi leaders) living in such countries as Tan, Tan and Fei. They intermarried with Zhu Xia and formed an alliance. In the process of fighting for hegemony with Chu, they were mainly attached to Qi and Lu, and were regarded as their allies. Although they still retain some customs of Dongyi, they are actually integrated with summer; By the Warring States period, the sinicization of foreigners in Shandong was basically completed, and the differences between foreigners and Xia people gradually disappeared and merged into the Chinese nation. Dongyi is one of the important sources of Chinese ancestors.
At present, there is no so-called "Dongyi".
Dongyi, who lived in Shandong, was once very powerful, but why did it die later? Please Jin Rongcheng slowly way:
Dongyi, then one of the names of ethnic tribes around the center of Chinese civilization (Nanman Dongyi in the north of Xirong), was a force to be reckoned with at the beginning and once threatened the Central Plains. After the Yellow Emperor Yan Di fought Chiyou (Dongyi tribe), Dongyi temporarily lost the ability to continue westward. During the Di Xin period of Shang Dynasty, in the face of the threat of Dongyi, Dongyi was repeatedly defeated and weakened. After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Shang, the founding hero, was enfeoffed to Qi, which became the first country to be invaded.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi Huangong, the monarch of Qi, appointed Guan Zhong as prime minister, and Qi became more and more powerful. Under the slogan of respecting the king, he conquered other foreigners everywhere, defeated the Northern Emperor and Donghu in the northern part of Yan State, and the territory of Dongyi in the eastern part of Qi State became smaller and smaller. Later, as a big country in the East, Qi, with its strong national strength, finally defeated Dongyi completely and gradually merged into Chinese civilization.
This is the rise and fall of Dongyi, which completely disappeared during the period of hegemony and merger of princes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Dongyi is the collective name of all ethnic groups in eastern China; In the ancient legend era, Dongyi lived around the Bohai Sea, with the sea in the south. Dongyi in pre-Qin literature refers to those non-Huaxia countries and tribes in Shandong Province and the eastern coastal areas north of Huaihe River, that is, they are distributed in Shandong, northern Jiangsu and Huaibei areas. Therefore, today's Shandong Province is the origin of Dongyi and the core area of Dongyi in Xia and Shang Dynasties.
The title of "Dongyi" officially appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Throughout the Western Zhou Dynasty, foreigners from the East were strong rivals of the Zhou Dynasty. In the first year of Zhou Chengwang (BC 1063), the three prison armies (Wu Geng, Guan Shu, and Cai Shu) joined forces against the Zhou Dynasty, and joined Dongyi to rise up against the Zhou Dynasty. Regent Zhou Gongdan personally expedition to the East. In less than two years, he put down the rebellion, killed Wu Geng and Guan Shu, and exiled Cai Shu. Then the Duke of Zhou continued to fight in the East, and successively wiped out more than 50 countries in the East, such as Iman (now the east of Qufu, Shandong Province) and Puhu (now the northeast of Boxing County, Shandong Province), and drove Fei Lian to the corner of the sea and massacred him, so the forces of the Zhou Dynasty moved eastward to the sea. Although the Duke of Zhou's eastward expedition involved Huai Yi, the key target was Dongyi in Shandong today, which led to the downfall of Dongyi forces in Shandong today. In order to effectively control the East and prevent it from being too big, the Zhou Dynasty also enfeoffed a vassal state to appease the East. The land destroyed by the Eastern Expedition of the Zhou Dynasty was named King Taigong, and Yingqiu, the capital of Qi State (later called Linzi, now the old Linzi in the northeast of Zibo City, Shandong Province), and the fief was now in the north of Shandong Province; Seal the land of the East Expedition to destroy the election, build the land of Shandong, and seal the land in southwest Shandong today. Qilu, the two major vassal States, developed and nurtured the East with Chinese civilization, and the Dongyi area became increasingly stable, effectively consolidating the Western Zhou Dynasty's rule over the East.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were still small countries with wind surnames, such as Ren, Su, Xu and so on. A descendant of Tai Hao (leader of Dongyi) near Lu. In today's Shandong Province, there are descendants of (Dongyi leaders) living in such countries as Tan, Tan and Fei. They intermarried with Zhu Xia and formed an alliance. In the process of fighting for hegemony with Chu, they were mainly attached to Qi and Lu, and were regarded as their allies. Although they still retain some customs of Dongyi, they are actually integrated with summer; By the Warring States period, the sinicization of foreigners in Shandong was basically completed, and the differences between foreigners and Xia people gradually disappeared and merged into the Chinese nation. Dongyi is one of the important sources of Chinese ancestors.
(The pictures in this article are all from the Internet)
I am Xiaoqi, a Sichuan girl who likes monsters, and a lovely girl who is addicted to nonsense. This manuscript comes from the old gossip.
The answer to this question begins with Boyi.
Boyi, formerly known as Fei Da, was also the leader of Dongyi in Dayu period.
He is called Fei Da, because his fief is in Philadelphia, which is close to the ruling area of Shao Hao. It can be seen that Boyi is also a leader who has experienced in Dongyi. During this period, the Central Plains culture, with the Chinese nation as the main body, was gradually in a dominant position, while the surrounding ethnic groups were gradually in a subordinate position. Nevertheless, Dongyi still has considerable strength under the leadership of Boyi. What is the origin of Boyi?
It can be said that Boyi's life experience is very complicated. He is descended from Huangdi, Dongyi and finally Shaodian. Why do you say that? It's because of the phrase "the mysterious bird dropped its egg".
In ancient Chinese, the mysterious bird can be understood as a swallow, but on many occasions it refers to the divine bird Phoenix, which is the highest totem worship of Dongyi nationality with birds as its totem.
The women of Huangdi nationality were pregnant and gave birth because of the totem of Dongyi nationality, which showed that the two nationalities of Huaxia and Dongyi had a great integration after the First World War of Chiyou and Huangdi, but Dongyi people still kept their own national culture well and had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese nation, which naturally included intermarriage.
It can be said that Boyi has excellent cultural genes of three nationalities because of his lineage. What influenced him the most was the advanced Dongyi culture.
Boyi lived from the end of Longshan culture to the beginning of Yueshi culture, and he perfectly inherited the agriculture and animal husbandry that Dongyi people were good at. Dongyi people have a relatively systematic farming and animal husbandry technology since the beginning of the northern new culture, and a full set of farm tools and domesticated livestock and poultry bones have been unearthed from the ruins of the northern new culture.
All these records show that he has high attainments in domesticating animals. It is precisely because Boyi has advanced production technology that he can enter the core management of the Central Plains ruling group and become a prominent vassal.
Boyi made three great contributions to the people after he entered the high-rise of the Central Plains:
First, help Dayu to control water (see above).
Second, focus on the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and spread the advanced production technology of Dongyi to more places.
During this period, he popularized rice culture widely, benefiting more people.
Not only that, Boyi also invented the well, "Shiben? "Zuo pian" records: "Turn profit into well. "Huainanzi? In this classic instruction, it is recorded: "Boyi works as a well and is a mysterious cloud, living in Kunlun." "These statements are also consistent with the remains of water wells discovered in Longshan cultural archaeology.
Third, during the flood fighting, the geographical situation and customs of the world were summarized, and the Classic of Mountains and Seas was initially formed.
Because of Boyi's outstanding achievements, Shun Di put him in charge of the national animal husbandry. By the time Dayu came to power, he was already a candidate for the son of heaven.
Whether Dayu is sincere or perfunctory, in short, this move has made Boyi move to the center of political power, and at the same time, it has also made Dongyi people step into the threshold of mainstream culture again. It is precisely because of the position of the candidates of the Emperor of Heaven that Boyi and Dongyi people finally suffered from extinction.
According to the ancient system since the Yellow Emperor, regime alternation was the rule of the world, but when Dayu was in power, Yu's son Qi secretly accumulated strength and finally seized the throne of heaven, opening up the family world, which was followed by the tragic fate of Boyi and Dongyi people.
This statement is very unconvincing. As a native of Dongyi, being able to enter the ruling center of the Central Plains is enough to show Boyi's contribution, virtue and prestige. The argument that the sun is shallow simply doesn't hold water. This is just a cover-up for orthodox historians to seize the throne.
Boyi just lost his position in the historical records, but what about the chronicle of ancient bamboo books? The Last Month Of Summer's record is completely different: "When you start positioning, you start killing." The first half of this record is wrong and the second half is right. The theory of "starting with merit" does not conform to the ancient system, let alone the history of word of mouth.
Guo Moruo translated a passage from The Songs of the South: "Xia Qi replaced Boyi as king and finally killed Boyi. Why can Qi turn from frustration to complacency? Why did Boyi fail and Yu Xia prosper? " Obviously, Qu Yuan was very dissatisfied with the practice of Qi State, that is to say, Boyi was finally killed by Qi State, instead of hiding in the meditation position as usual. Therefore, it should be "starting profit", not "starting profit".
After Boyi was defeated in the struggle with Kay, the Dongyi people were in danger. Chronology of ancient bamboo books? The Last Month Of Summer mentioned many times the war waged by Xia Dynasty against Dongyi nationality, which eventually led to the disintegration of Dongyi nationality and the decline of Dongyi culture.
From the summer solstice to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Dongyi never rose again, but gradually merged into China culture until it finally died out. After the fierce battle of Yi Xia, some people in Dongyi moved from the east of China to the northwest inland, and became the ancestors of Qin Zhao, especially Qin State. Therefore, in the early Warring States, the six eastern countries were always called barbarians and regarded them as uncivilized barbarians.
But it was this vassal state, which was once called a barbarian country, that finally completed the great cause of unifying China, making China extremely powerful for the first time.
The reason why China culture has a strong integration is that ancient times was a pluralistic and inclusive cultural system, and Dongyi culture is undoubtedly an extremely important part of this huge system.
If the ancient civilization of China lacks the addition and supplement of Dongyi culture, it will be a cultural system with congenital dysplasia, and even if it can go far, it will not be brilliant.
As early as before the Yellow Emperor, Dongyi culture had deeply influenced the Chinese nation, and there was the possibility and opportunity of national integration. In ancient times, Dongyi had a far-reaching influence on neighboring tribes with advanced productivity and culture.
Since the war between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou, the advanced technology of Dongyi nationality has been further introduced into the Central Plains, and the further spread of Dongyi culture has made the relatively backward Chinese nation make greater achievements in historical development.
Moreover, the forces of the Central Plains further expanded to the eastern region, laying a solid foundation for future reunification. It can be said that the East-West War between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou is a great milestone of China's reunification and a driving force for the final formation of Chinese civilization.
During the Boyi period, Dongyi gradually fell behind the Huaxia nationality, but they were still ahead of the Huaxia nationality in agriculture and animal husbandry, so he once again served as a cultural propaganda ambassador and spread a higher level of rice culture and technology to more places. Dongyi people have made great contributions to China's agricultural civilization.
The unification of Qin, a descendant of Dongyi, laid the foundation for the unification, stability and development of China. After the Qin Dynasty, no matter how chaotic China is, it will eventually be divided for a long time and its culture will flourish.
Moreover, the character of Dongyi people has deeply influenced the development of the Chinese nation. Tai Hao is broad and wise, Chiyou is strong and brave, Shao Hao is persistent in pioneering, and Boyi is diligent. These are not only their personal charm, but also the representative and concentrated embodiment of the national character of Dongyi people. These fine qualities were finally absorbed and integrated by the Chinese people, thus forming the national character of China people who are both rigid and flexible and strive for progress.
refer to
[1] Tan Qixiang. Atlas of Chinese history [Z]. Beijing: China Map Publishing House, 1996.
[2] Lin He. History of witchcraft in China [M]. Guangzhou: Huacheng Press, 200 1.
[3] Anonymous author, Jason, Daihe Freezing School. Chronology of ancient bamboo books [M]. Jinan: Qilu Bookstore, 20 10.
[4] (Korea) Sima Qian. Historical records [M] Hunan: Yuelu Bookstore, 2005.
[5] (Western Jin Dynasty) Huangfu Mi. Imperial century [M]. Shandong: Qilu Bookstore, 20 10.
[6] Liu Wendian, Yi Feng, Qiao Hua Military Academy. A summary of Lie Hong in Huainan [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 20 10.
[7] Wang Zengyong. Introduction to mythology [M]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2007.
[8] (Qing) Mason. Yi Shi [M]. Wang finishing. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2002.
[9] (Qing) Duan Yucai. Notes on Shuo Wen Jie Zi [M]. Henan: Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 2006.
[10] Zhang Jue. Translated from wuyue in the Spring and Autumn Period [M]. Guizhou; Guizhou People's Publishing House, 2008.
[1 1] (Han) Zhu, (Qing) Qin Jiamo and other series. Eight world books [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2008.
[12] Zhang, author. Jingchu cultural annals [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1998.
[13] Dong Chuping, Jin Yongping. Wu yue culture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1998.
[14] Mountain Yuan Mu. Cultural annals of Central Plains [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1998.
[15] Wang Entian. Qilu culture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1998.
Copyright statement: This article is an exclusive invitation from Xiao Qi for the declassification of Shan Hai Jing, and any form of reprinting, misappropriating or rewriting is prohibited. Unauthorized misappropriation will be investigated to the end.
We are Linzi, the old capital of Qi, and the native land of Dongyi.
Past dynasties; Those who do not represent the hearts of the old people; Those with little influence; Naturally, it will perish;
The theory of "yi" in the east was first seen in Yao Dian: the government was classified as yi, which was called "intestinal valley" This statement is the source of language. Iraq is the place where the sun rises at the eastern vernal equinox, also known as the valley of Iraq. Jane is Dongyi, which is a calendar term. This city is the ancient city of Ayi, the capital of the Yellow Emperor. Historical records show that the Yellow Emperor is located in the land of Zhuolu. A 'e is Acheng, the birthplace of Ejiao, the first land in Dong 'e County in Han Dynasty, in the east of yanggu county, Liaocheng City. In the Xia Dynasty, Hou Yi sealed off foreign countries in the north of Qingdao, and was later annexed by foreign countries, forming Lion. More than forty miles in the eastern suburb of Ayi, there is Yanggu Mountain, now called Yanggu Mountain, now called Yushan Mountain, distributed on both sides of the Yellow River. Yanggu Mountain is the place where the east vernal equinox of Gu 'ayi rises. It was probably also done by Hou Yi in Xia Dynasty, which sealed the valley state, that is, Dong 'e Town in Pingyin County today, Gucheng in Qin Dynasty, and Xiaogu before the Spring and Autumn Period. According to land records, this is the land of Igu. Yangguyi was born in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and Yanggu County was established in Sui Dynasty, located in the northeast of Dongping Lake, and is now called Wanggudian. Yanggu City moved westward for three times due to floods, and 1006 moved here. Dongyi pushed eastward to Jiaodong in summer and zhouxiangdong to western Liaoning, from which the word "Tieyi" came into being, also known as Yu Yi. Later, it was pushed to Le Lang, the place where the Japanese spring equinox sunrise. The Japanese invasion in the East is a general concept based on Imperial Capital or China.
Dongyi not only existed, but also produced a series of celebrities such as Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, Sun Wu, Sun Bin, etc. It is the core force of Chinese civilization.